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第二部分 构词法
基础讲练
专题六 构词法
知识清单·构词法专讲
考点 一 派生法
派生法亦称词缀法或缀合法 这是构词法中最活跃的一种 大约有三分之二的英语单词都
ꎬ ꎬ
是用这种方法构成的 因此 掌握一些常用的派生词的构词规律对于我们正确拼写单词和在阅
ꎮ ꎬ
读中正确猜测词义显得尤为重要
ꎮ
在英语的派生词中 词根决定词的根本意义 前缀改变词义 个别前缀改变词性 后缀引起
ꎬ ꎬ ( )ꎬ
词类的改变 个别后缀也会改变词义
( )ꎮ
一、前缀
1.
有否定意义的前缀
前缀 意义 例词
非正式的 informal 无能力的 incapable/incompetent
in ̄ꎬim ̄ꎬ
不ꎬ无ꎬ非 不礼貌的impolite 不成熟的immature 不合法的illegal
il ̄ꎬir ̄
不规则的irregular 不负责的 irresponsible
不寻常的unusual 使人不愉快的unpleasant 不合理的unreasonable
不ꎬ无ꎬ 不安的uneasy 不必要的unnecessary 未完成的 unfinished/undone
un ̄
非ꎬ未 不知道的unaware 未受到注意的unnoticed 不熟悉的unfamiliar
不常有的uncommon 不整洁的untidy 未被预料的unexpected
消失disappear 不赞成 disapprove 不满意的dissatisfied
不ꎬ非ꎬ
dis ̄ 劝阻discourage 不服从disobey 不光彩的 disgraceful
相反
不同意 disagree 不诚实的dishonest 不利因素disadvantage
错误地ꎻ 误导mislead 误解misunderstand 行为不端misbehaviour
mis ̄
不ꎻ错的 拼错 misspell 不信任 mistrust
anti ̄ 反(抗)ꎬ防 防空的anti ̄aircraft 防冻剂antifreeze
除去ꎻ否定ꎬ 降低(质量) degrade 减少decrease 贬值 devalue
de ̄
相反ꎻ降低 毁掉的森林deforest 下降decline
坏ꎬ差ꎬ 虐待ill ̄treat 不礼貌的 ill ̄mannered 考虑欠周的ill ̄considered
ill ̄
不够 信息不足的ill ̄informed 不合时宜的ill ̄timed 时运不济的ill ̄fated
非营利的non ̄profit 非暴力政策non ̄violence 不吸烟者non ̄smoker
5 non ̄ 不ꎬ无ꎬ非
年 直达的non ̄stop 不可再生的non ̄renewable
高
考 2.
表示时间、序列关系的前缀
3
年
模 前缀 意义 例词
拟
A fore ̄ 预先ꎻ在的前部 预知 foretell 前额 forehead 预报forecast
版
pre ̄ 在前 前提precondition 预演preview 战前的 prewar
高
考
英 ex ̄ 前任 前总统ex ̄president 前男友ex ̄boyfriend
语
56续表
前缀 意义 例词
post ̄ 后的 战后的postwar 研究生postgraduate
re ̄ 重新 回收利用recycle 复习review 使恢复精力 refresh
3.
表示比较程度差别、数量关系的前缀
前缀 意义 例词
micro ̄ 微小的 微波microwave 显微镜microscope
vice ̄ 副的 副总统vice ̄president 副总理vice ̄premier 副处长ꎻ副主任vice ̄director
亚于ꎻ在 潜意识(的)subconscious 亚热带的 subtropical 地铁subway
sub ̄
下面ꎻ分支 郊区的suburban 副标题subtitle
semi ̄ 半 半圆形semicircle 半决赛semifinal
bi ̄ 两次ꎻ二 自行车bicycle
tri ̄ 三 三轮脚踏车tricycle 三角形triangle 铁人三项triathlon
multi ̄ 多的 多媒体的multimedia 多元文化的multicultural
4.
表示距离等关系的前缀
前缀 意义 例词
远的ꎻ电视的ꎻ
tele ̄ 望远镜telescope 电话telephone 电视television
通过电话的
横跨ꎻ成为
trans ̄ 转移transfer 使改观transform 传播transmit
(另一状态)
5.
表示特殊意义的前缀
前缀 意义 例词
在上ꎻ向ꎻ 睡着的asleep 活着的alive 独自的alone
a ̄
在状态中 大声地aloud 向前ahead 醒着的awake
auto ̄ 自动的ꎻ自己的 汽车automobile 自传autobiography 自动地automatically
eco ̄ 生态的 生态(学)ecology 生态系统ecosystem 环保的eco ̄friendly
en ̄ 使 使能够enable 使丰富enrich
inter ̄ 相互 国际的international 互联网Internet 相互作用interact
二、后缀
在构词法部分 高考语法填空主要考查 词 后缀 近年来从以下七个方面进行命题
ꎬ “ + ”ꎮ ꎮ
1.
