第20 讲 主语从句
目录
01
考情解码·命题预警
2
02 体系构建·思维可视.................................................................................................................................................3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚.................................................................................................................................................3
考点一 主语从句的构成及引导词.....................................................................................................................3
知识点1 主语从句的构成....................................................................................................................................4
知识点2 主语从句的引导词................................................................................................................................4
考向1 考查引导主语从句的连接代词..............................................................................................................6
考向2 考查引导主语从句的连接副词..............................................................................................................6
知识点3 it 充当形式主语的句式.........................................................................................................................7
考向3 考查it 充当形式主语的句子..................................................................................................................8
考点二 主语从句易错点.....................................................................................................................................9
知识点1 连接词that 与关系代词that.................................................................................................................9
知识点2 连接词that 与连接代词what.............................................................................................................10
知识点3 连接词whether 与if 的区别...............................................................................................................10
知识点4 主语从句用于虚拟语气易错点..........................................................................................................11
考向1 考查主语从句与定语从句辨析............................................................................................................11
考向2 考查主语从句中的时态、语态与主谓一致.......................................................................................13
04 真题溯源 考向感知................................................................................................................................................13
考点要求
考察形式
2025 年
2024 年
2023 年
2022 年
主
语
从
句 、
宾语从句
选择题
非选择题
/
新高考I 卷what
全国甲卷what
浙江卷whether
天津卷what
新高考II 卷how
浙江卷whether/if
表语从句、
同位语从句
选择题
非选择题
北京卷what
浙江卷what
新高考II 卷what
名词性从句
在写作中
选择题
非选择题
广泛存在于阅读理解，完形填空和写作中
考情分析：
名词性从句在高考中显性考查以语法填空补全句子形式出现。天津卷会涉及到选择题。名词性从句更
以隐性考查广泛存在于阅读理解长难句和应用文写作中。
1.考查名词性从句that 和what 的用法区别，这是高频考点也是难点。
2.考查名词性从句if 和whether 的用法区别。
3.考查名词性从句who, whoever, why, where, how 的用法区别。
4.遇到名词性从句需要学会用括号法括起来视为一个整体便于理解。
5.应用文写作和读后续写学会使用名词性从句能够提高句子表达力，提升文章档次。
复习目标：
1. 熟练掌握名词性从句连接词
、连接代词及连接副词
的用法和意义，特别是what 和that 的用法。
2. 熟练掌握名词性从句的固定句式和相关考点。
考点一 主语从句的构成及引导词
知识点1 主语从句构成
主语从句：在复合句中作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句。和其它可以作主语的名词、代词、动名词相
比，主语用了一个完整的句子。主语从句的位置有两种：直接位于句首；用 it 作形式主语，将真正主语
从句置于句末，使句子结构更平衡。
That
the
movie
made
a hit
surprised us.
主语从句 谓语 宾语
知识点2 主语从句的引导词
引导主语从句的连接词有三类：
连词that、whether， if
疑问代词who, what, which，whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;
疑问副词when, where, how, why，however, whenever, wherever 等
（1）连接词that 在主语从句中不充当任何的句子成分。
例1.That he is a doctor is true. 千真万确，他是医生。
例2.That she doesn't understand English is obvious. 显然，她听不懂英语。
例3.That he will come is certain. 他要来，这是肯定的。
例4.That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me.你不喜欢他与我无关。
例5.That the wounded soldier is still alive is a wonder.
那个受伤的士兵还活着真是个奇迹。
例6. It is a wonder that the wounded soldier is still alive.
那个受伤的士兵还活着真是个奇迹。
（2）连接词whether 起连接作用，有词汇意义“是否”，不做成分，引导主语从句时不能省略。
例1.Whether these books are satisfactory is uncertain.
还不能确定这些书是否令人满意。
例2. Whether I believe you or not is irrelevant now.
我是否相信你，现在已无关紧要了。
例3.Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.
约翰是否会做这个实验仍然是个问题。
（3）连接代词-who/what/which/whom/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever 起连接作用，提示从
句开始。有词汇意义，不能省略。在主语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
例1.What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.
