第10 讲 构词法
目录
01 课标达标练
考向01 考查派生
考向02 考查形容词后缀
考向03 考查副词后缀
考向04 考查名词后缀
考向05 考查转化与合成
02 核心突破练
03 真题溯源练
考向01 考查派生
在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
1．Quickly gaining (popular) to be a must-visit spot for travellers, Eiffel Tower is open all year long
and never sees a shortage of queues.
2．If you are planning to come to Poland as a (tour), you will have plenty of interesting places to
visit.
3．Deep sleep is vitally important for overall physical health and recovery from injury or (ill).
4．There’s no less (innovate) going on at the farm like this robot plant nurse which can inspect 50
acres of row crops for diseases, pests, or other issues.
5．Mr. Knospe is a solid professional documentary (photograph), not an artist with works in museums.
6．The main reason the native Sri Lankan Legume Tree went extinct was due to habitat loss from
(develop) in the 20th century.
7．Researchers believe that watching live sporting events can improve well-being and reduce (lonely).
8．The failure was a big blow to him, but anyhow he wasn’t (courage) and soon got as enthusiastic as
ever.
9．They say Mr Chen is a friendly, sensitive, caring and (determine) person.
10．Chinese tea culture started about 4000 years ago and gradually became an (amaze) tradition.
11．The principles of developing new habits through “everyday actions” are a much more (effect) way
to change your life — one step at a time.
12．We were so frustrated because we were
__
(overwhelming) defeated by the No.1 school team.
13．She is a (remarkable) determined politician.
14．Thinking like Da Vinci, through the use of exercises, drawing and honesty, helps to guide us to be the people
we (true) are in a world of fog, noise and traffic.
15．Kaplan is a worldwide (education) service provider, offering academic and career advancement
opportunities for students.
考向02 考查形容词后缀
1．Because West Lake is an area of outstanding natural beauty, the number of boats available for hire on the lake is
(limit).
【答案】limited
【句型】考查形容词作表语。句意：因为西湖是一个自然美景出众的地区，在湖上可供租用的船只数量有
限。设空处跟在系动词后面作表语，且根据句意可知，设空处意为“有限的”，所以要用limited。故填
limited。
2．I don’t think a man’s main mission in life is to earn as much money as possible. My dream is to live a more
(meaning) life.
【答案】meaningful
【句型】考查形容词。句意：我认为一个人生活的主要使命不是尽可能多地赚钱。我的梦想是过更有意义
的生活。空处修饰名词life，应用形容词形式meaningful“有意义的”，与空前的more 构成形容词的比较级
形式，作前置定语。故填meaningful。
3．It’s vital that you feel (comfort) at a college of your choice and the setting of a college could impact
what your comfort level is.
【答案】comfortable
【句型】考查形容词。句意：在你选择的大学里感到舒适是至关重要的，而大学的环境会影响你的舒适程
度。根据空前的系动词“feel”可知，此处需用形容词作表语，comfort 为名词或动词，意为“安慰；舒
适”，其形容词形式是comfortable，意为“舒适的”，符合语境。故填comfortable。
4．To keep themselves (wake), people sat together and told each other stories.
【答案】awake
【句型】考查形容词。句意：为了保持清醒，人们坐在一起互相讲故事。 根据固定搭配“keep + 宾语 +
形容词”，意为“使……保持某种状态”，此处需用wake 的形容词形式awake“醒着的”，作宾语补足
语，说明themselves 的状态。故填awake。
5．Chinese characters have been adapted into (digit) form in the modern era.
【答案】digital
【句型】考查形容词。句意：在现代，汉字已经被改编成数字形式。根据空后的名词“form”可知，此处
需用形容词作定语，digit 为名词，意为“数字”，其形容词形式是digital，意为“数字的”。故填
digital。
6．Making a (decide) choice between going on with education and starting a job right away is not an
easy task.
【答案】decisive
【句型】考查形容词。句意：在继续接受教育和立即开始工作之间做出果断的决定并非易事。此处为形容
词作定语，根据空前不定冠词a 和空后的名词choice 可知，空处需用decide 的形容词形式decisive 作定语
修饰名词choice，意为“果断的，坚决的”，make a decisive choice 意为“做出果断的决定”，符合题意。
故填decisive。
7．Our school always aims to create an (include) environment where every student feels valued and
respected.
【答案】inclusive
【句型】考查形容词。句意：我们学校始终致力于创造一个包容的环境，让每个学生都感到自己受到重视
和尊重。本空修饰名词environment，作前置定语，应用形容词inclusive“包容的”。故填inclusive。
8．The files in the office cupboard were kept in an (order) system, making it easy to find any document.