动词转换为名词
后缀 意义 例词
面包师:bake—baker 炊具:cook—cooker 容器:contain—container
的人 猎人:hunt—hunter 教员:train—trainer 发明家:invent—inventor
 ̄erꎬ ̄orꎬ ̄ar 专
或物 统治者:govern—governor 海员:sail—sailor 乞丐:beg—beggar 题
六
说谎者:lie—liar
构
词
法
57续表
后缀 意义 例词
出现/外表:appear—appearance 帮助:assist—assistance
表行动或
 ̄anceꎬ ̄ence 存在:exist—existence 发生:occur—occurrence
状况
查阅/参考:refer—reference 喜爱/偏好:prefer—preference
防止:prevent—prevention 反对:object—objection/oppose—opposition
 ̄ionꎬ ̄ationꎬ 吸引:attract—attraction 保护:conserve—conservation
的行为
 ̄itionꎬ ̄tionꎬ 想象:imagine—imagination 决定:determine—determination
(状态)
 ̄sion 欣赏/感激:appreciate—appreciation 印象:impress—impression
承认:admit—admission 表达:express—expression
评估:assess—assessment 发展:develop—development
的行为 失望:disappoint—disappointment 雇用/就业:employ—employment
 ̄ment
(结果) 鼓舞:encourage—encouragement 款待/娱乐:entertain—entertainment
统治/政府:govern—government 任命/约定:appoint—appointment
表示动作或
包裹:pack—package 客车厢:carry—carriage
结果、状况或
 ̄age 使用:use—usage 储存:store—storage
状态、数量、
通道:pass—passage 邮费:post—postage
费用
过程 快乐:please—pleasure 暴露:expose—exposure
 ̄ure
(行动、结果) 压力:press—pressure 失败:fail—failure
的动作 变暖:warm—warming 园艺:garden—gardening
 ̄ing (结果、制作 感觉:feel—feeling 购物:shop—shopping
的材料) 写作:write—writing 绘画:paint—painting
倾向ꎻ
 ̄ive 炸药:explode—explosive 侦探:detect—detective
性质
 ̄ess 女 女演员:act—actress 女主人:host—hostess
到达:arrive—arrival 埋葬:bury—burial
的过程
 ̄al 幸存:survive—survival 拒绝:refuse—refusal
(状态)
支持:approve—approval
2.
形容词转换为副词
后缀 意义 例词
5 绝对地:absolute—absolutely 仅仅:bare—barely
年
高 真诚地:sincere—sincerely 事实上ꎬ真实地:actual—actually
考
最后:eventual—eventually 很少:rare—rarely
3
 ̄ly 以方式
年
批评性地:critical—critically 身体上:physical—physically
模
拟 有希望地:hopeful—hopefully 平等地:equal—equally
A
立即ꎬ马上:immediate—immediately 偶尔:occasional—occasionally
版
高
考
英
语
583.
名词转换为形容词
后缀 意义 例词
有暴风雨的:storm—stormy 寒冷的:chill—chilly
充满的ꎻ 结霜的:frost—frosty 布满灰尘的:dust—dusty
 ̄y 有特征的ꎻ 臭的:smell—smelly 皮包骨的:skin—skinny
有倾向的 贪婪的:greed—greedy 狡猾的:trick—tricky
光亮的:shine—shiny
实际的:practice—practical 偶然的:accident—accidental
具有特
符合逻辑的:logic—logical 职业的:profession—professional
 ̄alꎬ ̄ial 性的ꎻ与
面部的:face—facial 金融的:finance—financial
有关的
有益的:benefit—beneficial 有影响的:influence—influential
忠实的:faith—faithful 高兴的:joy—joyful/cheer—cheerful
充满的ꎻ 使人快乐的:delight—delightful 可怕的:fear—fearful
 ̄ful
有倾向的 尊敬的:respect—respectful 悲伤的:sorrow—sorrowful
高雅的:grace—graceful 可耻的:shame—shameful
无成效的:fruit—fruitless 无意义的:meaning—meaningless
不痛的:pain—painless 坐立不安的:rest—restless
 ̄less 无ꎬ不
无望的:hope—hopeless 无休止的:end—endless
无家可归的:home—homeless 无限的:limit—limitless
许多的:number—numerous 多山的:mountain—mountainous
冒险的:adventure—adventurous 紧张的:nerve—nervous
有性质的ꎻ
 ̄ous 危险的:danger—dangerous 小心的:caution—cautious
充满的
宗教的:religion—religious 有抱负的:ambition—ambitious
神秘的:mystery—mysterious 幽默的:humor—humorous
基本的:base—basic 历史上著名的:history—historic
系统的:system—systematic 有同情心的:sympathy—sympathetic
 ̄ic 与有关的 戏剧性的:drama—dramatic 悲观的:pessimism—pessimistic
热心的:enthusiasm—enthusiastic 乐观的:optimism—optimistic
科学的:science—scientific
由制成的ꎻ 羊毛的:wool—woolen 金色的:gold—golden
 ̄en
像一样的 木制的:wood—wooden
友好的:friend—friendly 兄弟般的:brother—brotherly
有特征的ꎻ
 ̄ly 有秩序的:order—orderly 昂贵的:cost—costly
每隔时间
每小时的:hour—hourly
美国的:America—American 非洲的:Africa—African
属于某地方的ꎻ
 ̄an 亚洲的:Asia—Asian 加拿大的:Canada—Canadian
与有关的
意大利的:Italy—Italian
专
(表示方向) 题
 ̄ward 向北的:north—northward 回家去的:home—homeward 六
向的
构
词
法
59续表
后缀 意义 例词
北方的:north—northern 南方的:south—southern
 ̄ern 表示方向及性质 东方的:east—eastern 西方的:west—western
东南方的:southeast—southeastern
有性质的ꎻ 愚蠢的:fool—foolish 孩子气的:child—childish
 ̄ish 国家的ꎻ 自私的:self—selfish 略带红色的:red—reddish
有点的 西班牙的:Spain—Spanish
丰富的:abundance—abundant 立即的:instance—instant
宽容的:tolerance—tolerant 暴力的:violence—violent
是的ꎻ
 ̄antꎬ ̄ent 有耐心的:patience—patient 沉默不语的:silence—silent
做的
频繁的:frequence—frequent 依靠的:dependence—dependent
重要的:significance—significant
4.
