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Unit 13 Section A 1a-2d 学案 (知识精讲+分层作业)
【词汇用法】
1. at the bottom of the river 在河床底部
2. be full of the rubbish 充满了垃
3. throw litter into the river 把垃圾扔入河中
4. play a part in cleaning it up 尽一份力把它清理干净
5. land pollution 土地污染
6. fill the air with black smoke 使空气中充满了黑烟
7. cut down air pollution 减少空气污染
8. make a difference 产生影响
9. take action 采取行动
【词汇用法】
pay的基本用法
1) pay （sb.） money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买……
例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
2) pay for sth. 付……的钱。
例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
3) pay for sb. 替某人付钱。
例：Don't worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心，我会给你付钱的。
4) pay sb. 付钱给某人。
例：They pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。
5) pay money back 还钱。
例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week.
你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。
6) pay off one's money 还清钱。
【重点语法】
动词不定式做目的状语时的用法
To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气
污染，我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。
本句中To cut down air pollution是动词不定式作目的状语。
1. 不定式和不定式短语作目的状语
不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了
使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。例如：I've written it down in order not to forget.He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语，表示的是主语的目的，因此，其逻辑
主语通常是句子的主语。
比较：To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.（正）
To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.（误）
由 in order to 引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也可以置于句首，而由 so as to 引导的
目的状语，只能置于句尾，而不能置于句首。
比较：They started early in order to get there in time.（正）
In order to get there in time, they started early.（正）
They started early so as to get there in time.（正）
So as to get there in time, they started early.（误）
2. 不定式的复合结构作目的状语
当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构（即在不定式或不定式
短语之前加 for + 名词或宾格代词）作状语。
例如：He opened the door for the children to come in.She fetched several bottles which she
placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.
3. 目的状语从句与不定式的转换
英语中的目的状语从句，还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语，从而使句子在结构上得
以简化。可分为两种情况：
（1）当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式
短语作状语。
例如：We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.We'll start early in order
to/so as to arrive in time.
（2）当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作
状语。
例如：I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.I came early （in
order）for you to read my report before the meeting.
【重点句型】
1.Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up!
这个镇上的每个人都应该参与清理河流！
play a part in 意为“参与……；在……方面起作用”，相当于 play a role in，后跟名词、代
词或动词-ing 形式。
e.g. He didn’t play a part in the competition at all. 他根本就没参加这次比赛。
Did you play a part in fighting？ 你参与打架了吗？
拓展：短语 play a part in 中，part 前可加 important、 active 等形容词，表达“发挥重要作
用”“积极参与”等。
e.g. Computers are playing an important part in our daily life.
电脑正在我们的日常生活中发挥着重要的作用。All the students play an active part in the school activities.
所有的学生都积极参加学校的活动。
2. Well, to cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘公共汽车或坐地铁来代替开车。
（1）句中动词不定式短语 to cut down air pollution 作目的状语，相当于 in order to cut
down air pollution。
e.g. I’ve written it down in the notebook (in order) to remember it well.
为了记得牢固，我已经把它写在笔记本上了。
（2）instead of 短语介词，意为“代替；而不是”，其后常跟名词、代词、动词-ing 形式或介
词短语等。
e.g. I have come instead of my brother. He is ill.我替我哥哥来的，他病了。
He gave us a hand instead of laughing at us last Wednesday.
上周三他不仅没嘲笑我们，反而帮了我们一把。
辨析：instead of 与 instead
instead of 短语介词，意为“代替；而不是”，后接名词、代词、动词-ing 形式或介词短语等
做宾语，常位于句中
instead 副词，意为“代替；反而”，常位于句首或句末做状语，位于句首时常用逗号与后
面的内容隔开
They will go on vacation by plane instead of by train.
他们要坐飞机去度假，而不是坐火车。
She didn’t play basketball yesterday. She went shopping instead.
她昨天没打篮球，而是去购物了。
3.It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything! 这对健康有好处，并且还不用花钱!
cost 此处用作动词，意为“花费”；还可用作名词，意为“花费；价钱”。
e.g. John’s new bicycle cost $160. 约翰的新自行车花了160美元。
The cost of living here is too high. 在此生活的费用太高。
The cost of the coat was $21. 这件大衣的价钱是21美元。
辨析：cost、spend、pay 与 take
cost 主语是物 sth. cost (s) (sb.)+金钱
spend 主语是人 ①sb. spend(s)+时间/金钱+on sth.
