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练习 4 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书8页
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(定语从句和状语从句)
1．The meeting will be put off till next week, a time ________ most of our clients will have
been back from abroad.
答案与解析：when 句意为：会议将被推迟到下周，那时我们的大部分客户就已从国
外回来了。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a time，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以应
用关系副词when。故填when。
2．[2024·湖南长郡中学检测]The reason ________ he was late for work was ________ he
missed the bus by one minute this morning.
答案与解析：why; that 句意为：他上班迟到的原因是今天早晨晚了一分钟，错过了
公共汽车。第一空应用关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，第二空应用that
引导表语从句。故填why; that。
3．[2024·河北深州中学期末]With a total length of 4，000 meters and a width of 75
meters, one of its runways is a 4F runway—the highest level in the international aviation industry,
________ large civil aircraft like an Airbus A380 can take off and land.
答案与解析：where 句意为：它其中的一条跑道总长4 000米，宽75米，是国际航空
业中等级最高的4F跑道，像空客A380这样的大型民用飞机，可以在这里起飞和降落。分
析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是runway，关系词在定语从句中
作地点状语，故填where。
4．Whenever I read the old letters, ________ was fairly often, sweet memories warmed my
heart.
答案与解析：which 分析句子可知，________ was fairly often是个非限制性定语从句，
修饰前面的整个句子，系动词was前缺少主语，故填which。
5．With a loving character, Tom is such a kind and helpful person ________ we cannot
praise too much.
答案与解析：as 分析句子可知，定语从句中，动词praise后缺少宾语，且先行词 a
kind and helpful person前有such修饰，故用as来引导该定语从句。
6．It is the family photo hung on the wall that always reminds me that family is the place
________ I should try my best to take care of.
答案与解析：which/that 分析句子结构可知，动词短语take care of后缺少宾语，且先
行词为the place，故用which或that来引导该定语从句。
7．As far as I am concerned，youth is a period ________ we should study hard and make
ourselves well prepared for the future.
答案与解析：when 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词a period，且
在从句中作时间状语，故用when。就我而言，青春是我们应该努力学习并且让我们自己为
未来做好充分准备的时期。
8．Young ________ she is, she has traveled to many countries to put on shows.
答案与解析：as/though 分析句子结构可知，as/though在此引导用了倒装形式的让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。
9．The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their
names.
答案与解析：before 那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，在我还没有问他们的名字
之前他们就离开了。根据句子的意思，空处表示“在……之前”，故填before。
10．To such a degree was he excited ________ he couldn't sleep last night.
答案与解析：that 分析句子结构可知，此处为such... that...“如此……以至于……”
引导的结果状语从句，故填that。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 记叙文 320词 ★★★☆☆
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how
nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through
plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if
this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing
nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of
fish can eat cancercausing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he
figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would
later call an ecomachine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥).
First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went
around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in
the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and
formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ecomachine took the sludge as
food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure
water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouselike facility that
treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an ecomachine
to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box
of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and
observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to selfrepair.”
【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他
建造了一个生态机器，利用大自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A．He was fond of traveling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to
explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, forexample, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures
lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the
messes people were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，
观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后
往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始想知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的垃圾)”
以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to
observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)?
Which kinds of fish can eat cancercausing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，
约翰回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会
食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A．To feed the animals.
B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.
D．To test the ecomachine.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
(几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The
plants and animals in the ecomachine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it
had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的
动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就完全被消化了，只剩下纯净
水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
3．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A.To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on
many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600
homes in South Burlington. He also designed an ecomachine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city
in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，
可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部
城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
4．What is the basis for John's work?
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships
and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-
repair. (你把微生物放在新的关系中，并观察要发生的事情。然后让这些新系统形成它们自
己的自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
B
2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，B 记叙文 269词 ★★☆☆☆Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we
all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there's a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get
a oneminute, a threeminute, or a fiveminute story ， ” says Alicia Trost, the chief
communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART. “You
choose which length you want and it gives you a receiptlike short story.”
It's that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20，000 short stories and poems since the
program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original
works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something
where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest，” Trost says. “And
as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our
kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century,
so could short stories save transit?
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to
improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short
stories，” she says.
And you'll never be without something to read.
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——社会服务——阅读亭项目
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了旧金山湾区捷运系统的首席通讯官艾丽西亚·特罗斯特
根据车站乘客的需求启动阅读亭项目，以便改善乘客的体验。
5．Why did BART start the kiosk program?
A．To promote the local culture.
B．To discourage phone use.
C．To meet passengers' needs.
D．To reduce its running costs.
答案与解析：C 推断。题干中的kiosk在第二段“there's a kiosk(小亭) for that”中首
次出现，句中的that指代文章第一段中的“but many of us still like to go old school and read
something printed”，即很多人仍然喜欢选择传统方式，读一些印刷的东西。所以为了满足
乘客需求，BART启动了阅读亭项目，故答案为C。
6．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk?
A．By popularity. B．By length.
C．By theme. D．By language.
答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。根据文章第三段中的“it tells you can get a oneminute,
a threeminute, or a fiveminute story”和“You choose which length you want”可知，你可以根
据自己想要的长度选择1分钟、3分钟或者5分钟阅读时长的故事，即阅读亭里的故事是按
长度分类的，故答案为B。
7．What has Trost been doing recently?
A．Organizing a story contest.
B．Doing a survey of customers.
C．Choosing a print publisher.D．Conducting interviews with artists.
答案与解析：A 理解具体信息。根据文章第五段中的“we do a call to artists in the Bay
Area to submit stories for a contest”和“as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions”
可知，特罗斯特号召艺术家们提交故事参加比赛，并且目前为止收到了大约 120份参赛作
品，所以她是在组织故事比赛，故答案为A。
8．What is Trost's opinion about BART's future?
A．It will close down.
B．Its profits will decline.
C．It will expand nationwide.
D．Its ridership will increase.
答案与解析：D 理解观点、态度。根据第七段内容“Trost thinks so”和第八段中的
“So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories”可知，特罗斯特完
全相信他们会因为短故事收获更多乘客，故答案为D。
黄金考点
语法填空——介词
考点8 介词的基本用法
The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it
考例 has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so ________ the familiar near
side.
点拨 考查介词。根据设空处前的more可知，设空处应填介词than。
考点9 介词用于固定短语
Bamboo plants are associated ________ health, abundance and a happy
考例
home.
句意：竹子与健康、富足和幸福家庭联系在一起。be associated with
点拨
为固定短语，故填with。