动词转换为形容词
后缀 意义 例词
想要的:desire—desirable 可洗的:wash—washable
可(能ꎬ应)的ꎻ 合适的:suit—suitable 可爱的:love—loveable/lovable
 ̄ableꎬ
具有性质的ꎻ 可接近的:access—accessible 可行的:work—workable
 ̄ible
处于状态的 可持续的:sustain—sustainable 明智的ꎬ合理的:sense—sensible
可想象的:imagine—imaginable
吸引人的:attract—attractive 创造性的:create—creative
有倾向的ꎬ
 ̄ive 相关的:relate—relative 有竞争力的:compete—competitive
具有性质的
给人印象深刻的:impress—impressive 抑郁的:depress—depressive
引起(或易于)
 ̄some 烦人的:tire—tiresome 讨厌的:bother—bothersome
的
 ̄ed 感到的 吃惊的:amaze—amazed
5.
形容词转换为名词
后缀 意义 例词
充足:abundant—abundance 重要:important—importance
 ̄anceꎬ 能力:competent—competence 优秀:excellent—excellence
表行动或状况
 ̄ence 出席:present—presence 智力:intelligent—intelligence
5
耐心:patient—patience 沉默:silent—silence
年
高
考 冷静:calm—calmness 渴望:eager—eagerness
3
年
的状态 严重:serious—seriousness 稳定:steady—steadiness
 ̄ness
模
(性质、特点) 冷/冷淡:cold—coldness 粗心:careless—carelessness
拟
A 无助:helpless—helplessness 仔细:careful—carefulness
版
高
考
英
语
60续表
后缀 意义 例词
温暖:warm—warmth 宽度:wide—width 真理:true—truth
 ̄th 表示动作或过程 青春:young—youth 体力:strong—strength 死亡:dead—death
深度:deep—depth 长度:long—length
 ̄dom 表示状态或状况 自由:free—freedom 智慧:wise—wisdom
性质ꎻ 流行:popular—popularity 多数:major—majority 好奇:curious—curiosity
 ̄ityꎬ ̄ty
状态 个性:personal—personality 确定:certain—certainty 残忍:cruel—cruelty
 ̄abilityꎬ
性质ꎻ状态 能力:capable—capability 敏感性:sensible—sensibility
 ̄ibility
 ̄cy 性质ꎻ状态 保密:secret—secrecy
6.
名词转换为动词
后缀 意义 例词
 ̄en 使具有某种特性 提高:height—heighten 加强:strength—strengthen
 ̄ifyꎬ ̄fy 使得ꎬ变成 美化:beauty—beautify
以方式说
成为现实:material—materialize 总结:summary—summarize
 ̄ize/ ̄ise (想ꎬ行动)ꎻ
记住:memory—memorize 道歉:apology—apologize
使化
7.