最让我吃惊的是，这么小的女孩子竟能拉小提琴。
例2.Who will take charge of the task has not been decided. 由谁来负责这项任务，还没有决定。
例3.What heat is seems difficult to answer. 热是什么似乎很难回答。
例4.Whose bag was stolen is not known. 谁的手提包被偷了，尚不得而知。
例5.What's done cannot be undone. 事已定局，无可挽回。
例6.Whatever I have is yours. 我的一切都是你的。
例7.Whoever comes will be welcome. 谁来都欢迎。
例8.Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown.
谁还没有找到他的字典仍然是未知的。
例9. Whoever wants this book may take it.
谁想要这本书可以拿去。
（4）连接副词when, where, how, why，whenever, however, wherever 等在从句中充当时间状语、地点状
语、方式状语、原因状语 起连接作用，提示从句开始。有词汇意义，不能省略。
例1.How a book will sell depends much on the reviewer.
一本书的销量很大程度上取决于书评人。
例2.Where we should leave it is a problem. 我们应该把它留在哪是个问题。
例3.When the plane is to take off has not been announced.飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。
例4.When they will start hasn’t been decided yet. 飞机起飞时间还没有通知。
例5.Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.
故事结尾没有提到女主人公去了哪里。
考向1 考查引导主语从句的连接代词
例1 made me realize the significance of these buildings was the knowledge I learned about ancient
Chinese architecture in university.
例2 With the development of science and technology, seems impossible today may become possible
one day.
【变式训练1·变载体】 grade the team received would be shared by both students.
【变式训练2·变情景】On Central Street, struck the tourists most was the organized parades
featuring the Oroqen (鄂伦春族), an ethnic minority from the region.
考向2 考查引导主语从句连接副词
例1 he suddenly quit his job without any explanation confused his colleagues.
例2 we will hold the annual party is still under consideration.
【变式训练1·变载体】 we can solve this problem efficiently is the key to the project’s success.
【变式训练2·变情景】 the new library will open to the public has not been announced yet.
知识点3 it 充当形式主语的句式
常见的句型有：
1. It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain 等)＋that 从句
2. It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder 等)＋that 从句
3. It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported 等)＋that 从句
4. It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter 等)＋that 从句
例1. It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. 鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。
例2. It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
例3. It is necessary that we (should) have breakfast. 我们吃早餐是有必要的。
例4. It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have
taken it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
得分速记
It is/was +
①
形容词+that 从句
It is/was +
②
名词+that 从句
It +
③
不及物动词+that 从句
It is/was +
④
过去分词+that 从句
⑤其他
It doesn’t matter +that /wh-Clause… 是无关紧要的
It makes no difference +that /wh-Clause…毫无区别……
当形容词为important, necessary, strange 等或过去分词为suggested, requested, desired 等时，从句中的谓
语动词用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”。
思维建模 名词性从句的解题思路
考向3 考查it 充当形式主语的句子
例1 Now it occurred to him his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of
luck.
例2 is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
【变式训练1·变载体】It is well-known learning English well will be of great benefit to us all.
【变式训练2·变情景】It is recently (report) that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is
slowly declining.
【变式训练3】Not only had the countries found a path to the future, but they had also learned that
was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
核对
答案
对照
检验
1．确定从句类型：设空处无提示词，先根据主句的主谓结构确定是否为
主语从句。
2．确定连接词：
(1)从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，用连接代词what、who、whom、
which、whatever 等。
(2)从句中不缺成分且句子意义完整，用that。
(2)从句中不缺成分，句意缺少“是否”，用if/whether。
(3)从句中缺少状语，根据句意，选择用连接副词where (表地点)、
when (表时间)、how (表方式)、why (表原因)等。
信息
提取
确定
连词
考点二 主语从句易错点
知识点1 连接词that 与关系代词that
连接词that 引导主语从句时在主语从句中不充当任何的句子成分；关系代词引导定语从句时，在定语从句
中作主语或宾语。
例1. That he passed the exam surprised us.（that 引导主语从句，在从句中无意义）
他通过了考试，这让我们很惊讶。
例2. It is necessary that we should help each other. 我们有必要互相帮助。
例3. That he passed the exam surprised us.