【答案】orderly
【句型】考查形容词。句意：办公室橱柜里的文件都按照一定的顺序摆放着，这样就能方便地找到任何一
份文件了。修饰名词system 用形容词orderly，故填orderly。
9．Maria is (gift) at languages and can speak five different languages fluently.
【答案】gifted
【解析】考查形容词。句意：玛丽亚有语言天赋，能流利地说五种语言。be gifted at 表示“在……方面有
天赋”。故填gifted。
10．The girl’s family was very (support) when she decided to pursue her dream of becoming an artist,
encouraging her every step of the way.
【答案】supportive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：当这个女孩决定追求成为艺术家的梦想时，她的家人给予了极大的支持，一
路上一直鼓励着她。作表语，用形容词supportive，故填supportive。
1．The Harmony OS does have some bugs but (basic) it’s a good system. Otherwise, it would not be
accepted by the market.
【答案】basically
【详解】考查副词。句意：Harmony 操作系统确实有一些bug，但基本上它是一个不错的系统。否则，就
不会被市场所接受。设空处修饰句子“it’s a good system”，应用副词作状语，故填basically。
2．Tourism is an industry that has a (necessary) close connection with governments.
【答案】necessarily
【详解】考查副词。句意：旅游业是一个与政府有着必然紧密联系的行业。设空处应填副词形式作状语，
修饰形容词close，所给词necessary 的副词形式是necessarily，意为“必然地”，符合句意。故填
necessarily。
3．The sounds of the fireworks were (terrible) annoying. I was woken up by the noise quite a few
times.
【答案】terribly
【详解】考查副词。句意：烟花的声音非常令人讨厌。我被噪音吵醒了好几次。设空处应填副词作状语，
修饰形容词annoying，terrible 的副词形式是terribly，意为“非常，极其”。故填terribly。
4．I don’t think I am going to the park today. Firstly, I am feeling a bit tired and need a break. (second), I
have been there several times before.
【答案】Secondly
【详解】考查副词。句意：我想我今天不去公园了。首先，我觉得有点累，需要休息一下。其次，我以前
去过好几次。空格处需要一个副词来承接上文的“Firstly(首先)”，表示顺序上的“其次、第二”，应用副
词secondly 作状语，修饰整句话，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Secondly。
5．The roads are (special) built for the disabled to ensure they can move around safely and conveniently.
【答案】specially
【详解】考查副词。句意：这些道路是专门为残疾人修建的，以确保他们能够安全、方便地出行。空处需
用副词作状语修饰动词built；special 的副词为specially，意为“专门地”。故填specially。
6．It’s true that (current) there are more people applying for each available job opening.
【答案】currently
【详解】考查副词。句意：的确，目前申请每一个空缺职位的人更多了。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副
词作状语修饰整个句子；current 的副词形式为currently，意为“目前，当前”，符合语境语法。故填
currently。
7．This has not been a (notable) successful project.
【答案】notably
【详解】考查副词。句意：这不是一个特别成功的项目。successful 是形容词，需要用副词来修饰，notable
的副词形式是notably。故填notably。
8．All 132 passengers died (instant) when the plane slammed into (重重地撞上) the mountain.
【答案】instantly
【详解】考查副词。句意：当飞机撞到山上时，所有132 名乘客当场死亡。空处修饰动词died，应用副词
instantly，意为“立刻，马上”，作状语。故填instantly。
9． (subsequent) , she’d be given more work and greater responsibilities.
【答案】Subsequently
【详解】考查副词。句意：随后，她将被赋予更多的工作和更大的责任。空处修饰后文整个句子，提示词
的副词形式subsequently“随后”符合题意，作状语；位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Subsequently。
10．The experienced painter colored the detailed picture (effortless), making the whole scene come to
life.
【答案】effortlessly
【详解】考查副词。句意：这位经验丰富的画家毫不费力地给这幅细节丰富的画作上色，让整个画面栩栩
如生。这里需要一个副词来修饰动词colored，effortless 是形容词，意为“不费力的；容易的”，其副词形
式为effortlessly，表示“毫不费力地”，符合语境。故填effortlessly。
1．The detailed (analyze) of the data reveals some surprising trends in consumer behavior.