名词转换为名词
后缀 意义 例词
 ̄hood 的状态(性质) 童年childhood 少年时代boyhood 街区neighborhood
的状态(情况、 所有权ownership 奖学金scholarship 关系relationship
 ̄ship 关系、资格、职位、 锦标赛championship 领导才能leadership 公民身份citizenship
技艺) 友谊friendship
专长的人ꎻ 欧洲人European 美国人American 音乐家musician
 ̄anꎬ ̄ian 的专家ꎻ 政治家politician 内科医生physician 喜剧演员comedian
的地方的人 历史学家historian 澳大利亚人Australian
从事的人ꎻ 骑自行车者cyclist 物理学家physicist 钢琴家pianist
 ̄ist
演奏家 记者journalist 心理学家psychologist 科学家scientist
受动者ꎻ
 ̄ee 应试者examinee 被接见(采访)者interviewee
与有关的人
 ̄eer 与有关的人 登山者mountaineer 工程师engineer
 ̄er 与有关的人 天文学家astronomer 哲学家philosopher
 ̄ism 行为ꎻ现象 旅游业tourism
专
题
六
构
词
法
61考点 二 合成法
合成法指用两个或两个以上的独立的单词合成一个新词的构词法
ꎮ
一、合成名词
合成方法 例词
书店bookstore 报纸newspaper 人类 mankind 发源地birthplace
地标landmark 白天daytime 协同工作teamwork 瀑布 waterfall
名词 名词
+ 农田farmland 祖国homeland 牙刷toothbrush 数据库 database
教室classroom
公路highway 大陆mainland 软件software 硬件 hardware
形容词 名词
+ 公文包 briefcase
大衣overcoat 下午afternoon 市中心downtown 衰败 downfall
介词/副词 名词
+ 旁观者 onlooker
名词 动词 ̄ing 书法handwriting 健身bodybuilding 举重weightlifting
+
突破breakthrough 聚会get ̄together 岳父father ̄in ̄law 机构 set ̄up
其他构成方式
体检 check ̄up 中间人 go ̄between 成年人grown ̄up 儿媳daughter ̄in ̄law
二、合成形容词
合成方法 例词
心地善良的kind ̄hearted 热心肠的warm ̄hearted
目光短浅的short ̄sighted 心不在焉的absent ̄minded
左撇子的left ̄handed (老者)白发苍苍的white ̄haired
形容词 名词  ̄ed
+ + 恒温的warm ̄blooded 和蔼可亲的good ̄natured
易怒的bad ̄tempered 思想开明的open ̄minded
狭隘的narrow ̄minded 头脑简单的simple ̄minded
形容词 动词 ̄ing 漂亮的good ̄looking 低(洼)的low ̄lying 随和的easy ̄going
+
永久的everlasting 职位高的high ̄ranking 突出的outstanding
副词 动词 ̄ing
+ 辛勤的hard ̄working 影响深远的far ̄reaching
著名的well ̄known 新婚的 newly ̄married
本地生产的locally ̄produced 正式承认的officially ̄recognized
密切相关的closely ̄related 广泛接受的 widely ̄accepted
副词 过去分词
+ 穿着随意的informally ̄dressed 所谓的so ̄called
5
容易形成的easily ̄formed 正式发行的officially ̄released
年
新建的newly ̄built 高度发达的highly ̄developed
高
考
3 省时的time ̄saving 耗能的energy ̄consuming
年
模 名词 动词 ̄ing 爱好和平的peace ̄loving 说英语的English ̄speaking
+
拟
令人极度伤心的heartbreaking 惊人的breathtaking
A
版 国营的state ̄owned 衷心的 heartfelt
高 名词 过去分词 人造的 man ̄made 被雪覆盖的snow ̄covered
考 +
英 家里制作的home ̄made
语
62续表
合成方法 例词
有成本效益的cost ̄effective 免关税的duty ̄free
名词 形容词 全国性的nationwide 禁止吸烟的smoke ̄free
+
世界著名的world ̄famous 环保的environment ̄friendly
大规模的large ̄scale 高级的high ̄class 全职的full ̄time
形容词 名词
+ 长期的long ̄term 第一流的first ̄class
形容词 形容词 炽热的red ̄hot 深蓝的dark ̄blue
+
数词 名词  ̄ed 三条腿的three ̄legged 片面的one ̄sided 六层楼的six ̄storeyed
+ +
其他构成方式 防水的waterproof 面对面的face ̄to ̄face 全面的all ̄round
三、合成副词
然而however 可能maybe 稍微somewhat 无论怎样anyhow 在楼下downstairs 现在nowadays
处处everywhere 永远forever 否则otherwise
四、合成代词
某物something 某人somebody 我们自己ourselves 没有人nobody 所有人everyone
五、合成动词
沐日光浴sunbathe 梦游sleepwalk 理解understand 吃得过量overeat 强调underline
考点 三 转化法
转化法指一个单词词形不变而改变词性的构词法
ꎮ
转化方法 例词
动词转化为名词 怀疑doubt 要求demand 参观visit
书/预订book 船/船运ship 水/浇水water
手/交hand 脸/面对face 头/朝(某方向)行进head
名词转化为动词
傻瓜/愚弄fool 护士/护理nurse 座位/使坐下seat
电影/拍摄电影film 火车/培训train 地图/绘制的地图map
慢的/减速slow 干的/使变干dry 自由的/释放free
形容词转化为动词
温暖的/使变暖warm 空的/倒空empty 失明的/使失明blind
公平的/展销会 fair 主要的/首领chief 耐心的/病人 patient
形容词转化为名词 安全的/保险箱safe 稳定的/马厩stable 相对的/亲戚relative
清楚的/平原plain 满意的/内容content
形容词转化为副词 长的/长期地long 艰苦的/努力地hard 高的/高地high
专
题
六
构
词
法
63考点 四 缩写和简写
一、截短法
考试examination exam 电话telephone phone 飞机airplane plane
→ → →
实验室laboratory lab 照片photograph photo 广告advertisement ad
→ → →
冰箱refrigerator fridge 数学mathematics math(s) 宿舍dormitory dorm
→ → →
二、首字母缩略法
千米每小时kilometres per hour kph 贵宾Very Important Person VIP
→ →
世界贸易组织World Trade Organization WTO 联合国United Nations UN
→ →
单句填空·构词法专练
5 年高考
1. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road in order to promote environmental
ꎬ
protect . ( 全国甲)
( ) 2022
2.Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaning . ( 全国甲)
( ) 2022
3.As a main promoter of the International Tea Day the birthplace of tea and the largest tea ̄
ꎬ
producing country China has a responsible to work with other countries to
ꎬ ( )
promote the healthy development of the tea industry. ( 全国乙)
2022
4.When the answer was no she declined the invite . ( 浙江 月)
ꎬ ( ) 2022 1
5.Supposedly you can do it in two hours but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to
ꎬ
take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their day routines.
