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Unit 12 Section A 1a-2d 学案 (知识精讲+分层作业)
【重点语法】
过去完成时态(The Past Perfect Tense)
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，它描述
的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
I overslept. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
基本结构为“主语+助动词had+过去分词”。
否定式为“had not (hadn’t) +过去分词”；
疑问句中把 had放到主语前面。
By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.
by the time of 到……时候，引导时间状语从句，同 when引导的时间状语从句。
【重点句型】
1. 1. Life is full of the unexpected.
unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的
e.g. It will not be unexpected if Tom comes late again, because he is always like this.
如果汤姆又迟到了，一点也不意外，因为他一向如此。
expect v. 期待，期望
expected adj. 预期的，预料的
unexpected adj. 意料之外的
the unexpected 为名词化的形容词，意为“出乎意料的事”。 英语中，有些形容词与定冠
词the连用，表示一类人或事物，在句子中起名词的作用。
例：the homeless (无家可归者)
the disabled(残疾人)
the unwanted( 无人认领物品)
注意：(1) 当名词化的形容词用作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于它们所表示的概
念的单复数情况。 多数情况下，表示一类人或物品时，谓语动词用复数；少数情况下，当
指抽象概念或不可数的物品及事件时，谓语动词用单数。
例：The sick are always taken good care of in that hospital. 在那家医院里病人们总是受到很
好的照顾。(the sick=the sick people)
(2) 这种结构中的形容词虽已名词化，但其语言行为仍具有极强的形容词特征，受到副词
修饰或具有比较的特征。
例：The severely disabled need full-time care.重度残疾人需要全天候拌护。
He is spoiled, and always asks for the most expensive.
他被惯坏了，总是嚷着要最贵的东西。
(3) 名词化的形容词前面一般用定冠词the. 但若由and链接(两形容词往往为反义词），成对的使用时，又通常被省略。
例： He is popular with both young and old.老老少少都喜欢他。
It is said that the man was widely respected by both rich and poor.
据说那个人颇收人尊敬，无论是穷人还是富人。
2. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
by the time 在……以前，常引导表示过去的时间状语从句，主句常用过去完成时，即
had+动词过去分词。
e.g. By the time I got there, he had already left. 在我到那儿之前，他已经离开了。
“by the time of …”
如果主句中用了一般将来时态，则从句中常用一般现在时表将来。
He will be a teacher by the time he is twenty.
到他二十岁时，他会成为一名教师。
3. So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door.
rush out 冲出去，冲出……
e.g. Henry rushed out the room and disappeared in the rain. 亨利冲出房间，消失在了雨中。
Julia rushed out and didn’t return. 朱丽叶冲了出去，再没回来。
4. Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.
gave … a lift 捎……一程
e.g. Could you give me a lift, please? 请问你能否捎我一程？
Jim gave me a lift on my way home yesterday. 吉姆昨天在我回家的路上捎了我一程。
相当于give sb. a ride / give a ride to sb.
例：I’m a little late, can you give me a lift, dad?
我要迟到了，你能捎我一程吗，爸爸？
Jim gave me a lift on my way home yesterday. 吉姆昨天在我回家的路上捎了我一程。
5. What happened? 发生什么了？
1) sth. + happen +时间/地点 某时/某地发生了某事
2) sth. + happen to +sb. 某人发生了某事
3) sb. + happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
e.g. An accident happened in our neighborhood just now. 刚才我们社区发生了一起事故。
I happened to hear that interesting story. 我碰巧听说了那个有趣的故事。
A car accident happened to Jim yesterday. 昨天吉姆发生了交通事故。
6.When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home.
当我到学校时我意识到我把书包忘在家里了。
表示“把某物忘在某处”要用词组leave sth. +地点。
forget意为“遗忘某物”，指忘记一件具体的东西，但不能有具体的地点。
例：I my left book on the desk. 我把书忘在了桌 子上。
I forgot my umbrella yesterday .我昨天忘了带伞。
【辨析】leave 与forget的用法:(1) leave “ 遗留，落下，忘记带”，侧重指把某物或某人留在某个地方，后常跟地点状语；
（2）forget “ 忘记”，侧重指忘记某件事情，后常跟to do (忘了要去做)或doing (忘了做过)。
拓展: ♦leave → left → left v 离开
(1)leave sth +地点 把某物遗忘在某地
(2)leave for +地点 离开去某地
(3) leave a message 留言
ask for leave 请假
leave school (中学) 毕业
(4)leave one by oneself=leave sb alone把某人单独留下
7.My alarm clock didn’t go off! 我的闹钟没响。
go off 意为“发出响声”。
例：Something was wrong with my alarm clock and it didn’t go off.
