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Unit 13 Section A Grammar focus-4c 学案 (知识精讲+分层作
业)
【词汇用法】
1. take part in an environmental project参加一个环境项目
2. afford to do sth.负担得起做某事
3. take action 采取行动
4. help out 帮忙
5. that’s fantastic! 太棒了！
6.take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事
7.begin with 以...开始
8.pay for付费；付出代价
9.add up加起来
【词汇用法】
can/ can’t afford sth. 能/不能负担得起
Can/ can’t afford to do sth. 能/不能承担做某事
Eg: He can’t afford this house.他买不起这个房子。
He can’t afford to wait any longer. 他不能再等了。
【重点语法】
现在时态
现在时态包括三种时态：一般现在时、现在进行时和现在完成时。
1. 一般现在时
(1)表示客观真理。如：
The earth revolves around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
(2)表示长期存在的情况。如：
He likes music very much. 他很喜欢音乐。
(3)表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
He often visits his grandparents.
他常看望他的爷爷奶奶。
注意：(1)一般现在时也可以表示将来的动作，强调计划的不可改变性。如：
The train leaves at 3 p．m.this afternoon.
这辆火车在今天下午三点出发。
(2)在时间和条件状语从句中，必须用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：
If it rains tomorrow, we won't go out.如果明天下雨，我们就不出去。
2. 现在进行时
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作。如：
①It is raining heavily now.现在正在下大雨。
②My mother is cooking in the kitchen.我妈妈正在厨房做菜。
(2)表示近期打算的动作。如：
①I'm meeting my teacher tonight.今晚我要去见我的老师。
②He is leaving for Beijing next week.他下周要去北京。
(3)表示反复进行的动作(往往带有感情色彩)。如：
①You are always making the same mistake.你老是犯同样的错误。
②She is always talking about you.她总是谈论你。
注意：有些动词不宜用进行时态，如：like, want, believe, know等。
3. 现在完成时
(1)表示反复的动作对现在的影响。如：
I have seen the movie five times.这部电影我看过五次了。(对这部电影我已经很熟悉了)
(2)表示过去的动作对现在的影响。如：
I have been to England before.我以前去过英国。(现在可能不想去英国了)
(3)表示过去发生的动作，现在仍未结束，还在延续。如：
He has studied English for five years.他学习英语五年了。(现在还在学习)
注意：(1)现在完成时态强调对现在的影响，而一般过去时态强调过去，与现在没有关系。
如：
①He opened the window this morning.
今天早上他打开了窗户。(仅仅叙述早上的情况)
②He has already opened the window.
他已经打开窗户了。(说明现在窗子是开着的)
(2)常和现在完成时连用的时间状语：already, yet, ever, never, before, so far, up to now,
since then, in/over the past/last few years, in recent years, just等。
【重点句型】
1. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things.
很多人忘记了拯救地球是从小事开始的。
2. All these small things can add up and become
big things that can improve the environment．
所有的这些小事加起来，就变成了能改善环境的大事。
3. We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action!
我们承担不起继续等待而不采取行动！
afford v. 承担得起; 买得起; 提供, 给予
afford to do sth. (常与can, be able to连用) 买得起; 负担得起；有能力做某事 / 负担得起做
某事 多用于否定句或疑问句。afford sth. 买得起 / 承受得起某物
Can you afford the mobile phone?
We can’t afford to pay such a price.
e.g. We can’t afford to pay such a price.我们付不起这个价钱。
They can’t afford to send their children to college.
Dancing affords us pleasure. 跳舞给我们带来快乐。
afford & buy
afford侧重“有经济能力买”，而buy则侧重“购买(这一行为)”。
表示“我买不起……”可以说I can’t afford ...，但不能说I can’t buy ...。
1) They can’t afford to send their children to college.
2) Can you afford a new car?
3) Helen bought some fruit on her way home yesterday.
4. … save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room.
turn off 关掉
e.g. Please turn the television off before you go to bed.睡觉前请关掉电视。
拓展: turn相关短语
turn on 打开, 发动
turn around 转身
turn up 调高(音量)
turn down 调低; 拒绝
turn into 变成; 进入
turn over 移交
5.Have you ever taken part in an environmental project?
take part in 参加
take part in多指参加会议或集体性的工作或活动，且参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。
Li Lanjuan headed for Wuhan and took an active part in the battle.
一、单项选择
( )1.Shopping used to going to shops, but nowadays,you can do it online at home.
A. means B. meant C. mean D. meaning
( )2.—What great progress HUAWEI in recent years!
—No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world.
A. is making B. has made C. makes D. made
( )3.Now waste from daily life in the city of Shanghai to be separated into four
different groups.
A. is requiring B. is required C. was required D. required( )4.—Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.
—That's too bad. Everyone be a book lover. Reading is more enjoyable.
A. may B. must C. would D. should
( )5.—The number of tourists over 33 million this year.
—Yes. A large number of tourists so far because of the new look of our city.
A. is; have come B. is; has come C. are; has come D. are; have come
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6. Bill __________(read) picture books with his dad now.
7. They used ________(live) here. But they ________(move) to Chengdu last month.
8. We ____________(know) each other since we were children.
9. The library ______________(complete) in 2018.All the students liked it.
10.The magazine must _______(be) Nancy's. Her name is on its cover.
三、完成句子。
11.她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。
She _____________________ with friends on weekends.
12. 他习惯于每天晚上睡得很晚。
He _____________________________at night.
13.我们应该立刻行动起来,帮助他们摆脱困境。
We should right now to help them out of the difficulties.
14.你愿意参加世界读书日的活动吗?
Would you like to the activities of World Book Day?
15.如果你打破这个杯子,你必须赔偿。
You’ll have it if you break the cup.