( )
( 全国甲)
2021
6.Provide finance aid and other benefits for local peoples. ( 全国乙)
( ) 2021
7.But thats how nature is always leaving us astonish . ( 新高考 )
— ( ) 2021 Ⅰ
8.I told him how harm plastic could be to the environment and asked him to
( )
consider using more eco ̄friendly options. ( 新高考 )
2021 Ⅱ
9.But years later the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had
30 ꎬ
narrowed sharp . ( 浙江 月)
( ) 2021 1
5 10.In they bought it for $ and some land from Charles Dresser who performed their
年 1844 1ꎬ200 ꎬ
高
考 marry ceremony in . ( 浙江 月)
( ) 1842 2021 6
3
年 11.This is particular true in the US. ( 浙江 月)
模 ( ) 2020 1
拟 12.Landing on the moons far side is extreme challenging. ( 全国 )
( ) 2020 Ⅰ
A
版 13.Chinese New Year is a celebrate marking the end of the winter season and the
( )
高 beginning of spring. ( 全国 )
考 2020 Ⅱ
英
语 14.Historical accurate is important but so is entertainment. ( 新高考 )
( ) 2020 Ⅰ
6415.At the same time computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses
ꎬ
continue to develop education computer programs for children in preschool.
( )
( 新高考 )
2020 Ⅱ
16.Also technological know ̄how has become a require for most jobs in an
ꎬ ( )
increasingly digital world... ( 新高考 )
2020 Ⅱ
17.When they were free from work they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting
ꎬ
compete to watch together with the story behind it. ( 全国 )
( ) ꎬ 2019 Ⅲ
18.They also shared with us many tradition stories about Hawaii that were popular
( )
with tourists. ( 全国 )
2019 Ⅲ
19.To avoid knee pain you can run on soft surfaces do exercises to strength your
ꎬ ꎬ ( )
leg muscles 肌肉 avoid hills and get good running shoes. ( 全国 )
( )ꎬ 2018 Ⅰ
20.This switch has decreased pollute in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and
( )
made drinking water safer for people. ( 全国 )
2018 Ⅱ
21.According to the World Bank China accounts for about percent of total
ꎬ 30
globe fertilizer consumption. ( 全国 )
( ) 2018 Ⅱ
答案
1.protection 2.meaningful 3.responsibility 4.invitation 5.daily 6.financial 7.astonished
8.harmful 9.sharply 10.marriage 11.particularly 12.extremely 13.celebration
14.accuracy 15.educational 16.requirement 17.competition 18.traditional 19.strengthen
20.pollution 21.global
3 年模拟
1.In addition to being hunted for their shells hawksbill turtles are also desperate
ꎬ ( )
desired as precious food. ( 河北唐山二模)
2022
2.But the most value experience of all was discovering a new sense of
( )
independence she said. ( 广东广州一模)
ꎬ 2022
3.Then the popular of writing poems and drawing pictures on the cover of a fan was
( )
rising. ( 福建泉州四校联考)
2022
4.So they collected clips of different environment sounds including water
20 ( ) ꎬ
dripping ice cracking whales calling and so on. ( 山东临沂一模)
ꎬ ꎬ 2022
5.Moreover in the propose the committee said the country should speed up the
ꎬ ( )ꎬ
building of waste recycling systems. ( 河北衡水六调)
2022
专
6.Equipped with cameras sensors and screens the smart trash stations are interact 题
ꎬ ꎬ ( ) 六
and help people reasonably deal with different kinds of trash. ( 河北衡水六调)
2022 构
词
7.Robert Owens felt defeated and helpless on Sunday as he waited for one of the most 法
65power hurricanes ever to strike the US. ( 湖北新高考联考协作体 月联考)
( ) 2022 12
8.The purpose is to educate people to take up their social responsible .
