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练习 58 阅读理解＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书145页
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2022·全国乙卷 说明文 300词 ★★★★☆
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers
first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g
of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that
today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting
them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data
of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected
to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by
manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer
kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury
figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre
of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and
are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milkbased drinks and most
alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per
year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar
tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in
schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance,
and the industry is playing its part.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来
解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
1．Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A．To collect money for schools.
B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children's health.
D．To encourage research in education.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016,
the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to
help reduce childhood obesity .(该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿
童健康。故选C项。
2．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．The reduced their products' sugar content.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft
drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the
tax.(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税)”可
知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。
3．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A．Most alcoholic drinks.
B．Milkbased drinks.
C．Fruit juices.
D．Classic Coke.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like
Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting
consumers. Fruit juices, milkbased drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are
small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可
口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的
饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到 100万升的小公司也是免税的)”可知，糖
税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。
4．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A．It is a shortsighted decision.
B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers.
D．It upsets customers.
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today's figures, according to one
government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of
pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.(根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的
数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑)”可推断，
糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。
B
2022·全国乙卷 说明文 307词 ★★★★☆
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at
the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely
future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of
kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7
basis.
Drones are already being used to examine hightension electrical lines. They could do
precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such
as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can beinspected, the more railway safety, reliability and ontime performance will be improved. Costs
would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel
safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year
on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews'
efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing highervalue services for
railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To
perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working
on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the
train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and
travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a copilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could
signal any problem, so that fastmoving trains would be able to react in time.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保
证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
5．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to
examine hightension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway
lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and
switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路
线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，无人机
在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。
6．What does “maintenance” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Personnel safety.
B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair.
D．Construction of infrastructure.
答案与解析：C 词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone
spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff,
often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路
维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础
设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure (检查
和维修铁路基础设施)”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and
better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安
全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
7．What function is expected of the rail drones?
A．To provide early warning.
B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews.D．To accelerate transportation.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Very small drones with advanced
sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a copilot. With their ability to
see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fastmoving trains would be able to react in time.
(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。 凭借
他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反
应。)”可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题做出预警。故选A。
8．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无
人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators
save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's ‘eyes in the
sky’ technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基
础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠
的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的‘空中之眼’技术
的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二
段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能；第三段讲到了使用
无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术
无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的
未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的
最佳标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·湖北武汉部分学校调研]
A Hearty Welcome
Chase counted his new year gifts one more time as he put a robotshaped eraser into each
envelope. “Twenty, twentyone, twentytwo.”
“Do you have one for everyone in your class？” Mom asked.
“Yep！” Chase said. “I'm ready for the party tomorrow！”
When Chase got to school the next day, he saw a new girl in his classroom. She stood near
Ms. Robins and looked around shyly.
“This is Eva，” said Ms. Robins. “Will someone volunteer to show her around
today？” Chase raised his hand since he liked showing the new kids around and helping them
feel welcome.
“Thanks, Chase，” Ms. Robins said. “Now let's get down to our work.”
That's when Chase realized he didn't have a new year gift for Eva. No one else would have
one either. Chase pictured his classmates' desks covered with gifts while Eva's desk was empty. He
felt sad about that.
At break, he was careful not to mention the party as he showed Eva around the playground.
At lunchtime, he walked Eva to the lunchroom, still worried about what would happen at the
party. Eva had brought a packed lunch, so Chase showed her where she was supposed to sit andintroduced her to some of the kids at her table.
While eating, Chase suddenly remembered that kids often included candy hearts with the
new year gifts they exchanged. This won't be New Year's Day for Eva with no gifts. But as he sat
down at his table, an idea flooded into his head. He whispered it to the kids around him. Soon
everyone at the table was nodding and whispering.
When they were back in the classroom after lunch, Chase told Ms. Robins about their plan.
Ms. Robins smiled. “That's very thoughtful，” she said. “Let's go for it.”
It was math time, so Chase invited Eva to study with him. He made sure Eva sat with her
back to the room so she wouldn't notice.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Meanwhile, her new classmates were busy working on something.
________________________________________________________________________
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“Here's your new year gift, Eva. It's from everyone，” Chase said.
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Meanwhile, her new classmates were busy working on something. They were going to
give Eva their “hearts”. Quickly but quietly, Ms. Robins, with an exquisite paper bag she fetched
from her office, was walking around the classroom to collect the candy hearts. Growing heavy
with the paper bag was the students' welcome for their new classmate. Sitting beside Eva, Chase
felt his heart racing and palms sweating. In order not to ruin the new year surprise for Eva, he
pretended to be discussing math problems with her to occupy her attention. The stone in his heart
finally dropped when Ms. Robins tiptoed towards him and placed the paper bag on his hands.
“Here's your new year gift, Eva. It's from everyone，” Chase said. Surprise written
on Eva's face, she turned around and was greeted by the sunny smiles on her classmates' faces.
“Open it，” Chase said. No sooner had she opened the paper bag than everybody cheered,
“Happy New Year.” The candies which were made in the shape of hearts blurred her eyes.
Springing from her seat, she stepped forward and bowed to her new but considerate classmates,
who not only erased her anxiety but also planted the seed of hope in her heart. What a hearty
welcome!
答题策略
语法填空——词语辨析
常见词语辨析
many修饰或代替可数名词复数；much修饰或代替不可
①
数名词“时间段＋ago”相对现在多久以前；“时间段＋
②
before”相对过去多久以前
③ some用于肯定句；any用于疑问句和否定句
so与very均可修饰形容词或副词的原级，much多修饰
④
比较级，very much修饰动词
⑤ ever“从来，在任何时候，曾经”；never“从来不”
latest为形容词，意为“最新的”；later作副词表示“较
⑥ 晚地；后来”，与表示时间的词连用，表示“……之
后”
beside为介词，表示“在……旁边”；besides为副词，
⑦
表示“除此以外(还)”
used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing
⑧
sth.“习惯于做某事”
⑨ no相当于not a或not any；not否定动词
