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专题 3.2.1 高考英语 语法填空（二）--动词
一、考情分析
高考语法填空题分为有提示词和无提示词两种。前一篇文章主要讲述了无提示词的语法填空题的解题
思路和技巧，本篇文章主要讲述有提示的语法填空题的解题思路和技巧。自2013年起，以往的多项选择题
改成了现在的语法填空。有提示词的语法填空题，通常可以通过词性转换和词形变化得出答案，一般每年
考查6-7道题。它包括动词时态、语态、非谓语形式变化；动词变名词、形容词；名词变复数；形容词和
副词的互变、比较级和最高级的变化。
解题步骤
一般来说，解题步骤为：1. 通读全文，理解大意；2. 确定固定搭配，使句子前后连贯；3. 分析句子
结构或分析语义确定所填词汇；4. 语法是否正确，逻辑是否合理。
语法填空考点分布
1.有提示词类：一般设置6-7个小题
谓语动词 1-2题：考查时态、语态和主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多
3个单词。
非谓语动词 1-3题：考查不定式、动名词和分词，每种最多设1题。
高频
考点
派生词 1-3题：考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为
副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词 0-1题：主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词 0-1题：主要考查形容词和副词的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。
低频 代词：0-1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身
考点 代词等。
下面是近5年高考英语全国卷语法填空题中有提示词题的统计表：
项目 体裁 主题内容 谓语动 非谓语 形容 名词 合计
卷别 词 动词 词/副
词
202 新高考卷I 说明文 中国美食小笼包 4 2 6
3 新高考卷II 记叙文 教熊猫饲养员讲英语 1 1 2 2 6
全国卷甲 说明文 寓言仍然具有价值 1 3 1 1 6
全国卷乙 夹叙夹议 北京古今建筑的融合 2 3 1 1 7
202 新高考卷I 说明文 大熊猫国家公园计划 2 2 1 1 6
2 新高考卷II 记叙文 营救三岁小男孩 2 2 2 1 7
全国卷甲 记叙文 失明男子徒步旅行并做环保 1 3 2 1 7全国卷乙 说明文 首届“国际茶日” 1 3 1 1 6
202 新高考卷I 记叙文 登黄山的经历 1 1 3 1 6
1 新高考卷II 记叙文 保护海洋,减少塑料垃圾 1 2 2 1 6
全国卷甲 说明文 西安城墙 2 2 2 1 7
全国卷乙 说明文 生态旅游 2 2 2 6
202 新高考卷I 说明文 博物馆 3 1 1 1 6
0 卷I 说明文 嫦娥四号登月 3 1 2 1 7
卷II 说明文 春节装饰品 1 3 2 1 7
卷III 记叙文 伟大的艺术家 2 2 2 1 7
201 卷I 说明文 北极熊数量减少 2 2 2 1 7
9 卷II 说明文 年度女性奖 2 3 2 7
卷III 记叙文 寄宿家庭的经历 2 2 3 1 7
合计 31 42 35 19 127
策略1：动词类填空题的解答策略
1.谓语动词的时态的确定
高考语法填空最常考的时态是一般过去时、一般现在时和现在完成时，但单独考查时态的题型不多，
它同时会和语态、主谓一致一起进行考查，最多只考两个考点。语法填空题可以通过以下方式确定时态。
思维定向 解题原则
(1)一般过去时的标识词：yesterday, last year (week, month), just then, in 2018, two days
ago等
识别时态
(2)一般现在时的标识词：often, usually, always, sometimes, every day (week, month)等
标识词
(3)现在完成时的标识词：since, recently, lately, in the past/last few years, so far, until now,
already (肯定), yet (否定, 疑问), just, still, in recent years；for＋时间段等
瞻前顾后 表示并列关系的谓语动词往往时态一致，如：and, (not) ...but ..., not only...but also连接的
识并列 句子时态相呼应，应该一致。
动作先后
当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，我们可以根据动作发生的先后关系来判定时态。
有关系
“语境暗示” 如果句子中没有时间状语和其他参照物，则通过上下文的语境暗示来判断时态，这是一条
有方法 行之有效的方法。
三种填谓语动词的情况：
1. 主语+缺谓语 ( +宾语、状语......）
2. 主句+ that/what等连词+主语+缺谓语 ( +宾语、状语.......）
3. 并列分句(不缺成分) +并列连词(and, but, or等) +主语+缺谓语 ( +宾语、状语......）
实例印证：
1. (2023年全国高考英语II卷) As a little girl, I 65 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’mliving out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可
知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过
去时。故填wished。
2. (2023年全国高考英语乙卷) 6 6 (Having visited) several times over the last 10 years, I 6 7 (amaze)
by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly
growing.
