文档内容
练习 42 语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书105页
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·陕西西安调研 说明文 195词 ★★★★☆
A special event titled “Tea for Harmony—Yaji Cultural Salon of Jiangsu” was held last
week by the China Cultural Center in Paris, with the 1.________ (intend) of giving tea a greater
role in enhancing friendly dialogue. The carefully 2.________ (select) representative intangible
cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) from East China's Jiangsu Province presented its rich tea
culture 3.________ (thorough).
Yaji, which translates as “an elegant gathering”， reminds people of 4.________ ancient
type of social event in China 5.________ scholars and the literati (文人) gathered to involve in
a variety of refined cultural activities such as tea tasting, guqin playing, and poetry composition
and recitals. The Paris event featuring activities including tea tasting, demonstrations of teamaking
techniques and tea art and musical performances 6.________ (speak) highly of by audiences.
Through the activities, it provided an 7.________ (extend) description of local lifestyles
associated with tea.
8．________ caught people's eye was a unique exhibition presented in a panoramic (全景)
way 9.________ (use) virtual 3D modeling technology. With fancy silk, jewelry, musical
instruments, costumes for Peking Opera and Kunqu Opera, as well as tools for special occasions
10.________ exhibit, the virtual show recreated traditional lifestyles and home environments
from Jiangsu.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。巴黎中国文化中心举办了一场名为“茶和天下·苏
韵雅集”的活动，通过展览和表演等形式，全面介绍了江苏茶文化。
1．答案与解析：intention 上周，巴黎中国文化中心举办了一场名为“茶和天下·苏韵
雅集”的特别活动，意在让茶在加强友好对话中发挥更大的作用。根据空前的 with the和
空后的of可知，空处应用名词。intention“打算，计划，意图，目的”。
2．答案与解析：selected 精心挑选的来自中国东部江苏省的代表性非物质文化遗产
全面展示了其丰富的茶文化。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作前置定语，
select“挑选”与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。
3．答案与解析：thoroughly 空处修饰动词 presented，应用所给词的副词形式。
thoroughly“完全地，全面地”。
4．答案与解析：an 雅集，译为“高雅的聚会”，让人们想起中国一种古老的社交活
动，学者和文人聚集在一起，参与各种高雅的文化活动，如品茶、古琴演奏、诗歌创作和
朗诵。此处表泛指，又ancient的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
5．答案与解析：where 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示抽象
地点的social event，空处在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
6．答案与解析：was spoken 句中没有谓语动词，故空处作谓语。句子主语为 The
Paris event，表示单数，与speak之间是被动关系，又文中描述该活动时用到的时态是一般过去时，故填was spoken。speak highly of“高度赞扬，对……大加称赞”。
7．答案与解析：extensive 根据空前的an和空后的description可知，空处应用形容词
作定语。
8．答案与解析：What 吸引人们眼球的是使用虚拟3D建模技术以全景方式呈现的独
特展览。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”
故填What。
9．答案与解析：using 空处应用非谓语动词作方式状语，use与其逻辑主语a unique
exhibition之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
10．答案与解析：on 此处为“with＋sth.＋介词短语”结构。on exhibit“在展示中”
为固定搭配。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·石家庄市质检 说明文 286词 ★★★☆☆
The Nobel Prize has been awarded to 60 women between 1901 and 2022. These women have
made outstanding contributions to the worlds of medicine, science, literature and so on. Here are
four of them.
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Award: Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Year: 1964
Dorothy Hodgkin was a British chemist whose interest in research began when, as a child,
she received a chemistry book containing experiments with crystals (晶体). She studied at Oxford
University and developed protein crystallography, which advanced the development of Xrays.
This earned her the Nobel Prize.
Gertrude B. Elion
Award: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Year: 1988
Gertrude Elion won the Nobel Prize for her discoveries of important principles for drug
treatment. Elion had watched her grandfather die of cancer, so she decided to fight the disease
throughout her life. Elion, together with George Hitchings, with whom she shared the award,
created a system for drug production that relies heavily on biochemistry.