( )
( 广东深圳一调)
2022
9.I enjoy observing animals in their nature environment. ( 广东梅州一模)
( ) 2022
10.Chen showed that knowing how to perform CPR can be benefit .
( )
( 宁夏石嘴山适应性测试)
2022
11. fortunately less than percent of Chinese adults have mastered the skill of
( )ꎬ 1
CPR while many have never heard of it. ( 宁夏石嘴山适应性测试)
ꎬ 2022
12.Today people order cheap clothes on the Internet for convenient and if they
ꎬ ( )
dont like them they sometimes throw them away. ( 山西晋城二模)
ꎬ 2022
13.The elephants are traveling from their home a mountain area of Yunnan
ꎬ ( )
Province toward the city of Kunming. ( 甘肃二诊)
ꎬ 2022
14.Officials in cities have used building equip to prevent the animals from entering
( )
and have dropped food to keep them away. ( 甘肃二诊)
2022
15.Besides spending time in nature and doing projects to improve the planets outcome to the
ꎬ ꎬ
extent of ones able to help may also provide significant benefit.
( ) ꎬ
( 河南许平汝联盟核心模拟三)
2022
16.Those experiencing eco ̄anxiety may also find it help to take breaks from
( )
technology in order to pursue more nature ̄oriented and relaxing hobbies such as yoga and
gardening. ( 河南许平汝联盟核心模拟三)
2022
17.Only men and women in Denmark and Norway and women in Finland managed to
successful avoid drops in life expectancy the study said. ( 广东湛江二模)
( ) ꎬ 2022
18.The initial adopt of the term China ̄Chic was similar to Brit Style which
( ) “ ” “ ”ꎬ
represents a unique fashion trend mainly defined by the countrys differentiating cultural elements.
( 广东梅州二模)
2022
19.Tourists are led in explore of the Taoist mountains which have witnessed
( )
Chinese civilization for five thousand years and they can appreciate the infinite charm of Mount
Qiyun. ( 广东茂名二模)
2022
20.Well if you are both an enthusiasm reader and eater you may want to take part
ꎬ ( ) ꎬ
5
年 in an edible book festival. ( 广东广州二模)
2022
高
考 21.Experts from the World Tourism Organization also marveled that Puer is a poet
3 ( )
年 and romantic city and even its air is filled with romance. ( 湖南雅礼十六校联考二)
模 2022
拟
22.The writing project isnt easy but her readers have followed her on a journey to self ̄acceptance
A ꎬ
版 and confident . ( 黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模)
( ) 2022
高
答案
考
英
语 1.desperately 2.valuable 3.popularity 4.environmental 5.proposal 6.interactive
667.powerful 8.responsibilities/responsibility 9.natural 10.beneficial 11.Unfortunately
12.convenience 13.mountainous 14.equipment 15.ability 16.helpful 17.successfully
18.adoption 19.exploration 20.enthusiastic 21.poetic 22.confidence
语篇填空·构词法专练
1
Passage ( 新高考 改编)
2022 Ⅰ
The Chinese government . recent finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda
1 ( )
National Park GPNP . Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park
( ) ꎬ
the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend .
2
protect to a significant number of areas that were . previous unprotected bringing
( ) 3 ( ) ꎬ
many of the . exist protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase
4 ( )
effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in . manage .
5 ( )
After a three ̄year pilot period the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is
ꎬ
designed to reflect the . guide principle of protecting the authenticity 原真性 and
6 ( ) “ ( )
integrity 完整 of natural ecosystems preserving . biology diversity protecting
( ) ꎬ 7 ( ) ꎬ
ecological buffer zones and leaving behind precious natural assets 资产 for future generations . The
ꎬ ( ) ”
GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas
ꎬ
and . eventual achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
8 ( )
Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species bringing protection to a host of plants and
ꎬ
animals in the . southwest and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended
9 ( )
to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and
. significant improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
10 ( )
答案
语篇解读 文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划ꎮ
[ ]
1.recently 2.protection 3.previously 4.existing 5.management 6.guiding 7.biological
8.eventually 9.southwestern 10.significantly
2
Passage ( 全国乙改编)
2021
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact 影响 travel to undisturbed places. It is
( )
different from traditional . tour because it allows the traveler to become educated
1 ( )
about the areas both in terms of . geography conditions and cultural
— 2 ( )
characteristics and often provides money for . conserve and benefits the
ꎬ 3 ( )
development of the local areas.
Ecotourism has its origin with the . environment movement of the s. It
4 ( ) 1970 专
was not . wide accepted as a travel concept until the late s. During that time 题
5 ( ) 1980 ꎬ 六
increasing environmental awareness made it . desire .
构
6 ( )
词
Due to the growing popularity of environmentally ̄related and adventure travel various types of 法
ꎬ
67trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually a true eco ̄friendly trip must meet the
ꎬ
following principles
:
Minimize the impact of visiting the place.
