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专题25介词(知识清单)(教师版)_高考一二三轮复习_英语_2026年_2026年高考英语一轮复习讲义+练习+课件(新教材新高考)-G55_2026版_知识清单

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专题25 介词(短语)
目录
01 知识脑图·学科框架速建
02 考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读01】介词分类
【知能解读02】介词短语句法功能
【知能解读03】介词against 用法
【知能解读04】介词by 用法
【知能解读05】介词with 用法
【知能解读06】介词for 用法
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】时间介词用法
【重难点突破02】方位介词用法
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】方式介词的用法
【易混易错02】原因介词的用法
【易混易错03】“除了”介词的用法
【易混易错04】“介词+名词”归纳
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【用法拓展01】易混介词短语
01 介词分类
02 介词短语句法功能
句法功能
例句
作定语
They didn’t find the solution to the problem.
作状语
We have breakfast at seven.(表时间)
They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因)
What do you mean by doing such a thing?(表方法)
Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(表条件)
作表语
When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.
作宾语
I found the old building in a bad condition.
03 介词against 用法
1.反对(反义词for)
Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢?
There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有20 票赞成他,12 票反对他。
2.违背,违抗,违反
What you have done is against the law. 所做的事情是违法的。
Jane married Jack against her own will. 简与杰克结婚,违背了自己的意愿。
3.紧靠;倚
Place the ladder against the wall. 把梯子靠在墙上。
The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。
He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。
4.迎着;逆着
You should fly your kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。
We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind 表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。
5.撞击,碰着
The rain was beating against the windows. 雨点拍打着窗户。
Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上。
6.映衬;相映;对照
The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。
The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。
7.不利于 
 an evidence against him 一个对他不利的证据
04 介词by 用法
1.表示时间
by +将来时间 :表示“到……末尾为止,在……之前”,主句时态通常用一般将来时。by+过去时间:表
示“在……期间,到……时候为止”,主句时态通常用过去完成时。
We will finish the task by the end of this month. 我们将在本月底完成这项任务。
By the time the movie started, I had already finished my homework. 电影开始的时候,我已经做完作业了。
2.表示通过方式或手段
by+交通工具:表示出行方式,如by car 乘车、by bike 骑自行车等。by doing sth:表示做某事的方式或手
段。
He went to work by bus. 他乘公共汽车去上班。
We can learn English by listening to songs. 我们可以通过听歌学英语。
3.表示方位
by 意为“靠近,在……旁边”或“沿着”。
She stood by the window.她站在窗户旁边。
We walked by the lake. 我们沿着湖边走。
4.表示被动
用于引导动作执行者,表示被动He was knocked down by a bus.他被公共汽车撞倒了。
I was frightened by the noise.我被那响声吓坏了。
5.表示原因,含有“因为,由于”之意
by 表示原因,含有“因为,由于”之意。by mistake 由于疏忽,无意中;by chance/accident 碰巧地、偶
然地。
I took your umbrella by mistake. 我误拿了你的雨伞。
They met by chance.他们不期而遇。
6.表示程度、数量
by 与动词increase, reduce, surpass, go by 等连用,表示程度、数量增减。
The bullet missed him by two inches.子弹只差两英寸就击中他了。
House prices went up by 10%.房价上涨了10%。
7.表示时间或量度单位例
by +the +hour/metere/yard/表示“按……计算”。
They're paid by the hour.他们的报酬是按小时计算的。
We only sell it by the metre.我们只按米出售。
8.表示乘除运算
6 multiplied by 2 equals 12.6 乘以2 等于12。
6 divided by 2 equals 3.6 除以2 等于3。
9.表示肢体接触
“by+身体部位名词或衣服名词”表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分。
Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。
The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。
10.用于固定搭配
常用的固定搭配by means of 用……方法,by hand 手工地,by heart 熟记,牢记,by oneself 独自地,单
独地;day by day 一天天地,little by little 渐渐;逐渐地。
He supported himself by means of a nearby post. 他倚在旁边的子上。
The fabric was painted by hand. 这个织品是手染的。
His English is improving little by little. 他的英语正在逐步提高。
05 介词with 用法
1. 表示伴随
with 用来描述伴随的人或物。
I went to the party with my friend.我和我的朋友一起去参加了派对。
2. 表示工具或手段
with 用来描述进行某项活动时所使用的工具或手段。
He cut the bread with a knife. 他用刀切面包。
3.表示特征或状态
with 用来描述某物的特征、外观或状态,
A house with a red roof.一个带有红色屋顶的房子。
4. 表示因果关系
with 用来表示某种情况的原因或条件。
He was trembling
 
   with
 
   fear
 
 .他因害怕而颤抖。
5. 表示关系
with 用来描述事物之间的关系或相互作用。
She has a good relationship with her boss.她与她的老板关系很好。
6. 表示方法或方式
with 用来描述进行某事的方法。
She solved the problem with
 
   ease
 
 .她轻松地解决了这个问题。
7. 表示支持或反对
with 用来表示同意或反对某事。
Are you with me on this decision? 你支持我的这个决定吗?
8.表示时间
with 用来描述时间相关的情况。
With
 
   winter
 
   coming
 
 , the days are getting shorter.随着冬天的到来,白天变得越来越短。
9.表示妥协或对比
with 用来描述在不同条件下的对比或妥协。
With
 
   all
    her
    faults
 
 , I still like her.尽管她有很多缺点,我还是喜欢她。
10.用于with 复合宾语结构:
with 用于复合宾语结构,在句中作定语或状语。
With tears rolling down her cheeks, the girl stared at the broken vase. 泪水顺着脸颊滑落,女孩盯着破碎的花瓶。
With his favorite toy broken, little Tom buried his face in the pillow. 心爱的玩具坏了,小汤姆把脸埋进枕头里。
 