【答案】was amazed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于
一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city
was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动
词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
3. (2022年全国高考英语I卷) The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the
authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological
buffer zones, ......
【答案】 is designed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保
护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在
句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为
一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
4. (2022 年全国高考英语甲卷) In the last five years, Cao 67 (walk) through 34 countries in six
continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 6 8 (highest) mountain.
【答案】has walked
【解析】考查时态。根据时间状语“In the last five years”可知，句子要用现在完成时，故填has walked。
2.谓语动词语态的确定
分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动
词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就
用被动语态。
被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化：主要体现在be的变化上, 其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
以give为例, 列表如下：时态 第一人称单数 第三人称单数 其它人称
一般现在时 am given is given are given
一般过去时 was given were given
现在进行时 am being given is being given are being given
过去进行时 was being given were being given
现在完成时 have been given has been given have been given
过去完成时 had been given
一般将来时 will be given
过去将来时 would be given
从近几年高考语法填空题来看，被动语态不可能单独考查，它会和时态一起考查，有时还会考虑主谓
一致的问题。以一般现在时和一般过去时的被动形式考查为主。
两种填被动语态的情况：
1. 主语 (表人的名词)+缺谓语 (vt.) (+ by ) (状语......)
2. 主语 (表物的名词)+缺谓语 + (+ by ) (状语.......)
实例印证：
1. (2021年全国高考英语甲卷) It 61 (build) originally to protect the city 62 (in) the Tang dynasty
and has now been completely restored (修复).
【答案】was built
【解析】考查动词时态语态。根据“originally”一词可知此处描述过去的事情；主语“It”和build之间是被
动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
2. (2020年新高考全国英语I卷) The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms.
Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 4 1 (is) on display.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：博物馆向公众开放的部分称为画廊或房间。通常，博物
馆的藏品只有一小部分在展出。根据句子结构和意思，这里意为“被称作是......”。另外句子主语是复
数，谓语动词也要用复数形式。
3. (2020年新高考全国英语II卷) Readers 6 4 (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the
guidance of 6 5 (our) Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】are encouraged
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的进一步参考资料部分进行
指导。readers和encourage有动宾关系，另外根据前一句中的we focus on a sample of ...... and explain......，
句子中是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。
4. (2020年新高考全国英语III卷) The artist was sure he would 63 (choose), but when he presentedhis masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：艺术家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作呈现给皇帝的宰相时，老人
笑了。情态动词would后需跟动词原形，主语he与谓语动词choose之间是被动关系，故用be chosen。
3.谓语动词单复数的确定
学生在完成语法填空题时，不仅要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态，还要时刻注意“主谓一致”的问题。
主谓一致一般不会单独出题，它经常和时态、语态一起来考查。英语中的主谓一致有三个原则，即：语法
一致原则、就近原则和意义一致原则。
可数名词单数、不可数名词及第三人称代词(he, she, it)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；可数名
词复数及第一、二、三人称复数(we, you, they)作主语时谓语动词用复数。学生应该牢记以下几种主谓一
致的情况。
思维定向 解题原则
在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与
定语从句中主谓一致
主句中所修饰的先行词的数保持一致。
非谓语和主语从句作 非谓语动词(动名词、不定式)、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但
主语 what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。
由并列连词either...or..., neither ... nor..., not ... but ..., not only ... but also...,
就近原则 there be结构等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最邻近的主语在人称和数上保
持一致。
主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等
就远原则 引起的短语时，此时介词短语是后置定语。谓语动词的数要与句子前面的主语
保持一致。
如何判断名词的单复数，看似比较简单，但对于那些形单意复、形复意单的名词，要仔细判断。还有
一些短语结构，如a team of, a group of, a majority of, a series of，用来修饰主语时的判断非常重要。