●
Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
●
Provide . finance aid and other benefits for local peoples.
● 7 ( )
Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the . visit
● 8 ( )
and the hosts.
Komodo National Park . official recognized in is popular for
ꎬ 9 ( ) 1980ꎬ
ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking
远足 and . accommodate aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
( ) 10 ( )
答案
语篇解读 文章讲述了生态旅游的情况ꎮ
[ ]
1.tourism 2.geographical 3.conservation 4.environmental 5.widely 6.desirable
7.financial 8.visitors 9.officially 10.accommodations
3
Passage ( 新高考 改编)
2020 Ⅱ
These days it is not unusual for  ̄ to  ̄year ̄olds to publish their own websites or for second
ꎬ 10 12
and third . grade to begin computer classes. At the same time computer games are
1 ( ) ꎬ
becoming . increase popular as major . publish houses continue to
2 ( ) 3 ( )
develop educational computer programs for children in preschool. Also .
ꎬ 4
technology know ̄how has become a . require for most jobs in an increasingly
( ) 5 ( )
digital world as the computer has become a common tool in most professions.
ꎬ
The Digital World is a set of volumes that aim to describe how digital systems influence society
and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each
volume in the set explores a wide range of material explains the basic concepts of major
ꎬ
. apply of digital systems and discusses the influences they have on
6 ( ) ꎬ
. every day life. Because the number of possible topics is .
7 ( ) 8
practical limitless we focus on a sample of the most . interest and useful
( ) ꎬ 9 ( )
applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers are encouraged to
continue exploring the digital world with the . guide of our Further Resources
10 ( )
section featured in each volume.
5
年
答案
高
考
3 语篇解读 文章主要介绍了«数字世界»的出版背景和目的等方面的信息ꎮ
[ ]
年
模 1.graders 2.increasingly 3.publishing 4.technological 5.requirement 6.applications/
拟
application 7.everyday 8.practically 9.interesting 10.guidance
A
版
高
考
英
语
684
Passage ( 全国 改编)
2018 Ⅰ
According to a review of . evident in a medical journal .
1 ( ) ꎬ 2
run live three years longer than non ̄runners. You dont have to run fast or for long to see the
( )
benefit. You may drink smoke be . overweigh and still reduce your risk of dying
ꎬ ꎬ 3 ( )
early by running.
While running . regular cant make you live forever the review says it is more
4 ( ) ꎬ
. effect at lengthening life than walking cycling or swimming. Two of the authors
5 ( ) ꎬ
of the review also made a study published in which showed a mere five to minutes a day of
2014 10
running reduced the risk of heart disease and early . dead from all causes.
6 ( )
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...its .
7
probable running. To avoid knee pain you can run on soft surfaces do exercises to
( ) ꎬ ꎬ
. strength your leg muscles 肌肉 avoid hills and get good .
8 ( ) ( )ꎬ 9
run shoes. Running is cheap easy and its always . energy . If you are time
( ) ꎬ 10 ( )
poor you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports so perhaps we
ꎬ ꎬ
should all give running a try.
答案
语篇解读 文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处ꎮ
[ ]
1.evidence 2.runners 3.overweight 4.regularly 5.effective 6.deaths 7.probably
8.strengthen 9.running 10.energetic
5
Passage ( 广东兴宁一中开学摸底联考改编)
2022
A Sweet Art Sugar Painting
—
In and around Chinas south ̄western Sichuan Province one can often find folk .
ꎬ 1
art producing sugar paintings with liquid sugar along the streets and in the parks.
( )
According to some . academy studies sugar painting .
2 ( ) ꎬ 3
origin from the Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures were made in molds 模具 as part
( ) ( )
of a sacrifice in a . religion ceremony. In the Qing Dynasty sugar painting gained
4 ( ) ꎬ
more . popular . The . produce techniques were upgraded and the
5 ( ) 6 ( )
patterns became more various most of which stood for good luck. As time passed by the
ꎬ ꎬ
contemporary form of sugar painting has . gradual evolved.
7 ( )
Although the number of sugar . paint has decreased due to the arts unique
8 ( ) ꎬ
charm a certain number of artists are making efforts to preserve it by offering classes and holding
ꎬ
relevant activities such as sugar painting contests which dozens of . compete
ꎬ 9 ( )
entered.
专
Nowadays this art is getting support again from the general public and it has already been listed 题
ꎬ 六
as a national intangible cultural heritage. Moreover the sugar painting artists have gained increasing
构
ꎬ
词
. recognize . 法
10 ( )
69答案
语篇解读 文章介绍了民间艺术———糖画的相关情况ꎮ
[ ]
1.artists 2.academic 3.originated 4.religious 5.popularity 6.production 7.gradually
8.painters 9.competitors 10.recognition
6
Passage ( 江苏苏北七市三模改编)
2022
It is no secret that China has an . incredible rich and complex history and
1 ( )
culture. My first . expose to Chinese culture came at a very early age
2 ( ) ꎬ
. total by chance. At I walked into a bookshop and picked a book from one of
3 ( ) 8ꎬ
the shelves. The book turned out to be Tao Te Ching a deeply philosophical book of Taoism. The
“ ꎬ”
books content was . obvious lost on me but it provided me with an early
4 ( ) ꎬ
. connect to a profound philosophical tradition by which I am still influenced today.
