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第三部分 句法
基础讲练
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
专题七 谓语动词的时态和被动语态
知识清单·谓语动词的时态和被动语态专讲
考点 一 谓语动词的时态
一、时态概述
英语中动词的时态主要由动词的不同形式来表示 普通高中英语课程标准 年版
ꎮ « (2017
年修订 要求学习和掌握的时态有 种 现以 work 为例展示这 种时态的形式
2020 )» 10 ꎮ 10 :
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 work/works am/is/are working have/has worked have/has been working
过去 worked was/were working had worked —
将来 shall/will work shall/will be working — —
过去将来 should/would work — — —
二、一般现在时
generallyꎬrarelyꎬonceaweekꎬatweekendsꎬonSundays等ꎮ
1.
一般现在时的构成
表示现在的特征 能力 性格等
2) 、 、 ꎮ
一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示 如果主
ꎬ
语为第三人称单数 则一般在动词原形后加
ꎬ This job calls for great patience.
 ̄s或 ̄es 其变化规则如下表所示
ꎬ : 这份工作需要极大的耐心ꎮ
情况 规则 例词
We are very busy these days.
一般情况 加 ̄s eat eats
→ 这些天我们很忙ꎮ
以sꎬshꎬchꎬxꎬ discuss discusses
加 ̄es → 表示客观事实 普遍真理或格言等
o结尾的动词 teach teaches 3) 、 ꎮ
→
以辅音字母加y 变y为iꎬ carry carries
→
结尾的动词 再加 ̄es fly flies Light travels faster than sound.
→
2.
一般现在时的用法 光比声音传播得快ꎮ
表示经常性 习惯性的动作或存在的状态
Magellan proved that the earth is round.
1) 、 ꎮ
麦哲伦证实地球是圆的ꎮ
I leave home for school at every morning.
表示将来
7
4) ꎮ
我每天早上七点从家出发去学校ꎮ
5 在时间状语从句 条件状语从句或让步状语
年 ① 、
Do you go to football matches very often?
高 从句中
考 ꎮ
3
你常去看足球赛吗?
年
模 One of the machines is out of order.
拟 Even if we achieve great success in our
有一台机器出了毛病ꎮ
A
版 studiesꎬ we will not be conceited.
温馨提示
高 即使我们在学习上取得很大成功ꎬ我们也不
考 常与一般现在时连用的状语有 oftenꎬ alwaysꎬ usuallyꎬ
英
语 sometimesꎬ every dayꎬ occasionallyꎬ neverꎬ seldomꎬ 会自大的ꎮ (让步状语从句)
72
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋按时间表将要发生的动作或事先安排好的
②
动作 When I was a childꎬ I often played football in
ꎮ
the street. 当我是个孩子的时候ꎬ我经常在街
上踢足球ꎮ
The train arrives at : .
10 30
在时间状语从句 条件状语从句或让步状语
火车十点半到达ꎮ
3) 、
从句中 用一般过去时表示过去将来的
用于图片说明 电影说明 戏剧内容及场景 ꎬ
5) 、 、
动作
解说等 ꎮ
ꎮ
She said she would come if I promised to wait
Jack passes the ball to John and John catches
for her. 她说如果我答应等她ꎬ她会来的ꎮ
it. He jumps and casts it into the basket.
used to 动词原形 或 would 动词原形
4)“ + ” “ + ”
杰克把球传给约翰ꎮ 约翰接过球ꎬ跳起来把
也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 但两
ꎬ
球投进篮筐里ꎮ
者的用法有所区别
ꎮ
三、一般过去时
1.
一般过去时的构成 I used to go out every night.
一般过去时由动词的过去式表示 其规则动 我以前每晚都外出ꎮ (现在不再这样做了)
ꎮ
词变化方法如下 We would stay up all night talking about our
:
future.(那时候)我们常常彻夜谈论我们的
情况 规则 例词
将来ꎮ (今后有可能再发生)
一般情况 加 ̄ed pack packed
→
以辅音字 四、一般将来时
变y为iꎬ carry carried
母加y结尾 → 1. 一般将来时的基本形式及用法
再加 ̄ed try tried
的动词 →
一般将来时由 will/shall 动词原形 构成
“ + ” ꎬ
以重读闭音节
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状
结尾而末尾 双写该辅音字 plan planned
→ 态 也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作 常与
只有一个辅音 母ꎬ再加 ̄ed stop stopped ꎬ ꎬ
→
表示将来的时间状语连用 如tomorrow next
字母的动词
ꎬ ꎬ
year in the future 等
以字母e结尾 like liked
ꎬ ꎮ
加 ̄d →
的动词 provide provided
→
2. 一般过去时的用法 The company will launch a new version of the
表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状 software in July.