表示“很多”意义的短语，如a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of修饰名词
时，则应该根据其后的名词形式来判断。
实例印证：
1. (2023 年全国高考英语乙卷) The 69 (remarkable) development of this city, which is consciously
designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 70 (mean) there is always something
new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，
意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根
据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
2. (2022年新高考全国英语I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58
(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
59 (to increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】were
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多
现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在
that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为 a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据
“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复
数形式。故填were。
3. (2022年新高考全国英语II卷) Henry 62 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and
saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
【答案】was fixing
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。这是一个“sb. be doing sth. when...”句型，表示“某人正在做某事，
这时(突然……)”。讲述过去的动作用过去进行时，主语Henry是第三人称单数，所以系动词用was。故用
was fixing。
4. (2021年新高考全国英语I卷) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how
hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。
分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾
语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，“安置台阶的石头”是过去的事情，
应用一般过去时。故填was。
策略2：非谓语动词类填空的解答策略
1. 判断非谓语动词形式的基本原则
逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主谓关系（或称主动关系）时，用v.－ing形式；如果是
如何判断主被动
动宾关系（或称被动关系）时用 v. －ed形式。
非谓语动词表示主动、正在进行，用 v. －ing形式，有时同时表主动进行，有时仅
表主动、仅表进行；表示已经完成、被动的动作，用 v. －ed形式，有时同时表被
如何判断时间先后
动完成，有时仅表被动、仅表完成；表示将来发生的动作或动作的全过程，用不定
式to do形式。
动词变为-ing分词的基本规则：
1. 动词以单个 e结尾，去掉 e，加-ing；动词以ee结尾，则直接加-ing，如：like-liking; make-making;write-writing；agree-agreeing; see-seeing, etc.
2.动词为单音节：以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾，辅音字母双写, 再加-ing，如：set→setting, get-
getting, swim→swimming, put→putting, run→running
3.动词为双音节或者多音节：最后一个音节为重读音节, 以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾, 辅音字母
双写, 再加-ing; 如：begin→beginning, forget→forgetting, prefer→preferring
4.以ie结尾的变成y再加ing。如die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying
动词的ing形式：
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
从结构上看, 过去分词要比现在分词简单得多, 因为过去分词只有一种形式, 直接在动词后面加-ed。它
既没有完成式, 也没有被动式。而动词的不规则变化则是考查的重点，需要学生认真记忆。
实例印证：
1. (2020年新高考全国英语I卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模
拟) and imagine 42 (themselves) living at a different time in history or 43 (walk) through a
rainforest.
【答案】walking
【解析】考查动名词。根据句子结构判断，此空和前面的 living是imagine后面并列的宾语。imagine sb.
doing ...是固定用法。故填walking。
2. (2020 年新高考全国英语 II 卷) These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own
websites or for second and third graders 5 6 (begin) computer classes.
【答案】to begin
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站，或者二三年级学生开始上计
算机课，这些都不是什么新鲜事。本题为“It is+adj.+for sb to do sth”句式，所以填to begin。
3. (2021年新高考全国英语乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become
61 (educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often
provides money for conservation and benefits the 6 2 (development) of the local areas.
【答案】educated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，所填的词做表语。由于educate和the traveler之间存在逻辑
上的动宾关系，故用动词-ed形式。
2. 判断非谓语动词的方法
(1)非谓语动词作状语现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)，也
就是说，现在分词是句子主语发出的另一个主动动作。句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词
(done)，也就是说，现在分词是句子主语发出的另一个被动动作。
实例印证：
1. (2023年新高考全国英语甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America, 44 (where) all life
seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, 45 (borrow) some familiar words
from many age-old fables.