【答案】analysis
【详解】考查名词。句意：对数据的详细分析揭示了消费者行为中一些令人惊讶的趋势。提示词作主语，
用名词analysis，意为“分析”，结合谓语动词“reveals”可知，主语是单数名词。故填analysis。
2．Last night, a strange (happen) at the abandoned factory left the locals puzzled and sparked intense
debates among them.
【答案】happening
【详解】考查名词。句意：昨晚，在废弃工厂发生了一件奇怪的事情，这让当地人感到困惑，并在他们之
间引发了激烈的辩论。设空处需要填入名词来充当句子的主语，指代“发生的事情”。happen 转换为名词
形式 happening，意为“发生的事情，事件”。故填 happening。
3．Our science teacher gave us a detailed (explain) of the scientific content very patiently, using various
examples to help us understand it clearly.
【答案】explanation
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的科学老师非常耐心地给我们详细解释了科学内容，并用各种例子帮助我
们清楚地理解它。根据空前的形容词“detailed”可知，此处需用名词作宾语，explain 为动词，意为“解
释”，其名词形式是explanation，意为“解释”，且由不定冠词“a”可知，应用单数形式。故填
explanation。
4．A diverse diet with the (include) of various fruits and vegetables is important for maintaining good
health.
【答案】inclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意：均衡的饮食中应包含各种各样的水果和蔬菜，这对于保持身体健康非常重要。
根据空格前的the 和空格后的of 可知，空格处应该用名词inclusion 作介词with 的宾语。故填inclusion。
5．Every market town in England has a (person) shaped by the goods and services produced and traded
for centuries.
【答案】personality
【详解】考查名词。句意：英格兰的每个集镇都有其因数百年来生产和交易的商品及服务而形成的独特特
质。这里需要一个名词作宾语，person 的名词为personality 表示“特质，个性”。故填personality。
6．The (pay) for the course is due by the end of this month, so please make sure to transfer the money
on time.
【答案】payment
【详解】考查名词。句意：该课程的费用需在本月月底前支付完毕，所以请务必按时转账。根据空格前的
The 可知，此处应该用提示词的名词形式payment 作主语。故填payment。
7．The (run) finished the marathon in just under three hours, setting a new personal record.
【答案】runner
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个赛跑者在不到三个小时内完成了马拉松，创造了新的个人记录。空格处需
填入一个名词作为主语，指代“完成马拉松的人”，使用名词runner，根据setting a new personal record 可
知，用单数。故填runner。
8．I attended a (present) by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school.
【答案】presentation
【详解】考查名词。句意：我在高中时参加了野生动物保护主义者格兰特
布朗的一场演讲。作动词的宾
・
语，表示“演讲”用名词presentation，不定冠词提示用单数。故填presentation。
9．I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to settle, Italy was the clear
(win).
【答案】winner
【详解】考查名词。句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但说到选择我最喜欢的定居地点，意大利显然是最佳选
项。根据空前的定冠词“the”和形容词“clear”可知，此处需用名词作表语，win 为动词，意为“赢”，其
名词形式是winner，意为“赢家”，结合语境可知，此处指意大利是“赢家、最佳选项”，应用单数形
式。故填winner。
10．The local museum invited a history (special) to give a lecture on ancient civilizations.
【答案】specialist
【详解】考查名词。句意：当地博物馆邀请了一位历史专家来做一场关于古代文明的讲座。提示词作宾
语，结合句意，表示“专家”，用单数specialist。故填specialist。
考向02 考查形容词后缀
1．Because West Lake is an area of outstanding natural beauty, the number of boats available for hire on the lake is
(limit).
2．I don’t think a man’s main mission in life is to earn as much money as possible. My dream is to live a more
(meaning) life.
3．It’s vital that you feel (comfort) at a college of your choice and the setting of a college could impact
what your comfort level is.
4．To keep themselves (wake), people sat together and told each other stories.
5．Chinese characters have been adapted into (digit) form in the modern era.
6．Making a (decide) choice between going on with education and starting a job right away is not an
easy task.
7．Our school always aims to create an (include) environment where every student feels valued and
respected.
8．The files in the office cupboard were kept in an (order) system, making it easy to find any document.
9．Maria is (gift) at languages and can speak five different languages fluently.
10．The girl’s family was very (support) when she decided to pursue her dream of becoming an artist,
encouraging her every step of the way.
考向03 考查副词后缀
1．The Harmony OS does have some bugs but (basic) it’s a good system. Otherwise, it would not be
accepted by the market.
2．Tourism is an industry that has a (necessary) close connection with governments.
3．The sounds of the fireworks were (terrible) annoying. I was woken up by the noise quite a few
times.