1)
态 常常与 yesterday two days ago in 该公司将在七月份发行软件的新版本ꎮ
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ 1990
专
2.
等表示过去的时间状语连用 表示将来意义的其他方式 题
ꎮ 七
be going to do 表示现在打算做的事或有迹
1) 谓
语
CCTV ̄ broadcast the football match last 象表明最近要发生的事
动
5 ꎮ
词
night. 昨天晚上中央电视台体育频道播放了 的
时
这场足球赛ꎮ They are going to hold a meeting to discuss 态
和
被
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 常常与 our research project.
动
2) ꎬ
语
always often 等表示频率的时间状语连用 他们打算开个会来讨论我们的研究计划ꎮ 态
ꎬ ꎮ
73
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋2. It looks as if the weather is going to turn 现在进行时的用法
nasty.好像要变天了ꎮ (有迹象表明会发生) 表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事 常与
1) ꎬ
be doing 可用来表示计划 安排好要采取的 now at this moment at present 等连用
2) 、 ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
动作或要做的事情 常与表将来的时间状语
ꎬ
连用
ꎮ I􀆳m waiting to have a word with you.
我在等着和你说句话ꎮ
We􀆳re leaving early tomorrow morning.
表示现阶段正在进行的动作
2) ꎮ
我们明天一早就出发ꎮ
一般现在时可以表示按规定 计划或时间表
3) 、 They are revising the laws to protect the rights
要发生的事 在条件 时间 让步状语从句中
ꎻ 、 、 of women and children.
可用一般现在时表将来
ꎮ
他们正在修订法律以保护妇女和儿童的
权利ꎮ
According to the timetableꎬ we have no
用来强调某个反复重复的动作 常与
classes tomorrow. 3) ꎬ
always constantly continually forever 等副
根据时间安排ꎬ明天我们不上课ꎮ
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
词连用 表达说话者对主语行为的生气 赞
I􀆳ll write to her when I have time.
ꎬ 、
我有空会给她写信ꎮ 扬 同情 不满 好奇等感情
、 、 、 ꎮ
be about to do表示客观上马上要发生的事 一
4) ꎬ
般不与具体的时间状语连用 可与when连用 Maria is always thinking of others instead of
ꎬ ꎮ
herself.
I􀆳m not about to stop when I􀆳m so close to 玛丽亚总为别人而不为自己着想ꎮ (赞美)
success.成功离我如此近ꎬ我不打算停下来ꎮ 表示按计划或安排要发生的事
4) ꎮ
be to do sth.表示安排好或要求做的事
5) ꎮ
The train is arriving soon.
She is to be married next month.
火车就要到了ꎮ
她定于下月结婚ꎮ
一般不能用于进行时态的动词
五、现在进行时
存在状态类:beꎬ existꎬ remainꎬ stay等
1.
现在进行时的构成 感情类:likeꎬ loveꎬ hateꎬ prefer等
be am/is/are 动词 ̄ing 动词 ̄ing 的变化 感觉、感知类:hearꎬ seeꎬ smellꎬ taste等
( )+ ꎮ
规则如下 从属与占有类:belong(to)ꎬ containꎬ have等
5
:
年
思考、理解等心理活动类:believeꎬdoubtꎬforgetꎬknow等
高 情况 规则 例词
考
3 一般情况 加 ̄ing try trying
年 → 六、过去进行时
模 以重读闭音节结尾 双写该辅音
拟 regret regretting 1. 过去进行时的构成:was/were 动词 ̄ing
且末尾只有一个辅 字 母ꎬ 再 → + ꎮ
A
ban banning 2.
版 音字母的动词 加 ̄ing → 过去进行时的用法
高 以不发音的字母e 去掉 eꎬ 再 hate hating 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在发
考 → 1)
英 结尾的动词 加 ̄ing date dating
语 → 生的动作
ꎮ
74
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋of people and organisations have begun
We were discussing the plan at this time coming up with plans to counter this trend.
yesterday. 在过去的几年里ꎬ越来越多的人和组织开始
昨天这时候我们正在讨论这个计划ꎮ 提出遏制这一趋势的计划ꎮ
温馨提示 温馨提示
常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有 at that timeꎬ at that 常与现在完成时连用的状语有 alreadyꎬyetꎬrecentlyꎬ
momentꎬat this time yesterdayꎬat ten o􀆳clock yesterday等 latelyꎬneverꎬeverꎬbeforeꎬsince thenꎬever sinceꎬfor a long
timeꎬin the past/last few yearsꎬup to nowꎬso far等ꎮ
用来描写故事发生的背景或提供故事发生
2)
的时间背景 用在固定句型中
ꎮ 3) ꎮ
在 This/It is the first/second/...time that 从
① “ +
句 中 that 从句用现在完成时
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing
” ꎬ ꎮ
hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young
woman suddenly appeared on the riverside. It􀆳s the first time that the boy has spoken to a
那是一个漆黑的夜晚ꎬ狂风大作ꎬ大雨倾盆ꎬ foreigner.