【答案】borrowing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围
的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中
已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作
状语。故填borrowing。
2. (2020·山东高考模拟卷) ________ (follow) by a wedding photographer, the couple made a surprise visit to the
hospital before heading to the reception.
【答案】Followed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在婚礼摄影师的跟随下，这对夫妇在前往招待会之前突然造访了医院。
分析句子结构可知，句中已经有谓语动词made，句子主语the couple与follow之间是被动关系，故用过去
分词Followed作状语。
(2)不定式作状语
不定式作状语可以：
①表示目的，相当于in order to或so as to。in order to像to一样可放在句中或句首, 但so as to只能置
于在句中。
②表示结果：only to do sth为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，v.－ing作状语表示自然而然
的结果。不定式用于以下结构中可作状语, 表示结果, 如so…as to…；such…as to…；enough to…；only
to…以及too…to。
③形容词或过去分词作表语时，后接不定式作状语。有少数表示心情或倾向的形容词, 用于too…to结
构不表示”太……而不能……”, 却有肯定意义。常见的有：glad, ready, pleased, willing, anxious, happy,
satisfied等。
④“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”句式，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
⑤作独立成分或固定搭配, 常见的有To tell the truth, To be frank, To be honest, To begin with等, —般用
于句首。实例印证：
1. (2022 年新高考全国英语乙卷) 68 (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event
included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 (invite) twenty-nine tea
professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
【答案】To strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公众宣传活
动, ......结合句意可知，此处需用不定式做状语，表目的，另外用在句首，首字母应该大写。故填To
strengthen。
2. (2021年新高考全国英语II卷) I decided to do something 5 8 (educate) people about this problem.
【答案】to educate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构可知，______
(educate) people about this problem用做目的状语，所以用动词不定式。
3. (2020 年新高考全国英语 I 卷) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66
(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号上的仪器来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆地的地
区。该句主句为Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4; _____ find and study areas
of the South Pole－Aitken basin用作非谓语动词，用动词不定式在句中作目的状语。故填to find。
(3)非谓语动词作定语
现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式作定语的区别：
(1)现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行；若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done 结构。
(2)过去分词作定语表示被动、完成。
(3)不定式作后置定语表示动作尚未发生。
注意：
①表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”，修饰表物的名词；做表语时，主语是表
物的名词；动词－ed形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，修饰表人的名词；做表语时，主语是表人
的名词；也可修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice, eyes等名词。
②不定式作后置定语的两种情况：
a.由序数词、the only, the last, the next或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作后置定语。
Henry was the last student to leave the classroom yesterday.
b.当被修饰的名词是ability, attempt, chance, desire, plan, need, intention, way, wish等词时，常用不定式后置定语。这一点可以从这些词的动词意义去把握，它们的动词形式常用不定式做宾语。
Hilary was very lucky to gain the good opportunity to go to the airport to meet the football stars.
实例印证：
1.(2023年新高考全国英语甲卷) Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 46 (intend) for
everyone.
【答案】intended
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be
intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，和前面的名词是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。
故填intended。
2.(2023年新高考全国英语乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 6 1 (to) royal palaces,
it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully
62 (build) system of ring roads.
【答案】built
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史
的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，
表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
3.(2022年新高考全国英语II卷) When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳
台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 56
(fall) child.