4．I don’t think I am going to the park today. Firstly, I am feeling a bit tired and need a break. (second), I
have been there several times before.
5．The roads are (special) built for the disabled to ensure they can move around safely and conveniently.
6．It’s true that (current) there are more people applying for each available job opening.
7．This has not been a (notable) successful project.
8．All 132 passengers died (instant) when the plane slammed into (重重地撞上) the mountain.
9． (subsequent) , she’d be given more work and greater responsibilities.
10．The experienced painter colored the detailed picture (effortless), making the whole scene come to
life.
考向04 考查名词后缀
1．The detailed (analyze) of the data reveals some surprising trends in consumer behavior.
2．Last night, a strange (happen) at the abandoned factory left the locals puzzled and sparked intense
debates among them.
3．Our science teacher gave us a detailed (explain) of the scientific content very patiently, using various
examples to help us understand it clearly.
4．A diverse diet with the (include) of various fruits and vegetables is important for maintaining good
health.
5．Every market town in England has a (person) shaped by the goods and services produced and traded
for centuries.
6．The (pay) for the course is due by the end of this month, so please make sure to transfer the money
on time.
7．The (run) finished the marathon in just under three hours, setting a new personal record.
8．I attended a (present) by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school.
9．I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to settle, Italy was the clear
(win).
10．The local museum invited a history (special) to give a lecture on ancient civilizations.
考向05 考查转化与合成
在空白处填入画线单词的正确含义。
1. After users delete messages or empty the trash, they must compact their mail database on the server.
2. When you charge
the battery, irons will flow through the liquid.
3.I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional
photos, another asking for a price cut
.
4.We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.
5.He seems quiet, but like still waters, he runs deep with knowledge.
6.McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer" when it was first
performed and is a Children's Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.
7.Don’t be cross with him—after all，he meant to help.
8. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person
meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
9.They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of eaningful
interaction they had with nature in the park.
10.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300，000 years ago.
题型 理解长难句
分析句子成分，并翻译下列句子。
1.The new policy, which is aimed at reducing carbon emissions by promoting the use of renewable energy
sources, stimulating public transportation development, and encouraging energy - efficient building designs,
has faced strong opposition from some industries that are heavily reliant on fossil fuels and are concerned about
the potential economic impacts on their operations.
分析：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. One study published last year, which analyzed the lifestyles of more than two hundred and seventy-six
thousand male and female United States veterans, found that adopting eight healthy behaviors could add up to
twenty-four years to people's lives.
分析：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. An increasing number of scientists, who are dedicated to exploring the mysteries of the universe, believe that
the discovery of gravitational waves, which can provide crucial insights into the nature of black holes and the
early universe, marks a significant milestone in the field of astrophysics.
分析：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.As governments struggle to enforce emission reduction targets amid rising global temperatures, energy
conglomerates persist in delaying renewable energy transitions, a practice that exacerbates environmental
degradation and fuels public outcry."
分析：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Drawing on a wealth of recent archaeological discoveries that span the globe, as well as deep reading in often
neglected historical sources (their bibliography runs to 63 pages), the two researchers dismantle not only
every element of the received account but also the assumptions that it rests on.
分析：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
1.（2025 年新高考I 卷）They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of
itself, simply didn't strike them as important
2.（2025 年新高考I 卷阅读）We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the
true costs
3.（2024 年新高考II 卷）Choose mindfully. Overvisited
destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special.
4. （2024 年新高考II 卷）After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are.
5.（2023 年全国甲卷） Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free
place where bears can pass through without
learning bad habits.
6.（2023 年新高考II 卷）The flight was uneventful, and Tiffy was a great passenger.
7.（2022 年新高考全国I 卷）The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution.
8.（2023 年全国乙卷）The ________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect
the past while stepping into the modern world
9.（2022 年6 月浙江卷）John Olson, a former (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully
textured 3D models.
10.(2023 年新高考Ⅰ卷) Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling
wrappers, encasing hot, (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite Chinese
street food.
11.(2023 年1 月浙江高考卷) The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ________ (space)homes and
walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers.
12.（2023 年全国甲卷) ______ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation
instead of a moral.
13.（2023 年上海春招）Teachers and scholars must look beyond today's career-mindedness in talking about
challenges to the humanities.
14.(2022 年新高考II 卷) Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a
questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the
panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and (confidence) speaking English.
15.（2022 年1 月浙江卷）When the answer was no ,she declined the________(invite) .