06 介词for 用法
1.因为;由于
Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。
For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于种种原因,我宁愿不见她。
2.(表示目的地或方向)向;前往
They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。
Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗?
3.支持;赞成(反义词against)
Are you for or against the plan?你是支持还是反对这个计划?
4.就…而言;相对…来说(表示相对来说不寻常)
He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手,他干得很好。
5.对于;至于;关于
It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.对他来说,偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。
6.(表示时间、距离、数量)持续,达
For a few minutes she sat on her bed watching the clock..她坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。
7.(表示目的或功能)为了;用于
They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。
8. (与不定式连用引出逻辑上的主语)
It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。
9.用于一些短语中
for good 永远地, for short 简称, for the first time 第一次, for the sake of…为了…, word for word 逐
字逐句地, for fear that +从句,唯恐, for example 例如, except for…除了, leave for…动身去, prepare for
准备stand for 代表
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词。
1.The ladder leaned ___________ the tree beside the house.
2.They communicated  ___________ sending letters before the internet.
3.I sold my old bike  ___________ 50 dollars yesterday.
4.The girl  ___________ long hair is my classmate from London.
5.The city was founded  ___________ settlers in the early 19th century.
【答案】
1. against  2. by 3. for 4. with 5. by
01 时间介词用法
1.表示时间的介词at, on, in
①at 表示在某一时刻或时间点。
at 8 a.m.。at dawn, at dusk, at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the moment, at Christmas, 
at New Year 等。
②on 指具体的或特定的日子。
on Monday, on Christmas Eve, on May Day, on a warm morning, on September 12th, on that day 等。
③in 表示在某段时间内,如:年、月、日、周、季节、上午、下午等。
in the morning/afternoon/evening, in October, in 2008, in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future, in 
five days 等。
2.表示时间的for, since 与from
①for 后接时间段的名词词组,表示行为状态持续了多久。如:
Mr. Brown lived in that little village for nearly thirty years. 布朗先生在那个小山村住了差不多30 年。
②since 后接过去某一时间点,表示“自从……以来”,常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时连用。如:
We haven’t seen each other since 2005. 自从2005 年以来,我们彼此没见过面。
③from“自……起”,可与多种时态连用。如:
The museum is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day. 博物馆每天从上午 9 点开放到下午 5 点。
They are working from dawn to dusk to meet the deadline. 他们正从早到晚工作以赶在截止日期前完成。
3.表示时间的in 与after
①in+时间段,一般用于将来时。如:We will be back in three days. 我们将在3 天后回来。
②after+时间段,一般用于过去时。如:After two months, he returned. 两个月后,他回来了。
注意:after+时间点,可用于过去时和将来时。如:
The meeting ended, and after
 
   an
    hour
 
 , everyone left. 会议结束了,一个小时后,所有人都离开了。
My father will be back from abroad in    three
 