【答案】falling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已经出现了谓语动词 held out，所以此处用非谓语形式。中心词child与
fall之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式做定语。故用falling。
4.(2022 年新高考全国英语甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to
Xi’an, as a first step 6 1 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【答案】to journey
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，一位来自北京的视力障碍男子徒步40天来到西安，作为徒步走完
一带一路的第一步。分析句子结构可知，所填的词作定语修饰名词step，由序数词、the only, the last, the
next或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作后置定语，所以此空用动词不定式。故填to journey。
(4)非谓语动词作宾语
①只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
a.动词＋不定式作宾语, 这类动词有：afford, agree, begin, choose, decide, demand, expect, hope, learn, long,manage, pretend, promise, refuse, try, want等。
b.动词＋疑问词＋不定式作宾语。这类动词有：decide, find out, know, learn, remember, think, see, wonder等。
c.动词＋间接宾语＋疑问词＋不定式。这类动词基本是可带双宾语的动词。如：show, teach, advise, tell,
inform等。
d.动词＋形式宾语it＋宾补＋不定式（宾语）。常用的动词有：find, think, consider, feel, make等。
**介词but, except后可接不定式作宾语。如果句中谓语或非谓语部分含有动词do, 则不定式的to可省略。
如果没有，则不能省略。
记忆口诀：三个希望两答应(hope, wish, expect, agree, promise)；两个要求莫拒绝(demand, ask, refuse)；
设法学会做决定(manage, learn, decide/determine)；不要假装在选择(pretend, choose/select)；打算提出俩计
划(intend, offer, plan, mean)；申请失败负担起(apply, fail, afford)；准备愿望也碰巧(prepare, desire,
happen)。
②动词ing形式可以作宾语和介词宾语。
动词-ing形式作宾语通常是在某些动词后。常见的有：mind (介意), suggest (建议), enjoy (欣赏, 喜欢),
admit (承认), appreciate (感激, 欣赏), avoid (避免), delay (推迟), dislike (不喜欢, 厌恶), escape (逃脱),
finish (完成), forgive (宽恕), imagine (想象), keep (保持), miss (错过), practice (训练), resist (抵抗, 抵制),
risk (冒险), deny (拒绝, 否认), consider (考虑)等。
记忆口诀：喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)；不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help, give up, risk)；
感激承认很值得(appreciate, admit, be worth)；介意想象莫推延(mind, imagine, delay, put off)；允许完成又
期望(allow, permit, finish, look forward to)；建议继续勤操练(suggest, go on, practise)；致力原谅要坚持(be
devoted to, excuse, insist on)；继续成功莫错过(keep on, succeed in, miss)。
实例印证：
1. (2023年新高考全国英语I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether 37 (bite) a small hole in it first,
releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 38 (or) to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the
hot soup explode on your tongue.
【答案】to bite
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个
小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面
to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
2. (2023年新高考全国英语乙卷) As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 6 8 (record) everything
I discovered.
【答案】recording【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in)
doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。
3. (2021年新高考全国英语甲卷) After 64 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment
at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what 65 (better) than to ride on a piece of
history!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。前面的“After”是介词，介词后面用动词-ing形式做宾语。
4. (2021年新高考全国英语乙卷) 69 (Activities) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and
accommodations aim 7 0 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动范围从观鲸到徒步旅行，住宿的目的是降低对自然环境的影
响。aim to do sth意这“旨在做某事”，常接不定式做宾语。故填to have。
(5)非谓语动词作宾语补足语
a.下列动词常用带to的不定式作宾语补足语：advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command,
consider, declare, drive, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hire, instruct, invite, judge, know, like, order,
permit等。
b.下列动词常用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语(主动语态中)：使役动词(make, let, have)；感官动词(see,
watch, observe, hear, notice)等。
c.过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成：常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有：have, make, get, find,
see, notice, watch, hear, feel, want, like等。
d.现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行：常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语有 feel, find, hear, notice,
observe, see, watch, get, have, keep, leave, send, set, listen to, look at等。
实例印证：
1. (2023年新高考全国英语I卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 41
(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 4 2 (their) contents.
【答案】to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，
而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定
式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的
被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
2. (2023 年新高考全国英语 I 卷) Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60(astonish).
【答案】astonished
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补
足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词astonished，表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填
astonished。
3. (2020·浙江1月卷) Something significant is happening to the world population—it is aging. The median (中位
数的) age of an American in 1950 56 (was) 30—today it is 41 and is expected 57 (increase) to 42 by
2050.