②sb. spend(s)+时间/金钱+doing sth.
pay 主语是人 ①sb. pay(s)+金钱+for sth.
②sb. pay(s) for sth.
take 主语是it It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.
The computer cost me $1,000.
=I spent $1,000 on the computer.
=I paid $1,000 for the computer.
我买这台电脑花了1 000美元。I have paid for the house. 我已经付了房款。
It took me an hour to write the letter. 我花了一个小时写这封信。
4.So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future! 因此，我们齐
心协力就能带来变化，创造更加美好的未来!
（1）make a difference 意为“起作用；有影响”。表达“对……产生影响”则用 make a
difference to ...。difference 前面可加修饰语，如 big、great 等，表示受影响的程度。
e.g. The false step will make a great difference to our plan.
这次失误会对我们的计划产生很大的影响。
（2）lead to 意为“导致；通向（某地）”，其中，to 为介词。
e.g. Hard work can lead to success. 苦干方能成功。
The road leads to the small town. 这条路通向那个小镇。
拓展：lead sb. to sp. 意为“把某人带到某地”。lead 的过去式和过去分词都是 led。
e.g. He led the guests to the reception room. 他把客人们带到了接待室。
5. Well, to cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
cut down 是固定搭配，意思是减少。cut down 还有砍倒的意思。
We shouldn’t cut down trees. Instead, we should plant more trees.
拓展： cut off意思是切除； cut into 意思是把…切成…；
cut up 意思是切碎， cut in 意思是插队.
.此句中 instead of 意思是代替. 其后一般接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语作宾语。
instead 是副词， 意思是反而。.
一、单项选择
( )1. — How much is the ticket to Central Park?
— A one-way ticket________ 40 dollars，and you can ________ another 20 dollars for a
round trip.
A．spends；pay B．costs；spend C．pays；spend D．costs；pay
( )2. We should keep the windows ________ in order to let the fresh air in.
A．opening B．open C．closed D．close
( )3. We shouldn't ________ trees because trees are important to environmental protection.
A．cut off B．cut in C．cut down D．cut up
( )4. — Let's go boating ________ staying at home，shall we?
— Good idea.
A．as for B．instead of C．because of D．such as
( )5. I ______ sleep very well，but then I started doing yoga and it really helped.
A．didn't use to B．used to C．was used to D．wasn't used to
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空6.Look at the sign. It says “No (litter)”.
7.We used (have) a party to welcome our new friend on weekends.
8.The air is (bad) polluted because there are too many cars now.
9. The young should do meaningful things instead of (play) with phones all day.
10.Remember (throw) rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful.
三、完成句子。
11．你能给我们提一些关于如何减少水污染的建议吗？
Could you give us some advice on how to _____ ______ ______ __________？
12．人们普遍认为，教育会对一个人的生活产生影响。
It's commonly believed that education can ______ ____ __________ to a person's life.
13．教室里挤满了学生。
The classroom ____ _________ ________ students.
14．因为高铁站，这个村庄已经变成了一个现代化的城镇。
Because of the high-speed railway station，the village has already _______ ______ a modern
town.
15．我们应该向那些参与救助病人的医生们道谢。
We should say thanks to those doctors who have _______ ____ _________ ____ _______ the
patients.
四、完形填空
March 22 is World Water Day. It started in 1993. It not only makes us think about the
importance of water, but also calls on us to 16 and protect water. Today, we're facing
terrible water problems. Among them, the wastewater problem is rather 17 . And the
subject of World Water Day in 2017 is “wastewater”.
What is wastewater? It is used water. Usually, wastewater comes from homes, 18 ,
hospitals and so on. It is produced by different kinds of activities,including washing machines,
taking showers and using kitchens. The rain also 19 wastewater when it is running down
the street during a storm. No matter where it comes from, this kind of water is sure to have
20 harmful in it.
21 must we treat(处理) wastewater? Waste-water has a big influence on our lives. It
causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment. We must care for our environment
and our own 2 2 .
How can we treat wastewater? Different kinds of wastewater need different ways of
treatment. Wastewater 23 homes can be reused. Then there will be 24 wastewater.
Also, factory wastewater has to be cleaned 2 5 it goes back to nature.