it 作形式主语时 that 可省略。
例4. It’s clear (that) he is right.（that 引导真正的主语从句，在从句中无意义）
例5. The book that is on the table is mine.（关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词the
book。）
放在桌子上的那本书是我的。
例6. The movie (that) we watched yesterday was fantastic.我们昨天看的那部电影太棒了。
例7. He is no longer the man (that) he was ten years ago. 他不再是十年前的那个他了。
知识点2 连接词that 与连接代词what
特点
用法
示例
what 是连
接代词，
既起连接
作用又作
句子成分
what 作从句主语
What happened surprised everyone. 发生的事情让每个人都很吃惊。
what 作从句宾语
What he had hoped at last came true. 他希望的事终于成为现实。
what 作从句定语
What few visitors we have are always made welcome.对不多的游客我
们也表示欢迎。
what 作从句表语
He is not what he was ten years ago. 他不再是十年前的他了。
that 是连
词，只起
连接作用
不作句子
that 引导主语从
句、宾语从句、
表语从句或同位
语从句。
That she lacks experience is obvious. 她缺少经验，这是显然的。
My idea is that you shouldn’t have left the country. 我的意见是你不应该离
开那个国家。
成分
He gave us a suggestion that we should practise speaking English in class.他
建议我们在课堂上练习说英语。
知识点3 连接词whether 与连接词if
用法对比
构成
当主语从句放于句首时，常用
whether 引导，不用if；
例1. Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.
是否要开会仍然是个问题。
当it 作形式主语，主语从句放
在后面时用whether 或if 引导
均可，但是如果被后置的主语
从句中含有表选择意义的or
时，必须用whether；
例2. It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.
他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑。
例3. It makes no difference whether he comes or not.
他来不来无关紧要。
与or not 或to do 不定式直接连
用时，也必须用whether。
例4.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.他们是
否会来取决于天气。
例5.Whether to stay in the federated state or become independent is
a decision that has to be made by the people.是否要维持联邦状态
或要独立，这是一项必修由人民做的决定。
知识点4 主语从句用于虚拟语气易错点
特殊用法
构成
It is +形容词+ that 从句，从句谓语动词
用“should + 动词原形”，should 可省
略。常见形容词：necessary, important,
essential, urgent, advisable, natural,
strange 等。
例1.It’s necessary that he (should) work hard.他必需努力工
作。
例2.It is strange that he (should) refuse the invitation.
他竟然拒绝邀请，真奇怪。
It is +过去分词+ that 从句，从句谓语
动词用“should + 动词原形”，should
可省略。常见过去分词：suggested,
recommended, required, demanded,
ordered, proposed 等。
例1.It was suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
有人建议推迟会议。
例2. The leader urged that all members (should) attend the
meeting. 领导力劝所有成员参加会议。
例3.It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.根据要求
他应该立刻离开。
考向1 考查主语从句与定语从句的辨析
例1 It remains to be seen the new regulations will lead to better compliance among all employees.
例2There is no escape from the long arm of the law. breaks the law will sooner or later be caught and
will be punished.
【变式训练1·变载体】 has been pointed out, we should focus on the key points.
【变式训练2·变载体】That is one of the most interesting books are sold in the bookshop.
考向2 考查主语从句中的时态、语态与主谓一致
例1 Whether we can go on the trip __________(depend) on the weather this weekend.
例2 What is amazing about these earth buildings (be) the fact that some of them are over 700 years
old, surviving through natural elements, including earthquakes.
【变式训练1·变情景】 he will go to attend the meeting himself or he will send his son to hasn’t
been decided.
【变式训练2·变载体】That football is such a simple game to play __________(be) perhaps the basis of its
popularity.
1.（2023 年全国甲卷完形填空）What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its
appearance.
2. (2025 年新高考I 卷阅读理解) Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but
what they do know has raised concerns.
3. (2025 年新高考II 卷阅读理解)It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically
made from garbage.
4. (2022 年全国甲卷) It is widely accepted that teenagers should be encouraged to be more independent.
5.（2021 年全国I 卷）_____________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