四、完形填空
On a trip to Japan with her family in 2019, Sasha Olsen was surprised at the ocean’s
pollution levels. There, she saw 1 6 sea animals.
“We went on this trip and at first I was so excited,” said Sasha. She is 10 years old and
lives in Florida. “But when I saw the ocean, I got 17 . I wanted to know why things were
this way but couldn’t find a(n) 1 8 .”
Sasha 1 9 the help of her cousin, Narmina, who is 23 years old and got a college degree
in business. Together, they 20 a group “I Want My Ocean Back”. Friends in the group got
together on weekends to clean the beaches. As time goes on, the group is doing different things
to further protect the ocean. For example, the group has done something to 21 money,
which will be used to clean up the beaches. It will also go to conservation groups such as
Oceana and World Wildlife Fund(WWF), because they work to 22 animals and theirenvironments.
Also, Sasha invited local people to take part in an activity called “Kids Love the Oceans”.
There, she spoke about the oceans’ problems. People made art out of rubbish collected from
the 23 and they felt moved to share the moment. “Sasha has 24 many other kids to
join the group and showed people that we’re able to make a 2 5 ,” Narmina said.
Sasha and Narmina hope to go on their work to neighboring cities. Hollywood is near.
( )16.A.interesting B.living C.dying D.moving
( )17.A.quiet B.well C.peaceful D.disappointed
( )18.A.answer B.plan C.excuse D.lesson
( )19.A.passed on B.asked for C.turned down D.laughed at
( )20.A.left B.found C.started D.forgot
( )21.A.waste B.raise C.spend D.pay
( )22.A.feed B.protect C.refuse D.hurt
( )23.A.beaches B.streets C.schools D.factories
( )24.A.warned B.doubted C.influenced D.ordered
( )25.A.trip B.mistake C.mess D.change
五、阅读理解
Zhalong National Nature Reserve is a nature park in Heilongjiang in Northeast China. It
is one of the world’s most important wetlands. The area provides food and homes for wildlife.
It is an ideal home for different kinds of plants, fishes and birds.
Many birds live comfortably in Zhalong National Nature Reserve all year round, while some
only stay for a short time. There are many fish in the wetlands, and the birds can easily catch
them for food. Zhalong National Nature Reserve is an important living area for the rare red-
crowned cranes. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world. Some of them live in
Zhalong National Nature Reserve.
Some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This
means that there will be less and less space for wildlife.
More and more birds are in danger because they do not have enough living space. Many of
them died. The Chinese government wants to protect these endangered birds, and they can be
safe in Zhalong National Nature Reserve. If we don’t protect them, they might disappear from
the earth.
Every year a lot of tourists go to Zhalong National Nature Reserve to watch birds. This year
members of our Bird Watching Club are going to study the different kinds of birds in Zhalong
National Nature Reserve and the changes in their numbers. The study will begin next month.
We do a bird count once a year. We are now inviting another school’s students to help. We
need more people to help us count the birds and do something to help the birds. Many people
do not understand the importance of the wetlands. We hope this information will help them
understand it and make them actively take action to protect wildlife.( )26. Which of the following sentences is NOT TRUE?
A. There are a lot of red-crowned cranes in other parts of the world.
B. Some birds go to Zhalong National Nature Reserve for a short stay.
C. Zhalong National Nature Reserve is the comfortable home of many birds.
D. Birds can find food without difficulty in Zhalong National Nature Reserve.
( )27. Why are more and more birds endangered?
A. Because many tourists watch them.
B. Because many of the birds died.
C. Because people have fewer and fewer places.
D. Because their living space is less and less.
( )28. What does the underlined word “endangered” mean in Chinese?
A. 绝种的 B. 濒危的 C. 繁殖的 D. 食草的
( )29. This passage is written to_________.
A. ask people to do something for birds
B. help people learn about protecting wildlife
C. make people understand how important the wetlands are
D. ask students all over the world to watch birds
六、六选五
Pollution inside homes and other buildings kills more than 4 million people each year. 30.
___________. One way to reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipment(设备)
powered by the sun. Crosby Menzies, a solar(太阳的) power expert, described his latest solar
cooker called the “Sol-4”. “It is four square meters of mirrors, six to eight meters in length. 31.
”
The Sol-4 works by reflecting light from the sun in large mirrors. The mirrors direct the
light at a cooking pan. 32. Within two minutes, the pan is hot enough to cook
onions. In just four minutes, water can be boiled. That is as fast as cooking with natural gas or
electricity.
The cooker is also much “friendlier” than other models. 33. People can prepare
meals without having to collect firewood or spend money on coal. Such people would be less
likely to have breathing illnesses from harmful smoke.
At present, the cooker only works when the sun is shining. But engineers are working on
a way to make it work without sunlight.
Each cooker costs about $2,000. 34. To solve that problem, Crosby Menzies has
created an organization called Solar Cookers for Africa. It plans to raise money to provide poor
people with solar cooking equipment.A.It is quite a large cooker.
B.Most Africans can’t afford it.
C.Then the light heats the pan with solar energy.
D.People do not have to stand in the sun to use it.
E.The African government will provide poor people with solar cookers.
F.Many people die from cooking over wood-powered or coal-powered stoves.
30._________ 31._________ 32._________ 33._________ 34._________
Unit 13 Section A Grammar focus-4c 学案 (知识精讲+分层作业)参考答案一、单项选择
1-5CBBDA
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6. is reading 7. to live ; moved 8. have known 9. was completed 10. be
三、完成句子
11.used to hang out 12.is used to staying up 13.take action 14.take part in 15.to pay
for
四、完形填空
16-20CDABC 21-25BBACD
五、阅读理解
26-29 ADBC
六、六选五
30-34FACDB