Toni Morrison
Award: Nobel Prize in Literature
Year: 1993
Toni Morrison, whose book “Beloved” earned her the Pulitzer Prize and the American
Book Award, was the first Black woman to ever receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in
Ohio, Morrison was a writer whose works are mostly about life in the Black community. She
taught writing and served as an honorary professor at Princeton University.
Esther Duflo
Award: Nobel Prize in Economics
Year: 2019
Esther Duflo shared her prize with her research colleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit
Banerjee. who is her husband. Duflo has spent much of her career at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, where she earned her doctorate degree in 1999. Duflo and her partners were awardedthe Nobel Prize for their approach to fighting poverty around the world.
1．What won Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin the Nobel Prize ?
A．Her book about crystals.
B．Her contribution to Xray development.
C．Her research on medicine.
D．Her discovery of a new protein crystal.
答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。根据Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin部分的“She studied
at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography...This earned her the Nobel Prize”可
知，Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin对X射线的发展的贡献为她赢得了诺贝尔奖。故选B项。
2．What do Toni Morrison's books mainly focus on?
A.Educational issues.
B．Community service.
C．Writing techniques.
D．Black American's life.
答案与解析：D 理解具体信息。根据Toni Morrison部分的“whose works are mostly
about life in the Black community”可知，Toni Morrison的作品主要是关于黑人社区的生活。
由此可知，Toni Morrison的书主要讲美国黑人生活。故选D项。
3．What do Gertrude B. Elion and Esther Duflo have in common ?
A．They won the Nobel Prize in the same year.
B．They devoted themselves to fighting diseases.
C．They shared the Nobel Prize with others.
D．Their life experiences committed them to their fields.
答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据 Gertrude B．Elion部分的“so she decided to
fight the disease...with whom she shared the award”和 Esther Duflo 部分的“Esther Duflo
shared her prize with her research colleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee, who is her
husband”可知，Gertrude B．Elion和Esther Duflo的相似之处是她们和其他人一起获得了
诺贝尔奖。故选C项。
B
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 320词 ★★☆☆☆
On March 7 ， 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which
illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of
estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent
estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the
same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these
errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If
people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out.
In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If
for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate
will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic
phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller
groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accuratethan those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained
from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the
average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a followup study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of
what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most
confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This
happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups
reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and
reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the
potential implications for group discussion and decisionmaking are enormous.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。
实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立评估的平均值可能是相当准确的。
4．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A．The methods of estimation.
B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors.
D．The design of Galton's experiment.
答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that
when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to
overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they
cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make
the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom
of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors
become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这
样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，有些会
低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生一个更
准确的评估。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。用更专
业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得
相关或依赖，评估的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，
各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的评估，讨论了独立评估的平均如
何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象
的基本逻辑。故选B。
5．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________．
A．the crowds were relatively small
B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate
D．estimates were not fully independent
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of
crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. (用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求
人们的评估是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were
further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these
groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For
instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five wassignificantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究
的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等
数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的评估中获得的平均值明显比
从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，
平均值是更准确的，说明即使在评估数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做
到的。故选D。
6．What did the followup study focus on?
A．The size of the groups.
B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process.
D．The individual estimates.
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a followup study with 100 university
students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their
discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow
those least willing to change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员
试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的评估最
有信心的人？他们是否追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人呢)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人
员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的
重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
7．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies?
A.Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas
have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and
decisionmaking are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小
组讨论和决策性的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性
也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策性的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于 Navajas的
研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2024·福建省高三练习卷]近日，你校英语报拟介绍学生参与社团的情况。请你结合图
表信息，以“Our School Clubs”为题写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：
1．参与社团的情况；
2．你的看法。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Our School Clubs
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Our School Clubs
Aiming to enrich students' afterclass life, our school provides various clubs for us
students. Around half of the students prefer Chinese Calligraphy and Painting Club while one
fourth of them sign up for the Pingpong Club. The number of students joining the Erhu Club and
other clubs accounts for 10% and 17% respectively.
We benefit a lot from our school clubs. For one thing, there are many different kinds of
clubs so that we can choose whatever we are interested in. For another, attending these clubs
offers us good opportunities to improve our allround abilities.
