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Unit 5 Section A Grammar focus-4c 学案 (知识精讲+分层作
业)
【重点短语】
1.the earth’s surface 地球表面
2.traffic accidents 交通事故
【重点语法】
一般现在时态的被动结构及用法
一、概念理解
1. 时态：在英语语言中，时态主要讨论行为动词发生的时间。
如：Heoften helps me with my English. 他经常帮助我学英语。（help这个动作经常发生
often；故用一般现在时）英语中常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、
现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时等等。
1. 语态：在英语语言中，语态主要讨论句子主语与行为动词的关系。语态有两种：主动
语态和被动语态。
① 主语是动作的发出者(执行者)为主动语态。
如： Thetall boy often hits his classmates （主语boy是谓语动词hit的发出者）。
② 主语是动作的接受者（承受者）为被动语态。汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、
“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词构成如：
Chinese is spoken by the most people in the world（主语Chinese是谓语动词speak的
接受者）。
3 语态与时态的关系：在任何一个英语句子中都同时存在语态时态，他们是分析一个英
语句子的两个主要元素。
如： ① He is looking after his sister at home.（ 此句为现在进行时的主动语态结构）
② He isbeing looked after well by his parents. （此句为现在进行时的被动语态结构）
说明：我们以前所学的各种时态的结构其实都时主动语态的各种时态结构。
二、被动语态最基本的句型结构： be +及物动词过去分词
说明：①、be 有时态，人称和数的变化。
②、被动语态中的谓语动词必须是及物动词；因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某
些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, workout, laugh at 等，也可用于被动语
态。
三、被动语态的使用
1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用 by 短语。
“Mr. White, the cup with mixture wasbroken after class. ”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不
知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用 by 短语。如：Thecup was
broken by Paul.
3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用 in + 名
词作状语，而代替by 短语。
如：Thesecars were made in China.
四、主动语态变被动语态的变法：主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以
省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用 in + 地点名词作状语。
五、一般现在时的被动语态：am /is/ are +done
如： Tea isgrown in Hangzhou. 杭州种植茶叶。
【重点句型】
Most of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
地球表面的大部分面积被水覆盖。
be covered by…被…覆盖，这是被动结构，表示动作。上面句子变成主动语态为：
Water covers most of the earth’s surface.
比较：be covered with… …覆盖着…， 是系表结构，表示状态。
The plate is covered by a cloth.
The hill is covered with green trees.
一、单项选择
( )1. —China is getting stronger and stronger.
—Yes. So Chinese by more and more foreigners.
A. learn B. learned C. is learned
( )2.—Will you go to Lisa’s housewarming party next Sunday?
—Well, if I , I will go on time.
A. invite B. will invite C. am invited
( )3. You lunch at school. So you don’t have to bring your own food.
A. give B. will give C. are given
( )4 Now waste from daily life in the city of Shanghai to be separated into four
different groups.
A. is requiring B. is required C. was required
( )5. In Miss Lin’s class, many chances to students to learn from each other.
A. offer B. offered C. are offered
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空6.Mary was born in a small town in (German).
7.The traffic (be) very busy. You should be careful when you cross the road.
8.One of the (boss) donated one million dollars in the show.
9. (postman) always wear green uniforms.
10. The classroom ___________(clean) by the students every day.
三、完成句子。
11. 这枚戒指是银制的。
The ring silver.
12. 不要在这里吸烟。公共场所不允许吸烟。
Don’t smoke here. Smoking in public places.
13. 老板每个月都会按时给我们酬劳。
We by the boss on time every month.
14. 每年这所学校的一些学生作为交换生被派往国外。
Some students in this school abroad as exchange students every year.
15.钟南山被认为是中国最好的医生之一。
Zhong Nanshan is one of the best doctors in China.
四、完形填空
Diana Armstrong,from the US, has broken the Guinness World Records for the
world's longest nails(指甲).
She shared in an interview that she has no 16 to cut her nails. That is the last
connection she has to her elder daughter who did her nails the night before she 17
unexpectedly in her sleep at the age of 16.
Diana said, “I have been growing my nails for 25 years. I had a hard time when my
elder daughter left me forever.She is the only one who did my nails, 18 I couldn't cut
them off after that.”
Diana's younger daughter, Raina, also talked about 19 she thought of her mother's
nails. She said, “When she told us the back story was because of my sister, it 20 my
mind toward it because, just as much as she missed my sister, I missed her too. So if
that's her 21 of remembering her,then I can accept.”
The maintenance( 保 养 )of the nails is quite hard. She 22 her children and
grandchildren for help and even uses her feet when she can. But she has also gotten
used to using her hands 23 breaking her nails.