一位年轻的女士突然出现在河岸上ꎮ 这是这个男孩第一次同外国人说话ꎮ
表达褒贬等感情色彩 过去进行时可以和 在 It is/has been 时间段 since 从句 中
3) : ② “ + + ” ꎬ
always constantly continually forever 等连 since 从句用一般过去时
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
用 表示说话人的主观感情 如赞扬 不满
ꎬ ꎬ 、 、
厌烦等 It is/has been two years and a half since we
ꎮ
began to study in our school.
He was forever complaining about something. 我们在本校已经学习了两年半ꎮ
他老是怨这怨那ꎮ 八、过去将来时
1.
七、现在完成时 过去将来时的构成:should/would 动词原形
+ ꎮ
1. 现在完成时的构成:have/has 过去分词 2. 过去将来时的用法
+ ꎮ
2. 现在完成时的用法 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存
表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响 在的状态
1) ꎮ
或产生的结果
ꎮ
I asked if he would come and fix my TV set.
专
题
I have finished all my homework (so far). 我问他是否能来安装我的电视机ꎮ 七
3. 谓
(到目前为止)我已完成所有作业ꎮ 表示过去将来的其他方式
语
动
表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或 was/were going to do 表示过去打算或计划 词
2) 1) 的
时
状态 将要做某事
态
ꎮ ꎮ
和
被
动
语
In the past few yearsꎬ an increasing number He said he was going to live in the country 态
75
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋when he retired. 经病了一个星期了ꎮ
他说他打算退休后住在乡村ꎮ 过去完成时的固定结构
2)
was/were about to do 结构指过去某时 即 had hardly done...when...did...和no sooner had...
2) “ ①
将 发生的动作 done...than...did...表示 一 就 当
” ꎮ “ 􀆺􀆺 􀆺􀆺”ꎻ
hardly 位于句首时 主句部分倒装
ꎬ ꎮ
I was about to go out when a friend dropped
in. 我正要出去ꎬ这时一个朋友来访ꎮ His sister had hardly heard the terrible news
was/were doing 多用于 go come leave when she burst into tears. Hardly had his
3) ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ =
arrive等瞬间性动词 表过去将要发生的情况 sister heard the terrible news when she burst
ꎬ ꎮ
into tears. 他的妹妹一听到这个骇人听闻的
A lot of people were coming to watch the
消息就放声大哭起来ꎮ
fireworks. 许多人都会来看烟火表演ꎮ 在 That/It was the first/second/...time that
② “ +
从句 中 that 从句用过去完成时
九、将来进行时 ” ꎬ ꎮ
1.
将来进行时的构成: will/shall be 动
+ +
It was the first time that we had found
词 ̄ing
ꎮ
2. common ground. 那是我们头一回达成共识ꎮ
将来进行时的用法
在 It was/had been 时间段 since 从句 中
表示将来某时正在进行的动作 也可以表示
③ “ + + ” ꎬ
ꎬ
从句用过去完成时
已计划好的事
ꎮ
ꎮ
It was ten years since he had left Beijing.
This time tomorrow we􀆳ll be sitting in the
他离开北京已经十年了ꎮ
cinema and watching a film.
温馨提示
明天这个时候我们会坐在电影院看电影ꎮ
“by 过去的时间”意为“截止到过去的某个时间”ꎬ可与
十、过去完成时 +
过去完成时态连用ꎻ“by 现在的时间”意为“截止到现
1. +
过去完成时的构成:had 过去分词
+ ꎮ 在的某个时间”ꎬ可与现在完成时态连用ꎮ
2.
过去完成时的用法
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的 十一、现在完成进行时
1)
动作或存在的状态 即 过去的过去 1. 现在完成进行时的构成:have/has been 动
ꎬ “ ”ꎮ + +
5 词 ̄ing
年 ꎮ
高 By the end of yesterdayꎬ we had received 2. 现在完成进行时的用法
考
3
年 over ꎬ letters from all over the world. 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动
模 1 000 1)
拟 到昨天为止ꎬ我们已经收到了来自世界各地 作 这个动作现在仍在继续
ꎬ ꎮ
A
版 的 ꎬ 多封信ꎮ
1 000
高 He had been ill for a week when he was sent It has been raining heavily all day.