( )16.A.drink B.save C.carry D.watch( )17.A.easy B.popular C.small D.serious
( )18.A.factories B.lakes C.rivers D.seas
( )19.A.gets backB.hands in C.changes into D.picks up
( )20.A.nothing B.something C.nobody D.somebody
( )21.A.What B.Who C.Why D.How
( )22.A.work B.interest C.health D.business
( )23.A.on B.for C.with D.from
( )24.A.less B.more C.better D.worse
( )25.A.and B.whether C.after D.before
五、阅读理解
When Sally was a child, she went to the city park with her mom on a sunny morning. She
felt very unhappy. Her mom saw that and asked why. Sally told her mother that she felt so
sorry to see so much rubbish on the ground.
Her mom looked around. There were pieces of paper, boxes, glass bottles and a lot of
other rubbish everywhere. “What can we do?” asked Sally sadly. “I'm sure you will think of
something,” said her mom.
As soon as Sally got home with her mom, she painted a picture of the park and wrote a
sign in large black letters at the top of the picture. The sign said, “PLEASE KEEP OUR PARK
CLEAN”. Later, she took plenty of bags and went back to the park with her mom. Sally put up
her picture on a big rubbish box.
The children at the park ran over to see what was going on. Sally handed each of them a
bag. “Let's clean up this place,” said Sally. Then they began to pick up the rubbish, talking and
laughing. Soon, all the bags were full.
Then Sally's mom led them to put the rubbish into different kinds of rubbish boxes. When
they looked at the clean park, they all had a strong feeling of satisfaction.
From then on, Sally has been keeping doing the cleaning and sorting(分类) rubbish. More
and more people joined her to play a part in environmental protection.
( )26.Why was Sally unhappy?
A.Because she couldn't find her mom. B.Because her friends were not at the park.
C.Because there was too much rubbish. D.Because the park was too crowded.
( )27.Sally drew the picture to .
A.show off her painting skills B.encourage people to keep the park clean
C.give her mom a big surprise D.show people how beautiful the park was
( )28.What did the children do at the park when they saw Sally put up her picture?
A.They laughed at Sally. B.They spent a terrible and tiring day.
C.They bought some bags from Sally. D.They joined Sally in picking up the rubbish.
( )29.How do you like Sally?
A.Warm-hearted. B.Brave. C.Hard-working. D.Lazy.( )30.What's the best title for the text?
A.A beautiful park B.Sally and her mom C.A clean-up story D.How to clean the park
六、语法填空
Shaoshan is a famous city, the hometown of Chairman ( 主席) Mao Zedong.
Heonce lived, studied, and 31_______(work) here. Shaoshan is a comfortable place
with flowers blooming(开花) and birds singing all year round. Shaoshan is a place
32_______ is almost in the middle of Hunan, about 40 kilometers from Xiangtan
City and 100 kilometers from Changsha City.
As the high-speed trains are available, more and more people come here
33______ train. For example, it only 34_______(take) less than half an hour from
Changsha City to Shaoshan. Others still want 35_________(drive) here with families
or friends. lf people come here on December 26th, it will be the
36______(good)time. On that day there are a lot of celebrations, because it’s
Chairman Mao’s birthday.
37________(Visitor) from all over the country come here to show their respect.
They also look forward to 38_________(watch)The Most Memorable Shaoshan《《最
忆韶山冲》), which can help them better understand Chairman Mao. They will be
deeply moved and encouraged. Besides, it is not only 39_______good place for
students to have school trips, but also an education base for 40_______(they)to learn
aboutthe history of the Communist Party of China(中国共产党).
31. _________ 32._________ 33._________ 34._________ 35._________
36._________ 37._________ 38._________ 39._________ 40._________
Unit 13 Section A 1a-2d 学案 (知识精讲+分层作业)参考答案
一、单项选择
1-5DBCBA
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6.littering 7.to have 8.badly 9.playing 10.to throw三、完成句子
11. cut down water pollution 12. make a difference
13. is full/filled of/with 14. turned into 15. played a part/role in saving
四、完形填空
16-20 BDACB 21-25 CCDAD
五、阅读理解
26-30 CBDAC
六、语法填空
31.worked 32.that/which 33.by 34. takes 35.to drive
36. best 37.Visitors 38.watching 39.a 40.them