Diana has not been able to live a completely normal life because she is 24 that
people would judge(评价) her when they see her nails. However,the recognition(认
可)from Guinness World Records has given her the 25 to share her story.“These nails are always a part of me because of my elder daughter. I always keep
her close to me this way."said Diana.
( )16.A. chances B. habits C. plans D. choices
( )17.A. fell B. moved C. appeared D. died
( )18.A. as B. so C. but D. if
( )19.A. why B. which C. what D. when
( )20.A. changed B. broke C.improved D. built
( )21.A. courage B. interest C. way D. suggestion
( )22.A. agrees on B. depends on C. thinks about D. worries about
( )23.A. against B. from C. about D. without
( )24.A.afraid B. tired C. proud D. surprised
( )25.A.experience B. confidence C. promise D. difference
五、阅读理解
Bongani Sindane, 30,grew up in an orphanage(孤儿院)，and at one point, as an
adult, he became jobless. However, he didn't give up learning and achieved his dreams.
As a child, Sindane moved into an orphanage in Dennilton, South Africa. The
conditions were very bad and the life there wasn't easy. Later,he was moved to the
Middelburg Care Village, where he had a better experience. In these children's homes,
the kids had study time, were fed,and learned how to be independent. And
Sindane appreciated all of these.
After graduating (毕业) from a high school, he was given a chance to train as a
cook. But after finishing the training, he couldn't find a proper job for himself. Luckily,
he met a perfect stranger, Ma Vuyisile, who completely changed his life. She treated
Sindane as her own son and encouraged him to continue his studies. Then Sindane
studied nursing in university and went to Sweden as an exchange student( 交换生)，
where he did very well in his studies. Upon Sindane's return to South Africa, he worked
for the Mpumalanga Department of Health and to thank Ma Vuyisile for her help,he
built a new home for her.
Pain has been a teacher to Sindane.He said it pushed him to be the person that he is
today. Through this force within him, he was able to build a home for Ma Vuyisile and
tried to make a difference to the lives of others.
( )26.When Sindane stayed in an orphanage in Dennilton,he____.
A. lived a hard life B. lost his parents C.made many friends D. had a good time
( )27.What does the underlined word“appreciated”mean in Chinese?
A. 回想 B. 理解 C. 感激 D.建议
( )28.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Sindane did well in his studies while studying abroad.
B. Ma Vuyisile helped Sindane build a home for his family.C. Ma Vuyisile was Sindane's teacher who taught him nursing.
D. Sindane worked as a cookafter graduating from a high school.
( )29.Paragraph 2 and 3 are mainly developed by_____.
A. showing the timeline B. comparing two facts
C. raising questions D. listing numbers
( )30.What does the story of Sindane tell us?
A. It's never too old to learn. B.Failure is the mother of success.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. D. A good beginning makes a good ending.
六、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
The Museum of Art Pudong ( MAP)opened to the public on July 8, 2021. It
welcomed more 31 100,000 visitors in its first month. Why was it so popular?
The building itself is art. It is the work of French architect(建筑师) Jean Nouvel.
From the front, the museum looks 32 rectangular(长方形的) glass. It has thirteen
exhibition halls. The main hall 33 (run) up to the fourth floor. This allows visitors 34
(enjoy) the same work from different floors.
The museum also has two special glass halls. One side of the hall has big 35
(screen). They tell visitors what artworks are on display(展示).The other side is glass.
From there visitors can see the Bund(外滩). They can also walk along a bridge from
the 36 (two) floor to a sidewalk(人行道) along the Huangpu River.
“I'm playing a game,"Nouvel said about this bridge. It's a game with the river and the
space around the museum.“I hope the building can go 37 (good) with its
environment,"he said.
People, of course, go to the MAP to see artworks. In the first month, there 38 (be)
three different exhibitions.In the future. many other artists and artworks 39 (come) to
the MAP. Just imagine seeing artworks from all over the world without even leaving
Shanghai. 40 wonderful!
31.________ 32._______ 33.__________ 34._________ 35.__________
36.________ 37._______ 38.__________ 39. _________ 40._________
Unit 5 Section A Grammar focus-4c 学案 (知识精讲+分层作业)参考答案
一、单项选择1-5CCCBC
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6.Germany 7.is 8.bosses 9.Postmen 10. is cleaned
三、完成句子
11.is made of 12.isn’t allowed 13.are paid 14.are sent 15.considered as
四、完形填空
16-20CDBCA 21-25CBDAB
五、阅读理解
26-30 ACAAC
六、阅读填词
31.than 32.like 33. runs 34.to enjoy 35.screens 36.second 37.well 38.were 39.will
come 40.How