考
英
语 to the hospital. 当他被送进医院就医时ꎬ已 大雨下了一整天ꎮ
76
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋表示动作开始于过去某时 说话时刚刚结 构成 一般来说 只有及物动词才有被动语
2) ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
束 此时句中通常没有表示一段时间的时 态 助动词 be 有人称 数 时态的变化 普
ꎮ ꎮ 、 、 ꎮ «
间状语 通高中英语课程标准 年版 年修
ꎮ (2017 2020
订 要求高中毕业生掌握以下七种时态的被
)»
It has been rainingꎬ but it has stopped now. 动语态 以 do 为例
( ):
一直在下雨ꎬ但现在雨停下来了ꎮ
现在 过去 将来
You are out of breath. Have you been am/is/ was/were
一般 will/shall be done
running? are done done
am/is/are was/were
你气喘吁吁的ꎮ 你一直在跑步吗?
进行 —
being done being done
表示一段时间里重复的动作
3) ꎮ have/has had been
完成 —
been done done
You have been saying that for years.
温馨提示
这话你已经说了好几年了ꎮ
含有情态动词的被动语态结构:情态动词 be 过去
+ +
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的主要区别 分词ꎮ
.现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性ꎻ现在完成时强调
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.
1
某个刚刚完成的动作或过去的某个动作对现在的影
必须保证每天八小时的睡眠ꎮ
响或产生的结果ꎮ
二、使用被动语态的主要情况
He has cleaned the window.
1.
他把窗户擦干净了ꎮ (动作已完成) 不知道或没必要指明动作的执行者时。
He has been cleaning the window.
他一直在擦窗户ꎮ (动作不一定完成)
A meeting will be held in the office at :
8 00
.一些静态动词往往用现在完成进行时ꎬ如lieꎬsitꎬwaitꎬ
2 am tomorrow.
stand等ꎮ 而一些状态动词、感官动词或情感动词如
明天上午八点将在办公室召开一个会议ꎮ
seeꎬfeelꎬknowꎬlove等ꎬ不可用于现在完成进行时ꎬ但
2.
强调或突出动作的承受者时。
可以用于现在完成时ꎮ
I􀆳ve been waiting for you since morning.
The woman was taken to hospital.
从早晨我一直等你ꎮ
I have known her for a long time. 那位女士被送到了医院ꎮ
我认识她很久了ꎮ 3. 动作的执行者被较长的修饰语修饰时。
专
题
考点 二 被动语态 The idea was supported by those who wished 七
谓
to make much money.
英语动词有两种语态 主动语态和被动语 语
: 动
态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动
想挣许多钱的人支持那个想法ꎮ 词
的
ꎮ ꎬ
时
语态表示主语是动作的承受者 三、主动与被动的转换 态
ꎮ 和
一、被动语态的构成 一个句子宾语变主语的过程就是主动变 被
动
语
被动语态由 助动词 be 动词过去分词 被动的过程 态
“ + ” ꎮ
77
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋1. + + 主语 谓语 宾语→被动句 This kind of flower is called carnation (by
→
us).
带有形式宾语 it 的句子也可变成被动句
2) ꎮ
We consider it wrong to shout at children who
2. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语→被动句 make mistakes.
give send take bring 等常带有两个宾语 变 我们认为责骂犯错误的孩子是不对的ꎮ
1) ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
为被动语态时 可将其中任何一个宾语改成 It is considered wrong to shout at children
ꎬ →
主语 另一个保留不动 在这种转化过程 who make mistakes (by us).
ꎬ ꎮ
中 如果直接宾语成为被动句的主语 被保 省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语在变为被动
ꎬ ꎬ 3)
留的间接宾语前通常加 to 句时要加上 to
ꎮ ꎮ
主动:The villagers gave the foreign guests a I heard her move around in her upstairs room
warm welcome. last night.
村民们给予了外国宾客热烈的欢迎ꎮ 昨晚我听到她在楼上的房间里走动ꎮ
被动 :The foreign guests were given a warm She was heard to move around in her
1 →
welcome by the villagers. upstairs room last night (by me).
被动 :A warm welcome was given to the 四、被动语态与系表结构的区别
2
foreign guests by the villagers. 1. 被动语态表动作 系表结构表状态
ꎬ ꎮ
buy make find get 等在被动语态中被保留的
2) ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
间接宾语前通常加 for 此时 for 不可省略 The window was broken by a little boy.