【答案】to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is expected，且不是并列谓语，故此处考查
的是非谓语动词。固定表达 be expected to do sth 表示“被期望做某事”，不定式作补足语。故填 to
increase。
4. (2020·高考英语全国卷Ⅱ) They make great gifts and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去
分词作宾语补足语。
二、真题回顾
(2023年全国甲卷英语真题)
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 41 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables
were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 42 (six)
century, B.C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 43 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for
Tomorrow”.
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at
children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4 4 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with
is surroundings,” her fable begins, 45 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind thesimple style, however, is a serious message 4 6 (intend) for everyone.
47 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She
warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 4 8
saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is
a more weighty 49 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has
been passed down through the ages can still 5 0 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【答案】41. to teach 42. sixth 43. as 44. where 45. borrowing 46. intended 47.
Different 48. for 49. warning 50. be employed
【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
41. 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表
达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
42. 考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前 6世
纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
43. 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价
值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
44. 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境
一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词
为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
45. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环
境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有
谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。
故填borrowing。
46. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for
打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
47. 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from
与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
48. 考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take
responsibility for对……负责。故填for。
49. 考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
50. 考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重
要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后
接动词原形。故填be employed。
(2022年全国甲卷英语真题)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 61
(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 6 2 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car
accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International
Cooperation 63 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient
Silk Road. 6 4 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 6 5 (protect). Cao
believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000
plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years, Cao 6 7 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the
top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 6 8 (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,700
kilometers 6 9 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 7 0 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】61.to journey 62.who 63.held 64.A 65.protection 66.meaningful 67.has walked 68.highest
69.from 70.planning
【详解】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是失明男子曹晟康徒步旅行并沿途做环保的经历。
61.to journey 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词作定语修饰名词step，所以用动词不定式,故
填to journey。
62.who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知。此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是Cao Shengkang，关系
词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以填who。
63.held 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。hold和the Belt and Road
Forum for International Cooperation有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词-ed形式作定语。
64.A 考查冠词。根据空格后的“friend of his”可知，此处指“他的一个朋友”，所以用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头且空格位于句首，首字母大写，故填A。
65.protection 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词作宾语，所以用名词形式，故填protection。
66.meaningful 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处为“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，此处用形容词
作宾语补足语，故填meaningful。
67.has walked 考查时态。根据时间状语“In the last five years”可知，句子要用现在完成时，故填has
walked。
68.highest 考查形容词最高级。根据“Africa’s”可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山，所以填
highest。
69.from 考查介词。表示“从……到……”要用from...to...。
70.planning 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。plan与主语He为逻辑
上的主谓关系，所以用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
三、最新模拟试题
(1)
(2023秋·浙江金华·高三浙江金华第一中学校考阶段练习)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或
括号内单词的正确形式。
On September 23, the opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou, east China’s Zhejiang
province, 1 (offer) the spectators (观众) from the world a Chinese-style romance integrating the ancient
civilization and hi-tech elements.
The Hangzhou Asian Games opening ceremony was a feast 2 the senses, with stunning visuals,
innovative performances, 3 a moving tribute (致敬) to the history and culture of Asia. It not only celebrated
the gathering of athletes from the continent but also demonstrated China’s 4 (commit) to embracing
sustainability with advanced technology.
“It is 5 unique opening ceremony, featuring a breathtaking light show as its centerpiece,” said The Times
of India, adding that this 6 (future) show was to integrate artificial intelligence and eco-friendly technology,
7 (set) the stage for an unforgettable Asian Games experience.
With the aim of green Asian Games, traditional fireworks 8 (replace) with digital forms that used the
latest imaging technology. This 9 (absent) of “real fireworks” was filled with electronic flash and 3D
animations. The atmosphere at the opening ceremony reached the highlight when the digital torchbearer ignited the
main cauldron (主火炬台), 1 0 marked a historic moment in the Asian Games’ history.(2)
(2023·浙江杭州·浙江省杭州第二中学校考模拟预测)
Over the past 40 years, Du Dejian has received numerous visitors at the library 1 he established in his
home in Zhangfang village of Yongji, Shanxi province.
Du, a rural teacher, 2 (decide) to build a library in the village when he noticed 3 range of
difficulties his neighbors encountered as a result of limited knowledge during the planting season around 1980.