   days
 
 . 我父亲3 天后从国外回来。
4.表示时间的before, by, till/until, beyond
①before 的用法:before “早于;在……之前”。如:
The new road will be completed before the end of the year.这条新道路将在年底以前建成。
②by 的用法:表示“不迟于……”;表示“在……时间内”。如:
All of you are to arrive at school by seven o'clock.你们所有人必须在7 点钟前到校。
He worked by night and slept by day.他晚上工作,白天睡觉。
③until 和 till 的用法:
until 是比较正式的用法。在肯定句中和延续性动词连用,表示动作一直持续到 until 后面的时间为止;在
否定句中和非延续性动词连用,表示该动作直到 until 后面的时间才开始。till 意义与 until 相同。如:
He works from morning till night, day after day.他日复一日从早工作到晚。
④表示“(时间)过了,比……晚,迟于” 。如:
It won't go on beyond midnight. 这事不会延续到午夜以后。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词。
1.          her return, their reunion after a long separation brought mixed feelings of joy and sorrow (悲喜交加) 
to them both. 
1. On/Upon
解析:考查介词。句意:在她回来时,他们久别重逢,心中悲喜交加。分析句子可知,这里考查“ on/upon 
+ 名词/动名词”可表示“在……时;一……就……”,强调某个动作或事件发生的时间点,on/upon her 
return,意为“在她回来时”,符合语境,且句首时首字母应大写。故填On 或Upon。
2. This shop will be closed for repairs          further notice. 
2. until
解析:考查介词。句意:这家商店将关门进行维修,直至另行通知为止。根据further notice 可知,此处表
示直到另行通知,空处应用介词until。故填until。
3. The train leaves         6:00 pm, so I have to be at the station         5:30 pm. 
3. at,before/by
解析:考查介词。句意:火车下午6 点离开,所以我必须在下午5 点半之前到达车站。第一空表示
“在……几点钟”,用介词at;第二空介词before/by (在……以前)均可。故填①at ②before/by。
4. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then even though he’s _______ his nineties.
4. in
解析:考查介词。in his nineties 意为“在他九十多岁”,再根据句意可知填in。
5. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept          the late 1980s. During that time, increasing 
environmental awareness made it desirable. 
5. until
解析:考查介词。直到20 世纪80 年代晚期,它才被广泛认可为一种旅行概念。在那段时间里,越来越多
的环境意识使它成为可取的。not…until 直到…才为固定搭配。故填until。
6. You had better take my advice and think carefully          jumping in with both feet. 
6. before
解析:考查介词。句意:你最好接受我的建议,认真考虑后再贸然行动。结合语境表示“在……之前”应
用before。故填before。
7. One cup of coffee          the late afternoon or evening will cause them to stay awake almost all night. 
7. in
解析:考查介词。句意:在下午晚些时候或晚上喝一杯咖啡会让他们几乎整晚都保持清醒。in the late 
afternoon 为固定搭配,意为“在傍晚”。故填in。
8. First celebrated         1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
8. in
解析:考查介词。句意:1970 年首次庆祝该节日,现在190 多个国家和地区都有庆祝活动。年份1970 前
面应该加介词in。故填in。
9._______ mid-March to mid-April every year, it is the best time to enjoy the beautiful cherry blossoms. 
9. From
解析:考查介词。句意:每年的三月中旬到四月中旬,是观赏漂亮樱花的最好时节。from...to...表示"从……
到……",符合句意。该空位于句首,注意首字母要大写,故填From。
10. Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s ________ the visiting hours.
10. beyond
解析:考查介词。句意:对不起, 女士, 你最好明天来, 因为已经过了开放期了。beyond:(时间)晚于, 迟
于。故填beyond。
02 方位介词用法
1.表示方位的介词in, on, to, off
四个词都可表示两地之间的方位关系。in 表示在某范围之内;to 表示在某范围之外;on 表示“毗邻”
“接壤”;off 则强调两地间隔着一小段距离。如:
Guangdong is in    the
    south
 
   of
    China. 广东省在中国的南部。
North Korea lies on the east of China. 朝鲜与中国的东部接壤。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东方。
There are some small islands off the southeast coast of China. 在中国东南沿海附近有一些小岛。
2.表示地点的介词at, in, on 
at 表示在相对较小的地方;可用于门牌号码前;in 表示在相对较大的地方,表示在某物的里面;on 表示在物
体表面。
My uncle lives at 105 Green Street. 我叔叔住在格林大街 105 号。
He arrived
 
   in    Beijing on Wednesday. 他星期三到达了北京。
The cup is on the table. 杯子在桌子上。
3.表示穿越的介词through, across 与over
through 指从内部穿过;across 则指表面上的横穿;over 指从上方过去、跨越。如:
He walked across the field. 他走过田地。
The horse jumped over the fence. 马跳过了栅栏。
They were suddenly plunged into darkness as the train went 
through a tunnel. 火车穿过隧道,他们顿时陷入黑暗之中。
4.表示在……之间的介词between 和among
①between 一般表示两者之间;有时虽然是三个以上的人或事物,
但如果强调两两相互间的关系,仍用between。
You are to sit between your father and me. 你就坐在我和你父亲之间吧。
②among 多表示“在……之间(指三者或三者以上,或笼统的一群人或一些物之间)”。
I found the letter among his papers. 我在他的文件中找到了这封信。
The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd. 那个女孩很快就消失在人群之中。
Agreements were made between the different countries. 不同国家之间达成了协议。
5.表示上下的介词above, below, over, under, on, beneath 
above 在某物的斜上方;below 在某物的斜下方;over 在某物的正上方;under 在某物的正下方;on 在某
物的上面(两者接触);beneath 在某物的下面(两者接触)
We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。
Please do not write below this line. 请不要写到这条线下面。
She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她给熟睡的孩子盖上毯
子。 
The dog squeezed under the gate and ran into the road.
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词。
1. My newly-bought apartment is comfortable to live         . 
1. in
解析:考查介词。句意:我新买的公寓住起来很舒适。住在某地应用介词in,即live in,表示“住在……
里”,符合题意。故填in。
2. We have to achieve a balance        environmental protection and economic development. 
2. between
解析:考查介词。句意:我们必须在环境保护和经济发展之间取得平衡。根据语境可知,此处使用介词
between“在……之间,介于……之间”。a balance between... and...“在……和……之间的平衡”。故填
between。
3. Sean has formed the habit of jogging         the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. 
3. along
解析:考查介词。句意:肖恩已经养成了每天沿着林荫道慢跑两小时的习惯。根据句意和句子结构,设空
处应用介词along,意为“沿着”,介词短语作状语。故填along。
4. At last I felt convinced that I was again           the wrong track.
4. on
解析:考查介词。句意:最后,我确信自己又走错了路。on the wrong track 意为“在错误的道路上”,是
固定搭配。故填on。
5. If I were you, I would drop in      the department store on my way there this afternoon. 
5. at
解析:考查介词。句意:如果我是你,今天下午我会在去那儿的路上顺便去一下百货公司。固定短语drop 
in at sp“ 顺便拜访某地”。故填at。
6. The new railway winds its way to Jieyang, over mountains, __________tunnels and _______ rivers. 
6. through, across
解析:考查介词。解析: 句意:这条新铁路越过群山,穿过隧道,跨过河流,蜿蜒到揭阳。through 表示从物体内
部通过,across 表示从物体表面横过。故第一空填through,表示"从隧道里面穿过";第二空填across,表示"横穿
河面"。
7. (2017 天津)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _______ trees that are over 
1,000 years old.
7. among
解析:句意:当你开车穿过加利福尼亚的红木森林时,你将会穿梭于超过千年历史的树木之间。be among 
位于……之间。故填among。
8. (四川2007)Some students often listen to music ________ classes to refresh themselves.
8. between
解析:考查介词。句意:一些学生经常课间听音乐来放松自己心情。如果强调两两相互间的关系,仍用
between。,故填between。
9.A great person is always putting others’ interests ________ his own.
9. above
解析:考查介词。意为优秀的人总是把别人的利益置于自己利益之上。above 这里表示“在…之上”。故
填above。
10. When the game ended our coach hit Paul          the shoulder, saying, “you’ve just earned your place on the 
team, big guy!” 
10. on
解析:考查介词。句意:比赛结束时,我们的教练打了保罗的肩膀,说:“你刚刚赢得了球队的位置,大
个子!”分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查介词on,表示“打在某人身上硬的部位”。故填on。
01 方式介词的用法
①by 涉及交通工具的单数名词且该名词前不加冠词和任何修饰语。by 还可以表示"靠……手段,用……方
法,凭借……",后可接名词、代词或动词-ing。
by sea, by water, by land, by air, by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship
You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour. 把鸡蛋与面粉混合,你就可以做出那种蛋糕。
②with 表示"用,使用(某种工具、物品或材料等)"。所接名词前应加冠词或形容词性物主代词。
He sharpened his pencil with a knife.他用小刀削铅笔。
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听,用腿走路。
③in 表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。
He spoke in    a    loud
 