5 ( )
At school I began studying Chinese. My interest in the language developed early on combining
ꎬ
my love of travelling with my love of meeting new people. I am . luck enough to
6 ( )
have lived in China for three years. It was a good opportunity for me to experience the nations
diverse customs and traditions.
Culture and food are . close connected and perhaps nowhere else can this be
7 ( )
seen more . clear than in China. In recent years there has been a rise in restaurants
8 ( )
offering a . various of foods here. I have introduced many of my friends to Chinese
9 ( )
history and culture through a shared love of food.
It is safe to say that my journey has only just begun. These first steps are only a drop in the
ocean of lifelong learning but as the Chinese . philosophy Lao Tzu said a
ꎬ 10 ( ) ꎬ
journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
答案
语篇解读 作者从 岁开始接触«道德经»ꎬ然后被中国文化深深吸引ꎬ通过在中国居住以及品
[ ] 8
尝中国美食ꎬ作者更进一步地了解了中国文化ꎮ
1.incredibly 2.exposure 3.totally 4.obviously 5.connection 6.lucky 7.closely 8.clearly
9.variety 10.philosopher
7
Passage ( 江苏苏锡常镇四市教学情况调查二改编)
2022
Ivana is an international student from Tsinghua University. During the COVID ̄ outbreak she
5 19 ꎬ
年 got the best opportunity to understand China. She saw millions of people united with one goal to
高 —
考
win the battle against COVID ̄ . She has never seen such collective . dedicate
3 19 1 ( )
年
from a nation turning things for the better by sacrificing personal . convenient .
模
ꎬ 2 ( )
拟
Over the past year she has been . active engaged in searching for
A ꎬ 3 ( )
版 . national connections in the healthcare industry first for China and later on for her
4 ( ) ꎬ
高
own country. Thanks to the network she built through Tsinghua she was able to organize
考
ꎬ
英
语 . donate of personal protective . equip for both China and her own
5 ( ) 6 ( )
70country.
Every graduating student has their own unique experiences and stories Ivana said at the
“ ꎬ”
. graduate ceremony but I believe we all have had a . reward
7 ( ) ꎬ “ 8 ( )
experience in Tsinghua. She would very much like to extend her gratitude to Tsinghua University
” ꎬ
to the Chinese government and to the great civilization with the . wise of self ̄
ꎬ 9 ( )
discipline and social . commit .
10 ( )
答案
语篇解读 留学生 Ivana 目击了中国人民团结一心抗疫的情景ꎬ自己也尽了一份力ꎬ帮助中国
[ ]
和自己的国家抗击疫情ꎮ
1.dedication 2.convenience 3.actively 4.international 5.donation/donations 6.equipment
7.graduation 8.rewarding 9.wisdom 10.commitment
8
Passage ( 浙江绍兴二模改编)
2022
At the end of the th century nearly percent of American cars were electric. In cities with
19 ꎬ 40
early electric systems . battery power cars were a popular and .
ꎬ 1 ( ) 2
rely choice compared with their gas ̄powered competitors. But early car batteries were expensive
( ) ꎬ
and . efficient . At the same time new . discover of oil fields
3 ( ) ꎬ 4 ( )
lowered the price of gas and new advances made gas ̄powered cars more . appeal .
ꎬ 5 ( )
Thats why gas ̄powered cars ruled the roads for the next years. Aside from some special purpose
55
vehicles electric cars were nowhere to be found.
ꎬ
However in the s the tide began to turn. Studies associating car emissions with smog
ꎬ 1980 ꎬ
霾 encouraged governments to . consider electric vehicles. Many companies were
( ) 6 ( )
developing . increase efficient batteries at that time. Since electric vehicles
7 ( ) 2008ꎬ
have improved in cost performance efficiency and . available . They can
ꎬ ꎬ 8 ( )
accelerate faster than gas ̄powered sports cars. And though some models still have a high upfront
cost they save . drive money in the long run.
ꎬ 9 ( )
As governments around the world focus on . slow climate change electric
10 ( ) ꎬ
vehicles are now expected to perform better. Soon electric cars will reclaim their place on the road.
ꎬ
答案
语篇解读 电动汽车曾在历史上出现过ꎬ但由于成本过高和低效而被汽油驱动的汽车取代ꎮ
[ ]
世纪 年代开始ꎬ由于汽车尾气排放造成的雾霾ꎬ电动汽车开始重新被各国政府考虑ꎮ
20 80
1.battery ̄powered 2.reliable 3.inefficient 4.discovery/discoveries 5.appealing
6.reconsider 7.increasingly 8.availability 9.drivers 10.slowing
专
题
六
构
词
法
71