With support from his family, Du bought books, newspapers and magazines, mainly 4 agriculture. There
weren’t as many visitors as 5 (expect) at the beginning. At that time, residents thought 6 (they) to be
experienced in farming, so they wouldn’t read books.
To attract them, he began to send newspapers to the residents’ homes and offer them an 7 (explain)
about the great power of technology. Gradually, more people became loyal readers in Du’s library. Besides, more
than 700 agricultural, technology training courses 8 (present) over the past decades since the library opened.
In recent years, with the development the Internet, the library has seen fewer readers. Du began to try new
methods 9 (spread) knowledge. He set up a WeChat group and sends agricultural information to the residents,
helping them farm more 10 (scientific).
(3)
(2023秋·江苏连云港·高三校联考阶段练习)
Quyi is a general term for all kinds of talking and singing arts in China. It originated from oral literature, the
talking and singing performances of ancient people. It refers 1 (primary) to storytelling, accompanied by body
movements. There are many different types of quyi-performance in China, such as comic dialogues, degu, pingshu
and shuanghuang, among 2 the crosstalk is most popular,
The crosstalk, also 3 (know) as xiangsheng in Chinese, a kind of folk art with “comic” dialogues
began as 4 form of Street performance and is generally thought to have taken form in the late Qing Dynasty,
particularly during the rule of the Xianfeng Emperor and the Tongzhi Emperor in the mid-1800s.
The crosstalk realizes 5 (it) artistic presentation by means of imitation, talking, teasing, and singing. The
jokes 6 (hide) in the baofu, or “package”. When the right time comes, they are suddenly spilled out, just like
the funny stuff being thrown out of a carefully, wrapped package, thus unexpectedly but logically with a second
thought, 7 (cause) the audience to laugh. Most of the crosstalk 8 (story) come from daily life. Others
are based on folk jokes, historic legends, events and word games. The stage props (道具) are quite simple: a fan, ahandkerchief 9 a table will be adequate. Normally, a crosstalk performance is done by two people. Up to now,
the crosstalk has become a nationwide 10 (entertain) loved by different walks of people.
(4)
(2023秋·江苏南京·高三南京市中华中学校考阶段练习)
The project 1 (launch) as Beijing’s urban renewal entered a stage 2 massive demolition (拆除) and
reconstruction gave way to small-scale “regeneration” projects.
“We hope to upgrade the public spaces of Beijing’s old city, increase residents’ participation in community
governance 3 contribute to the improvement of the city’s environment and culture,” Hou said. Along one
section of Chongyong Street, a 4 (historic) significant street in central Beijing, Hou and her team have built
5 microgardens consisting of more than 6,000 plants.
In addition to plants, the gardens also have art installations 6 (feature) elements of Beijing’s local culture
such as kites and tanghulu, 7 traditional candied fruit snack.
Hou’s team has set up gardening organizations in some residential communities 8 (teach) local residents
how to garden. Hou said the project is an innovative way to revive the old hutongs with creative horticulture (园艺)
and will contribute to the overall protection of Beijing’s old city, which has one of the world’s most remarkable 9
(collect) of palaces, temples, squares, markets, streets, city walls and towers, built over the course of China’s last
three imperial dynasties.
This project reflects the increasing importance 10 (attach) to cultural heritage protection in recent years.
(5)
(2023·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考三模)
The 10th anniversary of the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 1 (mark) by academics and
officials on Monday, with the launch of a scholarly book, Walk Along the Road: Ten Years of BRI, intended 2
readers in Malaysia to learn about the BRI from multiple 3 (perspective).
Ouyang Yujing, Chinese Ambassador to Malaysia, 4 (address) the event, saying that the publication of
this book was right on time. Since 2013, China has been sticking to principles of joint contribution and shared
benefits, working together to advance further cooperation in 5 (emerge) industries. In the past few years,
6 increasing number of Chinese companies have been investing in Malaysia, especially in e-commerce, digital
economy cooperation 7 green development.