   voice
 
 . 他大声说话。
Please write in    ink
  , not in   pencil
 
 . 请用墨水写,不要用铅笔写。
④on 表示"通过,使用,借助于”媒体工具。
She learns English on
    the
    radio/on
 
   TV.
 
 她通过收音机/电视学英语。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词。
1. It often makes up for bad feelings          helping us recall happy memories of the people, things or places we 
love. 
1. by
解析:考查介词。句意:它常常通过帮助我们回忆我们所爱的人、事物或地方的快乐回忆来弥补不良情绪。
此处表达“通过”帮助回忆快乐记忆来弥补不良情绪,用介词by“通过”符合逻辑。故填by。
2. The artist displayed the splendid waterfall              a unique manner. 
2. in
解析:考查介词。句意:这位艺术家以一种独特的方式展示了壮丽的瀑布。根据句意及空后“a unique 
manner”可知,句中应用in a...manner“以一种……的方式”,为固定搭配。故填in。
3. We are allowed to go into the fields to pick fruit and vegetables,               which we are to make our 
lunch. 
3. with
解析:考查介词。句意:我们被允许去田里摘水果和蔬菜,我们用它们做我们的午餐。分析句子可知,“ 
which we are to make our lunch”是定语从句,修饰fruit and vegetables,根据句意,表示“用”用介词with,
此处为“介词(with)+关系代词(which)”引导的非限制性定语从句。故填with。
4. This bird is easily recognized          its size and the unusual shape of its tail. 
4. by/from
解析:考查介词。句意:从它的体型和不同寻常的尾巴形状很容易就能认出这只鸟。根据空后的“its size 
and the unusual shape of its tail”,这里表示从体型和尾巴形状上进行辨认。from 意为“(表示进行判断的原
因)根据,从……来看”;by 意为“通过”。故填from 或by。
5. We must find a job as soon as possible, for our money is running out        an alarming rate. 
5. at
解析:考查介词。句意:我们必须尽快找到一份工作,因为我们的钱正以惊人的速度快花光了。设空处应
填介词at,介词短语at an alarming rate,意为“以惊人的速度”,在句中作状语。故填at。
6. We are likely to finish the task ahead of time          means of our hard work. 
6. by
解析:考查固定短语。句意:我们很可能会通过我们努力的工作提前完成任务。短语by means of,意为
“用,依靠”,根据句意,故填by。
7. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat        their 
hands.
7. with
解析:考查介词。句意:在亚洲,并非所有地方都使用筷子。例如,在印度,大多数人传统上用手拿饭吃。
with+表示具体工具的名词,with their hands“用手拿饭”。故填with。
8. He had gone out          his parents' permission,which made them very angry.
8. without
解析:考查介词。句意:他没有得到父母的允许就出去了,这使得他们很生气。根据句意可知空处应填
without,意为"在没有…….的情况下"。
9. On a cold night, Li Ming returned home       his hands red with cold. 
9. with
解析:考查介词。句意:在一个寒冷的夜晚,李明回到家时,他的手冻得通红。此处表示伴随状态,用介
词with 表示“带着,伴随”。故填with。
10. The explorers went through the desert on camels and sailed across the narrow channel         ship.
10. by
解析:考查介词。句意:探险家们骑着骆驼穿过沙漠,乘船穿过狭窄的海峡。分析句子可知,此处考查
“乘坐某种交通工具”的表达,结合语意可知,此处意为“乘船”,应用by ship,故空处应填介词by。故
填by。
02 原因介词的用法
介词
用法
例句
for
常与表示闻名、奖罚等意义的形容词或动词连用,如
famous, known, praise, punish 等
Xi'an is famous for its long history.
西安因历史悠久而著名。
at
常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词(如happy, 
pleased, angry, delighted 等)连用,表示产生这种情感
的原因
He was surprised at the news.
听到这个消息他很惊讶。
with
常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的抽象名词连用,强调随
着心理变化而产生的情感变化
He shouted loudly with anger.
他气得大喊大叫。
from
常接抽象名词,表示自然或间接原因
She felt sick from tiredness.
她累得浑身不对劲。
of
多用于表示自身的原因;也常用于某些与情感相关的
形容词后
Her friend died of cancer.
她的朋友死于癌症。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China, and the team won high praise   
 