ꎮ ꎬ
而且在这种结构中 间接宾语不可作主语 窗户是被一个小男孩打破的ꎮ (窗户被打破)
ꎬ ꎮ
The window was broken.
主动:I bought my wife a dress. 窗户破了ꎮ (窗户处于破损的状态)
我给我妻子买了一件连衣裙ꎮ 2. 系表结构中过去分词可用 very quite rather
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
被动:A dress was bought for my wife by me. too so more most 等词修饰 被动结构中过
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
My wife was bought a dress by me.( ) 去分词可用 greatly much 等词修饰
× ꎬ ꎮ
3. + + +
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补→被动句
5
年 该结构变为被动句时 主动句中的宾语变为 I􀆳m quite satisfied with your work.
1) ꎬ
高
考 主语 宾语补足语变为主语补足语 原主语 我对你的工作相当满意ꎮ
3 ꎬ ꎬ
年 常省略 We were greatly moved by what the little
模 ꎮ
拟
boy did.
A
版 We call this kind of flower carnation. 我们被那个小男孩的行为极大地感动了ꎮ
高
考 我们称这种花为康乃馨ꎮ
英
语
78
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋单句填空·谓语动词的时态和被动语态专练
5 年高考
1.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that be previously
( )
unprotected... ( 新高考 )
2022 Ⅰ
2.The GPNP design to reflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity
( ) “
原真性 and integrity of natural ecosystems... . ( 新高考 )
( ) ” 2022 Ⅰ
3.In the last five years Cao walk through countries in six continents...
ꎬ ( ) 34
( 全国甲)
2022
4.To celebrate the festival a number of events took place...The chairman of the China Culture
ꎬ
Promotion Society address the opening ceremony. ( 全国乙)
( ) 2022
5.Travelling to conferences lectures workshops and the like frequently by plane
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ — —
view as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. ( 浙江 月)
( ) 2022 1
6.But Cobb and others be now questioning that idea pushing conferences to
( ) —
provide more chances to participate remotely and changing their personal behavior to do their part
in dealing with the climate change crisis. ( 浙江 月)
2022 1
7.You can􀆳t help wondering how hard it be for the people then to put all those
( )
rocks into place. ( 新高考 )
2021 Ⅰ
8.The Xi􀆳an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China􀆳s long history. It
build originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been
( )
completely restored 修复 . ( 全国甲)
( ) 2021
9.We hire our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and
( )
shaky but did the job. ( 全国甲)
2021
10.It doesn􀆳t impress like George Washington􀆳s plantation on the Potomac but Lincoln􀆳s home in
ꎬ
downtown Springfield Illinois prove irresistible to visitors since it opened to
ꎬ ꎬ ( )
the public. ( 浙江 月)
2021 6
11.After Lincoln was elected President of the US in they rented the house and
1861ꎬ
sell most of their furniture. ( 浙江 月)
( ) 2021 6
12.The little home paint white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.
( )
( 浙江 月)
2021 6 专
13.The unmanned Chang􀆳e ̄ probe 探测器 the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon 题
4 ( )— 七
goddess touch down last week in the South Pole Aitken basin. ( 全国 ) 谓
— ( ) - 2020 Ⅰ 语
14. This really excites scientists Carle Pieters a scientist at Brown University says because it 动
“ ꎬ” ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ “ 词
means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon construct . 的
( ) ” 时
态
( 全国 )
2020 Ⅰ 和
被
15.Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of
动
语
spring. This is why decorating with plants fruits and flowers carry special 态
ꎬ ( )
79significance. ( 全国 )
2020 Ⅱ
16.The artist was sure he would choose but when he presented his masterpiece to
( )ꎬ
the emperor􀆳s chief minister the old man laughed. ( 全国 )
ꎬ 2020 Ⅲ
17.When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary 传奇
(
的 artist they smiled and point down the river. ( 全国 )
) ꎬ ( ) 2020 Ⅲ
18.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut report increases in bear sightings
( )
around human settlements leading to a belief that populations are increasing. ( 全国 )
ꎬ 2019 Ⅰ
19.Picking up her Lifetime Achievement award proud Irene declare she had no
“ ” ꎬ ( )
plans to retire from her  ̄year ̄old business. ( 全国 )
36 2019 Ⅱ
20.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and recommend wonderful places to
( )
eat shop and visit. ( 全国 )
ꎬ ꎬ 2019 Ⅲ
21.On the last day of our week ̄long stay we invite to attend a private concert on a
ꎬ ( )
beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars listening to musicians and meeting interesting
ꎬ
locals. ( 全国 )
2019 Ⅲ
22.On the first day of my first grade I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I
ꎬ
voice my biggest concern to my mother How will I make friends
( ) ꎬ “ ?”