The ambassador cited two flagship projects—the “Two Countries, Twin Parks” and the East Coast Rail Link,both of 8 have brought economic benefits and created jobs in Malaysia.
Liow Tiong Lai, co-organizer of the anniversary, thanked the scholars for making a great wealth of
information on the BRI 9 (access) to the Malaysia public. “It is of vital importance to get this information
easy 10 (understand) and obtainable for the public.” he said, adding he looked forward to seeing more
cooperation between Malaysia and China in diverse fields.
(6)
(2023秋·湖北武汉·高三武钢三中校考阶段练习)
Nowadays, the Internet is changing the way people learn languages. There is still no way to avoid the hard
work through vocabulary lists and grammar rules, but since the birth of the Internet, books, tapes and even CDs 1
(replace) by email, video chat and social networks.
Livemocha, a Seattle-based company, has created a website helping people learn more than 38 languages by
exchanging messages over the Internet and then 2 (correct) each other’s messages. The lessons, whatever
form they are 3 , are delivered online.
The CEO of Livemocha says the website’s advantage is the context 4 you may practice speaking with a
real person. “The great irony is that even if you have learned a foreign language in the classroom for years, you are
not confident 5 (go) into a restaurant, striking up a conversation,” he said. The casual 6 (connect) with
real people throughout the world are not just fun and surprising but reveal more about 7 the language is really
used.
Livemocha is now experimenting with many ways that resemble the games 8 (find) on other social
websites to motivate people. Besides, each person can set up a profile 9 includes a short self-description and
what language he or she would like to learn. Therefore, if you want to learn one language, you will 10 (easy)
find many people fluent in this language. And it becomes less challenging to find a study partner. An email or two
is all it takes.
(7)
(2023·广东东莞·东莞实验中学校考一模)
Xinjiang’s Hotan-Ruoqiang Railway (referred to as the Heruo Railway), 1 “last kilometer” of the world’s
first desert railway loop (环形) line, 2 (put) into operation on June 16, 2022, with a design speed of 120
kilometers per hour.
With a total 3 (long) of 825 kilometers, the Heruo Railway stretches 4 Hotan city in the west toRuoqiang county in the east. Travel time between the two terminuses (终点站) can be cut to 11 hours and 26
minutes.
Now with the 2,712-kilometer-long closed railway loop around the Taklamakan Desert, millions of locals and
visitors now are able 5 (travel) through the desert more easily. Additionally, the 6 (recent) opened track
has also improved local transportation conditions, with six freight (货运) and passenger stations, eleven passenger
stations 7 five stations for technical use. Xinjiang-grown crops may now be delivered through the railway
line, instead of taking days by trucks.
The Heruo Railway has become one of the key international passageways, 8 connect China’s western
hinterland (内陆) to South Asia, Central and West Asia as a regional trunk line in central and western China. The
greatly 9 (improve) transportation has boosted southern Xinjiang’s economic and social development. It is
important for ensuring harmony and 10 (promote) rural revitalization (振兴).
(8)
(2023秋·广东湛江·高三湛江市第二中学校考阶段练习)
June 8 is Best Friends Day, a day to celebrate your best friends and let them know how important they are to
you.
Best friends are the most understanding and thoughtful, 1 are most in tune with you! They are just the
friends that you can laugh 2 and call up at any time of the day. They are there for you in all of your good and
bad 3 (moment), and they support you, validate all your good decisions and stop you 4 (make) wrong
ones. In other words, without best friends, life would be very 5 (hope) indeed.
Whether you grew up with them 6 met them later in your life, let your best friends know that they 7
(value) on Best Friends Day. On this friendly holiday, you can thank your best friends for being in your life by
doing something special for them. You can send them a special gift basket full of things they like by 8 (you)
or treat them to their favorite dessert 9 (sincere). If you and your best friends don't live in the same city, call
them or send them a note letting them know how much you miss them. Better yet, why not manage 10 (pay)
a surprise visit? They would love to see you, and you can spend the day with your favorite persons in the world!