their bravery and skill. 
1. for
解析:考查介词。句意:这是中国团队第一次在国外工作,因为他们的勇敢和技巧,团队赢得了高度赞扬。
空处表示“因为”,其后为名词短语their bravery and skill 作宾语,应用介词for。故填for。
2. Thanks           the help of Project Hope, he was able to continue his education. 
2. to
解析:考查介词。句意:多亏了希望工程的帮助,他才能继续他的教育。固定短语thanks to 表示“多亏,
由于”,后接名词、代词或动名词,故填to。
3. Some school morning exercises have grown popular online due          their local and special designs.
3. to
解析:考查固定短语。句意:一些学校的早操因其地方性和特殊设计而在网上流行起来。due to 是固定短
语,意为“由于”,表示原因。故填to。
4. After the spacecraft entered its orbit, he began to float in the capsule         lack of sufficient training. 
4. for/through
解析:考查介词。句意:在飞船进入轨道后,由于缺乏足够的训练,他开始在太空舱中漂浮。由句意空处
应填介词for/thorugh,for/through lack of“因缺乏……,由于缺乏……”,固定搭配。故填for/through。
5.         (give) your extensive experience in the field, we are glad to appoint you as our agent. 
5. Given
解析:考查介词。句意:鉴于你们在这一业务范围的丰富经验,我们很高兴指定你们为我们的代理。分析
可知,“________ (give) your extensive experience in the field”为句子的状语,“介词+名词短语”可作状语,
因此所填空应是介词。“give”,动词,意为“给与”,“given”既为其过去分词,也可单独作介词使用,
意为“考虑到;如果,倘若”,“given+名词短语”,意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”,在句中作状语,置于
句首,首字母大写。故填Given。
03 “除了” 介词的用法
介词
用法
例句
besides
“除了……还有”,与in addition to/apart 
from/aside from 同义。
Two others were on duty besides Helen.
除海伦外还有两个人值班。
but
常用在nobody, nothing 等和其他疑问词后面。
短语有do nothing but do; have no choice but to 
do。
All but one student passed the exam.
除了一个学生,所有人都通过了考试。
except
其后的宾语是被排除在外的, 指从整体中除去
一部分,所排除的部分与前面的整体为同类。
Everyone was late except me.
除了我,所有人都迟到了。
except for
except for 后接的词同整体词(主语)不是同类
的,指从整体中除去一个细节。
The room is empty except for a chair.
房间里空荡荡的,只有一把椅子。
other than
other than“除了......之外(都)”,意思相当于 
except, 但常用于否定句。
You can't get there other than by bus.
除了坐公交,你没办法到那里。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词。
1.Everyone attended the meeting __________ John, who was on a business trip.
2.The essay was perfect except __________ a few typos that appeared in the conclusion.
3.He has no hobbies other __________ playing chess on weekends.
4.When the car broke down, we could do nothing __________ wait for help.
5. __________ the friend who has already visited the museum, we need to buy tickets for five more people.
【参考答案】
1. except 2. for 3. than 4. but 5. Besides
04 “介词+名词”归纳
1.at+名词
at war 交战
at ease 自在 
at midnight 在午夜
at dawn 在黎明
at sunset 在日落时分
at Christmas
at present 目前
at length 详细地
2.in+名词
in action 在运转
in progress 在进行 
in operation 在运行中 
in use 开始使用
in sight 看得见 
in store 贮藏着
in trouble 处于困境中
in danger 处于危险中
in need 处于需要中
in order 有序
in public 在公共场合
in private 在私人场合
in detail 详细地
in general 总体来说
in person 亲自
in total 总共
in short 简言之
in turn 依次
in advance 提前
in addition 此外
in case 以防万一
3.on+名词
on foot 步行
on purpose 故意
on sale 打折出售
on fire 着火
on display 展出
on average 平均来说
on guard 在值勤
on strike 在罢工
4.under+名词
under control 在被控制之中 
under discussion 在被讨论中
under observation 在被观察中
under test 在被测试 
 