( 北京)
2019
23.Does the name of the college you attend really matter Research on the question
?
suggest that for most students it doesn􀆳t. ( 北京)
( ) ꎬ ꎬ 2019
24.The musician along with his band members give ten performances in the last
( )
three months. ( 江苏)
2019
25.A few months after he had arrived in China Mr. Smith fall in love with the
ꎬ ( )
people and culture there. ( 江苏)
2019
26.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform nobody have to worry about
ꎬ ( )
fashion 时尚 . ( 浙江 月)
( ) 2019 6
27.One study in America found that students􀆳 grades improve a little after the
( )
school introduced uniforms. ( 浙江 月)
2019 6
28.While running regularly can􀆳t make you live forever the review says it be more
ꎬ ( )
effective at lengthening life than walking cycling or swimming. ( 全国 )
ꎬ 2018 Ⅰ
29.Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since the country
— 2011ꎬ
grow more corn than rice. ( 全国 )
( ) 2018 Ⅱ
5 30. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between when the government
年 2005—
高
start a soil ̄testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to
考 ( )
3
farmers and fertilizer use dropped by . million tons. ( 全国 )
年
— 2011ꎬ 7 7 2018 Ⅱ
模
31.When the gorillas and I frightened each other I was just glad to find them alive. True to a
拟
ꎬ
A gorilla􀆳s unaggressive nature the huge animal mean me no real harm.
版 ꎬ ( )
( 全国 )
高 2018 Ⅲ
考
英
语
80答案
1.were 2.is designed 3.has walked 4.addressed 5.is viewed/has been viewed 6.are
7.was 8.was built 9.hired 10.has proved/has proven 11.sold 12.was painted 13.touched
14.is constructed 15.carries 16.be chosen 17.pointed 18.have reported 19.declared
20.recommended 21.were invited 22.voiced 23.suggests/suggested/has suggested 24.has
given 25.fell 26.will have/has 27.improved 28.is 29.has grown 30.started 31.meant
3 年模拟
1.Originally the game create to activate office atmosphere by Josh Wardle a New
ꎬ ( ) ꎬ
York software engineer. ( 浙江杭州二模)
2022
2.The healing effect of the art realize when the arranger comes to terms with what
( )
they truly want. ( 江苏盐城三模)
2022
3.It believe that if someone can make the egg stand he will have good luck in the
( ) ꎬ
future. ( 江苏泰州二调)
2022
4.Since a boom in electric vehicle production occur due to the progress in
2008ꎬ ( )
batteries and energy management. ( 江苏考前冲刺一)
2022
5.Nowadays electric cars design for the common people. ( 江苏考前冲刺一)
ꎬ ( ) 2022
6.Multiple tasks complete by them over the past five months including performing
( ) ꎬ
two spacewalks and a live science lecture. ( 山西太原一模)
2022
7.Last week Hiroyuki Komatsu a Google engineer submit a proposal to add new
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ( )
icons to the standard emoji library which could help those with food allergies understand what they
are eating. ( 湖南长沙一中月考七)
2022
8.The high costs of raising a child cause officials to place restrictions on the private
( )
tutoring industry in the last few years. ( 江西上饶六校联考二)
2022
9.So far Gutierrez travel to book fairs in Mexico and Chile to share his experience
ꎬ ( )
of starting a library. ( 浙江嘉兴二模)
2022
10.But the challenges outweigh by the memorable experiences on her way.
( )
( 广东广州一模)
2022
11.Another negative effect on the environment that can not ignore is caused by the
( )
chemicals used to make the clothes. ( 山西晋城二模)
2022 专
12.Years ago people went to stores and try clothes on. ( 山西晋城二模) 题
ꎬ ( ) 2022 七
13.Inside the house many of the features including its floor staircase and ceiling beams
谓
ꎬ — ꎬ ꎬ —
语
restore so much so that they appear fancy and shiny. 动
( ) 词
( 浙江金华十校 月模拟) 的
2022 4 时
14.Since then electric vehicles improve in cost performance efficiency and 态
ꎬ ( ) ꎬ ꎬ 和
被
availability. ( 浙江绍兴二模) 动
2022
语
15.A few years back psychologists at the University of California San Diego 态
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
81discover when words or phrases are repeated a few times... ( 山东临沂一模)
( ) 2022
16.So far a theme park in western France employ six birds more exactly six
ꎬ ( ) ꎬ
crows to collect and deal with garbage mainly cigarette ends and other small pieces.