under construction 在被建设中
underconsideration 在被考虑中 
 under repair 在被修理中
under arrest 被被逮捕中 
under attack 在被袭击中
under pressure 处于压力下
5.beyond+名词
beyond belief 难以置信 
beyond control 无法控制
beyond compare  无可比拟 
beyond description  难以形容
beyond expression  无法表达 
beyond suspicion  无可怀疑
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.We could see the mountain peak __________ sight after hours of hiking.
2.The factory workers are __________ strike for improved working conditions.
3.The hiker was __________ danger when the storm suddenly hit the mountain.
4.He knocked over the cup __________ purpose to get attention.
5.The feeling of standing on the mountain top was __________ description.
6.Her application for the scholarship is still __________ consideration.
7.The wildfire is finally __________ control after days of efforts.
8.They decided to start the hike __________ midnight to watch the meteor shower.
9.She finally felt __________ ease when her friends arrived at the party.
10.She decided to deliver the letter __________ person to express her gratitude.
【参考答案】
1. in 2. on 3. in 4. on 5. beyond 6. under 7. under 8. at 9. at 10. in
01 易混介词短语
1.in the end, at the end of, by the end of
in the end 意为"最后,终于",相当于at last、finally;at the end of 必须后接介词,表示"在……末尾",
可以指时间或地点;by the end of,表示"到……末为止",句子一般要用完成时态。
In the end, they had to move out of the flat. 最后,他们不得不搬出了该公寓。
There is a coffee shop at the end of the street. 街道的尽头有间咖啡馆。
By the end of last month, we had finished the project. 到上个月月底为止,我们已完成了这项工程。
2.of one's own, on one's own
of one's own 属于某人自己的;on one's own 独自地,独立地。
We built a library of our own. 我们建了一个自己的图书馆。
She prefers to do the work on her own. 她更希望独自做这项工作。
3.except for, except that, except what, except when
except for 用于排除整体中的局部例外,前后通常是不同类的事物(整体 + 局部差异); except that
后接从句,从句多完整句子;except what 后接从句,what 引导的从句作宾语;except when 后接时间状语
从句,强调“除了…… 的时间之外”。
Her essay is perfect except for a few spelling mistakes. 她的文章很完美,除了几个拼写错误。
The trip was great except that the hotel was too noisy at night. 这次旅行很棒,除了酒店晚上太吵。
He told me everything except what really happened that day. 他把一切都告诉我了,除了那天实际发生的事情。
The library is open daily except when it’s a public holiday. 图书馆每天开放,除非是公共假期。
4. in front of, in the front of
in front of 在…… 外部的前面(范围外);in the front of 在…… 内部的前面(范围内)。
A little girl is standing in front of the door. 一个小女孩正站在门前面。
The driver sits in the front of the car. 司机坐在汽车的前部。
5. in charge of, in the charge of
in charge of 表示“负责,主管”,in the charge of 表示“由……负责”。
She is in charge of the marketing department. 她负责市场部。
The marketing department is in the charge of her. 市场部由她负责。
6. in possession of, in the possession of
in possession of 表示“拥有”, in the possession of 表示“被……拥有”。
The company is in possession of the latest technology. 这家公司掌握着最新的技术。
The latest technology is in the possession of the company. 最新的技术由这家公司掌握。
【跟踪训练】用上述短语填空。
1.The movie has a surprise twist ______________ the third act.
2. He dreamed of having a business ______________ instead of working for others.
3. He enjoyed the trip ______________ that he got seasick on the boat.
4. I rarely drink coffee______________  I need to stay up late.
5. The company’s daily operations are ______________ his assistant.
6. The land has been ______________ their family for generations.
【答案】
1. at the end of 2. of his own 3. except 4. except when 5. in the charge of  6. in the possession of 
一、单句填空 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2025 浙江1 月卷)Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead    58    
the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes ( 衣柜) or 
contributing to landfill.
1. on/ upon 
解析:考查介词。focus on / upon 是固定搭配,意为“集中(注意力、精力等)于……”。
2. (2025 八省联考卷)The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform     61     the world 
to better understand China, but also promotes language and cultural exchanges in the world. 
2. for
解析:考查介词。句意:联合国中文日不仅为世界提供了一个更好地了解中国的独特平台,而且促进了世
界范围内的语言和文化交流。表示“为某人/某物提供某物”用固定短语provide sth. for sb./sth.,本空用介
词for,符合题意。故填for。
3.(2024 新课标I 卷)The Glasshouse stands    63    a great achievement in contemporary design, to house 
the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route…
3. as
解析:考查介词。句意:Mark Woodruff 补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚
热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到
英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知,空处指的是“作为”,应用介词as。故填as。
4.(2022 新课标I 卷)Giant pandas also serve ___________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a 
host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
4. as 
解析:考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。
固定短语:serve as (充当)。故填as。
5. (2021 浙江1 月卷) The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased __________2.1 
in women and men.
5. by
解析:考查介词。increase by 是固定词组,表示“增加了……”,by 表示数量的变化。
6. (2020 全国II 卷)Bamboo plants are associated __________ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 
to care for and make great presents.
6. with
解析:考查介词。be associated with 是固定词组,表示“与……有联系”。
7. (2021 浙江6 月卷) In 1844 they bought it __________ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who 
performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
7. for
解析:考查介词。buy sth for money 是固定搭配,表示“用……价钱买东西”。
8. (2020 浙江6 月卷)Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 
__________, through agriculture.
8. in
解析:考查介词。公元前10000 年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可
知,“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是
在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world. live in+名词,意为“居住在某地”。
9. (2020 新课标卷)Museums must compete __________people’s spare time and money with other amusements. 
Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
介词综合能力提升
9. for
解析:考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete 
for,意为: “为了……竞争”。
10. (2020 天津卷) I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother kept an eye __________ 
him. 
10. on
解析:考查介词。keep an eye on 是固定词组,表示“关照,注意”。
11. (2025 北京卷)These efforts help us travel more responsibly. After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come    20 
the planet’s expense.
11. at
解析:考查固定搭配。句意:毕竟,探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。at one’s expense“以……为代价”是
固定搭配。故填at。
12.(2022 全国甲卷)Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. 
He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___________ Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five 
months.
12. from
解析:考查介词。句意:9 月20 日,他从4700 公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。
根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…
表示“从……到……”。故填from。
13.(2022 北京卷)Helen was walking down the street late ________ the evening, her arms filled with grocery 
bags.
13. in
解析:考查介词。句意:深夜,海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening 意为“在晚上”,固定搭配。故
in。
14. (2021 全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 
was built originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
14. in
解析:考查介词。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知,
表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。
15. (2021 全国乙卷)Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely 
accepted as a travel concept __________ the late 1980s.
15. until
解析:考查介词。句意:直到20 世纪80 年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知,此处表示
“直到20 世纪80 年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”,表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型
“not……until……”。
16.(2025 全国一卷)A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent     62       no more than one or two 
points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side.
16. by
解析:考查介词。句意:一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手,以表示对对方的尊重。
“by+具体数值”表示“以(某一差值)”,此处指“以一到两分的优势”,符合语境。故填by。
17.(2024 全国甲卷)This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved    67  
all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
17. for
解析:考查介词。句意同上。介词for 表目的,表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。故填for。
18. (2024 九省联考卷) He feels that neat handwriting is still an important skill, so he has his students write not 
only by hand but also __________ old fashioned fountain pens.
18. with
解析:考查介词。句意:他觉得整洁的书写仍然是一项重要的技能,所以他不仅让学生手写,还让他们用
老式的钢笔写字。根据空格后的名词old fashioned fountain pens 可知,空格处应填介词,表示“使用”应
用介词with。故填with。
19. (2023 浙江1 月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history ___________ capital of China, almost every hutong has its 
stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
19. as
解析:考查介词。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有
一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知,空格处译为“作为”,as 是介词意为“作为”,符合句意。故填
as。
20.(2022 全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 
___________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 
20. by 
解析:考查介词。句意:2019 年11 月47 日,联合国正式将5 月21 日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知,
此处表达“被联合国在5 月21 日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
二、单句填空 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. But now, women enjoy equal rights with men on the stage, and more women are appearing on the Opera stage   
ever before. 
1. than
解析:考查介词。句意:但现在,女性在舞台上享有与男性平等的权利,出现在戏剧舞台上的女性比以往
任何时候都多。根据“more women”可知,此处把“现在出现在戏剧舞台上的女性数量”和“以往任何时
候出现在戏剧舞台上的女性数量”进行对比,空处应用介词than,意为“比”。故填than。
2. It was          great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 
2. of
解析:考查介词。句意:它在团结中国人民和文化方面具有重大意义。of great importance“有重要意义”为
固定短语。故填of。
3. It’s rude           you to talk with your mother in that way. 
3. of
解析:考查介词。句意:你用那种方式和你母亲说话是不礼貌的。固定句型:It’s+形容词+of+sb. to do sth.
其中it 作形式主语,后面的动词不定式作真正主语,be 动词后面的形容词说明动词不定式逻辑主语sb.的特
征,所以逻辑主语前面用介词of。区别于固定句型:It’s+形容词+for+sb. to do sth.意为“对于某人来说,做
某事是……”,形容词修饰后面的不定式,故填of。
4.       (give) her continuous interest in helping others, being a doctor seems the right job for her. 
4. Given
解析:考查介词。句意:考虑到她乐于助人,医生似乎是最适合她的工作。分析句子可知,此处使用介词
given,表示“鉴于,考虑到”,首字母应大写,故填Given。