ꎬ —
( 广东深圳一调)
2022
17.They pick up the trash on the ground and every day they reward for what they
ꎬ ( )
have done. ( 广东深圳一调)
2022
18.An eagle flew over the snow ̄capped mountains which reflect in the still lake
ꎬ ( )
below. ( 广东梅州一模)
2022
19.Amid the ongoing COVID ̄ pandemic more and more Chinese have realized the importance of
19 ꎬ
health and start exercising at home because of the control and prevention policy
( )
that hinders them from going out sometimes. ( 江苏新沂一中 月模拟)
2022 5
20.Every time when I be able to deliver a speech to the audience from around the
( )
world I always thought of you. ( 湖北部分学校新高考 月质检)
ꎬ 2022 10
21.This Chinese palace with a history of about years receives millions of visitors every year and
600
lots of TV programs show the place in recent years.
( )
( 福建福州八县、市、区一中期中联考)
2022
22.The repair of the Jiankou Great Wall which start in was carried out
ꎬ ( ) 2016ꎬ
gradually. ( 辽宁沈阳郊联体期中)
2022
23.Fair trade is the trade that is good for the producer a system that ensures more of the price
ꎬ
consumers pay go to the producer. ( 山东济南外国语学校 月月考)
( ) 2022 11
24.That promise may be years away from realization but rapid typing enabled by bioprinting at
present push medical advances forward at a steady pace.
( )
( 山东济宁兖州期中)
2022
25.So far a number of new technologies apply to the core cabin 核心舱 .
ꎬ ( ) ( )
( 福建南平 月联考)
2022 10
26.In August a meteorological center and staff members from across the province began
2019ꎬ 65
operations in Xi􀆳an. And now the team support by the work of other forecasters
( )
in the province. ( 广东惠州二调)
2022
27.Now people can learn about the history through a documentary called The Six The Untold Story
ꎬ :
of Titanic􀆳s Chinese Passengers which release on April .
ꎬ ( ) 16ꎬ 2021
( 深圳、长沙二校联考)
5 2022
年 答案
高
考
1.was created 2.is realized/will be realized 3.is believed 4.has occurred 5.are designed
3
年
6.have been completed 7.submitted 8.have caused 9.has travel l ed 10.were outweighed
模
( )
拟
11.be ignored 12.tried 13.have been restored 14.have improved 15.discovered 16.has
A
版 employed 17.are rewarded 18.were reflected 19.have started 20.was 21.have shown
高
22.started 23.goes 24.is pushing 25.have been applied 26.is/are supported 27.was
考
英
语 released
82语篇填空·谓语动词的时态和被动语态专练
1
Passage ( 全国 改编)
2016 Ⅰ
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires Asia􀆳s biggest building and fancy new hotels. But for
ꎬ
tourists like me pandas . be its top attraction.
ꎬ 1 ( )
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not ̄for ̄profit Panda Base where ticket
ꎬ
money helps pay for research. I . allow to get up close to these cute animals at the
2 ( )
 ̄acre centre. From tomorrow I . be their UK ambassador. The title
600 ꎬ 3 ( )
. give to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas
4 ( )
. go back to my days on a TV show in the mid ̄ s when I .
5 ( ) 1980 ꎬ 6
be the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from
( )
starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties . include introducing British visitors
7 ( )
to the  ̄plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
120
On my recent visit I . hold a lively three ̄month ̄old twin that
ꎬ 8 ( )
. reject by its mother earlier. The nursery team . switch him every
9 ( ) 10 ( )
few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle ̄fed the other is with mum she never suspects.
ꎬ —
答案
语篇解读 文章描述了作者和熊猫结下的不解之缘ꎮ
[ ]
1.are 2.was allowed 3.will be 4.will be given 5.goes 6.was 7.will include 8.held
9.had been rejected 10.switch/switches
2
Passage ( 四川绵阳一诊改编)
2021
In ancient times our ancestors . rely on stars to guide them on a clear night.
ꎬ 1 ( )
Today with the help of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System BDS which is built by Chinese
ꎬ ( )ꎬ
engineers we Chinese can easily find our way.
ꎬ
The BDS . be one of the four global navigation networks. With the last
2 ( )
satellite launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June the global network of
23ꎬ 59
satellites . complete since then. On July BeiDou . start
3 ( ) 31ꎬ 4 ( )
providing full ̄scale global services. It􀆳s difficult to imagine the great effect which those satellites
have on our daily life. This year Hellobike a popular bike ̄sharing company came out with two new
ꎬ ꎬ 专
bike models that . equip with the positioning service. Users can find shared bikes 题
5 ( ) 七
more accurately thanks to BeiDou􀆳s global positioning accuracy of . meters.