5.          the challenges, there have been some highly successful films made from popular books. 
5. Despite
解析:考查介词。句意:尽管存在这些挑战,但还是有一些根据畅销书改编的电影非常成功。后跟名词作
宾语,表示让步,意为“尽管”用介词despite,首字母大写。故填Despite。
6. Tom has many hobbies,              (include) hiking and running. 
6. including
解析:考查介词。句意:汤姆有许多爱好,包括远足和跑步。此处表示“包括”,用介词including。故填
including。
7. Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed          the blood stream and start action on the brain. 
7. into
解析:考查介词。句意:酒精可能需要几分钟才能被吸收到血液中并开始对大脑起作用。根据Alcohol may 
take a few minutes to be absorbed 和the blood stream 可知,空处应填介词into“进入……中”。故填into。
8.             the most outstanding painters, Masaccio was the first to paint things in perspective. 
8. Among
解析:考查介词。句意:在最杰出的画家中,马萨乔是第一个采用透视画法的。表示三者及以上应用介词
among,表示“在……中”。
9. Peter was lying on the sofa, doing nothing          particular. 
9. in
解析:考查介词。句意:彼得正躺在沙发上,没做什么特别的事。短语in particular 表示“尤其,特别”。
故填in。
10. He acts like a tough guy, but he’s really very sensitive          criticism. 
10. to
解析:考查介词。句意:他表现得像个硬汉,但实际上对批评非常敏感。be sensitive to 是固定短语,意为
“对……敏感”,故填to。 
三、介词与语法填空 
(25-26 高三上·广东·阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Hongkou District Sports Festival, aiming to establish Shanghai’s Ruihong Tiandi as an integrated sports 
and    1   ( consume) centre, kicked off on July 5.    2   ( span )58 days through August 31, the event 
capitalizes on its peak summer season to engage all age groups with 13 major competitions and 45 sporting 
disciplines.
   3   ( structure) around three main activity pillars — competitive sports events, community competitions 
and recreational sports activities — the festival featured national, city, and district-level sporting events. These 
included a national Go championship hosted by the Chinese Weiqi Association, a Shanghai amateur fencing open 
organized by the China Sport School Federation,    4    a youth jump rope competition    5    talented 
students demonstrated their athletic abilities.
Since its launch, more than 200 experiential activities, followed by a tech-integrated sports zone added in 
mid-August,    6   ( develop) for the festival through its partnership with Decathlon.
To boost commercial cooperation, organizers team up    7    100 local restaurants and 39 sports venues, 
launching discount packages with parking privileges. A cutting-edge virtual carnival demonstrates    8  
enhanced reality technology transforms athletic experiences, operating daily from 7:00 am until 2:00 am    9  
( serve) diverse schedules.
This extended framework of the Hongkou Hazhajin Sports Festival promotes sports-retail integration and 
stimulates district-wide economic vitality, with each goal     10     (respective) in place.
【答案】
1. consumption    2. Spanning    3. Structured    4. and    5. where    6. have been developed    7. with    8. how    9. 
to serve    10. respectively
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道7 月5 日启动的虹口体育节持续至8 月31 日,含多项赛事活动,结
合科技与商业,促进体商融合及区域经济活力。
1. 考查名词。句意:虹口区体育节于7 月5 日开幕,旨在将上海瑞虹天地打造为综合体育和消费中心。
“consume”是动词,此处需要一个名词与 “sports”并列,共同修饰“centre”,“consumption”表示“消
费”,名词作定语,强调类别、用途或属性。故填consumption。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意:该赛事持续58 天,一直持续到8 月31 日,利用夏季的高峰期,举办13 项主要
比赛和45 个体育项目,吸引所有年龄段的人参加。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,“ span”与 
“the event”之间是主动关系,这里用现在分词作状语,表示“持续,跨越”,故填Spanning。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意:该体育节围绕三个主要活动支柱——竞技体育赛事、社区比赛和休闲体育活动
——举办国家级、市级和区级体育赛事。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,“ the festival”与
“structure”之间是被动关系,“be structured around”表示“围绕……构建”,这里用过去分词作状语。故
填Structured。
4. 考查连词。句意:其中包括由中国围棋协会主办的全国围棋锦标赛,由中国体校联合会组织的上海业余
击剑公开赛,以及才华横溢的学生展示运动能力的青少年跳绳比赛。根据句意可知,这里连接三个并列的
赛事,“ a national Go championship” ,“ a Shanghai amateur fencing open” 和“ a youth jump rope 
competition”,是并列关系,所以用连词“and”。故填and。
5. 考查定语从句。句意:其中包括由中国围棋协会主办的全国围棋锦标赛,由中国体校联合会组织的上海
业余击剑公开赛,以及才华横溢的学生展示运动能力的青少年跳绳比赛。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限
制性定语从句,“a youth jump rope competition”是先行词,在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,即“在青少
年跳绳比赛中”,所以用关系副词 “where”。故填where。
6. 考查动词时态语态。句意:自推出以来,通过与迪卡侬的合作,已经为节日开发了200 多个体验活动,
随后在8 月中旬增加了一个技术集成的体育区。“Since its launch”是现在完成时的标志词,“more than 
200 experiential activities”与“develop”之间是被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态“ have been 
developed”。故填have been developed。
7. 考查固定短语。句意:为了促进商业合作,组织者与100 家当地餐馆和39 个体育场馆合作,推出了带
有停车特权的折扣套餐。分析句子可知,“team up with”是固定短语,表示 “与……合作”,所以填
“with”。故填with。
8. 考查宾语从句。句意:一个尖端的虚拟嘉年华展示了增强现实技术如何改变运动体验,每天从早上7 点
到凌晨2 点提供各种时间表。分析句子可知,设空处引导宾语从句,结合句意可知,这里表示“增强现实
技术如何改变运动体验”,用连接副词“how”表示“如何”引导宾语从句。故填how。
9. 考查动词不定式。句意:一个尖端的虚拟嘉年华展示了增强现实技术如何改变运动体验,每天从早上7
点到凌晨2 点提供各种时间表。根据句意可知,这里用动词不定式作目的状语,表示“从早上 7 点到凌晨 
2 点运营,以满足不同的日程安排”,所以填“to serve”。故填to serve。
10. 考查副词。句意:虹口哈扎劲体育节的扩展框架促进了体育与零售的融合,激发了全区的经济活力,
每个目标都各自到位。分析句子可知,这里需要一个副词修饰介词短语 “in place”,“respective” 是形容
词,其副词形式“respectively”表示“分别地,各自地”。故填respectively。