2 34 谓
语
As the largest space ̄based system in China BeiDou . adopt a unique two ̄
动
ꎬ 6 ( )
词
way communication system including its ability to receive messages that . send by 的
ꎬ 7 ( ) 时
people from areas with poor signals. Obviously this exclusive function . not 态
ꎬ 8 ( 和
被
design for users to chat online. Instead it . play an important role when terrible
动
) ꎬ 9 ( )
语
disasters occur and ground ̄based communications are blocked. As Sun Jiadong former chief 态
ꎬ
83designer of the BDS put it The application of BeiDou . limit only by
ꎬ : “ 10 ( )
imagination.
”
答案
语篇解读 文章主要介绍了北斗卫星导航系统的基本情况ꎮ
[ ]
1.relied 2.is 3.has been completed 4.started 5.were equipped 6.adopts 7.are sent
8.isn􀆳t designed 9.plays 10.is limited
3
Passage ( 安徽合肥一检改编)
2020
A painting with a length of . meters . receive a Guinness World
1014 37 1 ( )
Records title for the longest drawing by an individual artist. The record . announce
2 ( )
at the Simatai Great Wall last Saturday which . surround by mountains and the
ꎬ 3 ( ) ꎬ
painter . unfold the painting with great care in the presence of many viewers.
4 ( )
It took artist Guo Feng two months to complete the black ̄and ̄white painting named Yongsheng
in Chinese meaning living forever. He . inspire by the view of the Great Wall
ꎬ 5 ( )
seen from the sky. He wanted to call for peace and harmony in the world. In fact Guo Feng
ꎬ
. be more familiar to the public as a music creator than as a painter. And one of
6 ( )
his songs Fill the World with Love . enjoy great popularity all over the country
ꎬ ꎬ 7 ( )
for decades.
The painting . make up of sub ̄themes and was created largely using
8 ( ) 10 ꎬ
marker pens. I have been drawing for more than hours a day over the past months and sometimes
“ 10
I began working at am said Guo. Creating the work on the Great Wall . be
4 ꎬ” “ 9 ( )
an unprecedentedly 空前地 lonely and quiet time for me to look into my past today and the
( ) ꎬ
future he . add .
ꎬ” 10 ( )
答案
语篇解读 一幅长度为 . 米的画卷荣获个人创作的最长画卷的吉尼斯世界纪录称号ꎮ
[ ] 1014 37
1.has received 2.was announced 3.is surrounded 4.unfolded 5.was inspired 6.is 7.has
enjoyed 8.is made 9.was 10.added
4
Passage ( 浙江教育绿色评价联盟 月适应性考试改编)
2020 10
Colleges are attaching too much importance to tests nowadays. Students who receive higher
scores on the SAT and the ACT . consider to be intelligent and as a result they
5 1 ( )
年 . admit to better schools in normal conditions.
高 2 ( )
考
However these tests . not ensure one􀆳s future success in life. To become
3 ꎬ 3 ( )
年
better test ̄takers than others some students would like to have more preparations. Several SAT and
模
ꎬ
拟
ACT pre ̄classes . offer by various companies and individual tutors giving rich
A 4 ( ) ꎬ
版 students a better chance to improve their scores. Some students even take medicine before their tests.
高
Although it . not prove that taking these drugs will increase a student􀆳s score the
考
5 ( ) ꎬ
英
语 nature of the drugs . be to increase attentiveness concentration and mental
6 ( ) ꎬ ꎬ
84processing speed.
In addition these tests can􀆳t show some of the skills and characters that . be a
ꎬ 7 ( )
key part of success. According to Bob Schaeffer of the National Center for Fair and Open Testing
ꎬ
creativity perseverance and self ̄discipline are just a few basic qualities that are useful in the
ꎬ
professional world and they . not measure by these tests. A high test score tells you
8 ( )
nothing about how a student . handle his life or how well they .
9 ( ) 10
adapt to their surroundings in the future.
( )
答案
语篇解读 一些大学过于看重 SAT 和 ACT 考试成绩ꎮ 作者认为ꎬ这些成绩并不能完全反映一
[ ]
个学生的能力ꎮ
1.are considered 2.are admitted 3.don􀆳t ensure 4.are offered 5.is not proved/proven 6.is
7.are 8.aren􀆳t measured 9.will handle 10.will adapt
专
题
七
谓
语
动
词
的
时
态
和
被
动
语
态
85