我的闹钟出毛病了，它没有响。
go off 还可以表示“（电灯）熄灭；（电）中断；（食物）变坏，变质；（质量）下降”。
Milk goes off quickly in hot weather.
拓展 ⑴ go by 意为“(时间)过去；消逝”。
例：Time goes by second by second. 时间一秒秒地消逝。
⑵ go on 意为“继续”。
例：Please go on working. 请继续工作。
go over 复习
go away 离开
go by (时间)过去
go for a walk 出去散步
go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳
一、单项选择
( )1.The bottle is ________ juice and you can drink it.
A．full of B．fill of C．full with D．fill with
( )2.I ________ to bring my backpack here.I ________ it at home.
A．forgot; forgot B．left; left C．forgot; left D．left; forgot
( )3. By the time the teacher came, we ________ cleaning the classroom.
A．finished B．have finished C．had finished D．finish
( )4.________， Tom! It's time to get up and go to school.
A．Look up B．Make up C．Grow up D．Wake up
( )5.Great changes ________ in our hometown in the past three years.A．happened B．were happened C．have taken place D．were taken place
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6．All of us should look straight ahead and keep ________(run)．
7．Guiyang is developing so _____ (quick) that more and more graduates choose to work here.
8．When I ________ (get) to school, I realized I ________ (leave) my homework at home.
9．________ (lucky), people tried their best to put out the big fire in the forest.
10．This month he was late for school at ________(little) three times.
三、完成句子。
11．你能捎我一程到市中心吗？Could you ________ _______ _______ _______ downtown?
12．到他们来我家的时候，我已经完成了所有的作业。
________ ________ _______ they came to my home, I _______ ________ all my homework.
13．直到到家，他才意识到他把钥匙落在办公室了。
He________ realize he had left his keys in his office ________ he got home.
14．今天早晨他的闹钟没响，所以他上班迟到了。
His alarm clock didn't ________ ________ this morning so he arrived late for work.
15．那个小偷冲出了那家商店，试图逃跑。
The thief ________ ________ ________ the store and tried to run away.
四、完形填空
Right after lunch, Mother found she had got a cold. She did need a rest in bed. But first
she had a few things to do. Prepare the meat for __16__. Leave a note for the cleaners…
At last, she fell into bed, soon asleep…
Then the door banged (砰的一声) open as the __17__ came home from school. “Mom!
Where are you？” “Didn't you even get up yet？” “What about dinner？”
“I'm sick. And I can't do anything. I'll have to leave all to__18__. Cook the potatoes. Take
care of the baby. Put plates, spoons and forks on the table.”
“Wonderful！” “No problem！” The children ran off __19__. Mother was left in her
quiet room. She felt terrible! But everyone else seemed great. In fact, there seemed to be a
party going on with loud laughs __20__ the children.
There was a sudden crash(破碎声). Then a voice shouted, “Get the baby out of the way
__21__ he cuts himself! Don't break Mom's rest！”
Another crash came! The younger girl rushed in with the news, “They__22__ your plate
and the dog ate all your dinner.”
The girl ran off. There was more noise until, finally, the children appeared, __23__. They
were proud of what they brought. There was a glass of water, three beans, a cold boiled potato
and a small piece of burnt meat.Suddenly, Mother felt__24__. As the children watched carefully, she ate her cold dinner.
“Everything __25__ so good，” Mom smiled. “Thank you, my kids. I feel better now.”
( )16.A.tea B．breakfast C．lunch D．dinner
( )17.A.father B．cleaners C．children D．dog
( )18.A.you B．me C．her D．him
( )19.A.excitedly B．sadly C．quietly D．angrily
( )20.A.in B．with C．from D．under
( )21.A.after B．before C．when D．until
( )22.A.made B．dropped C．sold D．changed
( )23.A.crying B．smiling C．cooking D．sleeping
( )24.A.tired B．afraid C．weak D．great
( )25.A.tastes B．looks C．smells D．sounds
五、阅读理解
When I spent the summer with my grandmother, she sent me down to the store with a list.
Behind the counter was a lady called Miss Bee.
“Excuse me，” I said. She looked up. “I need to get these，” I continued, holding up
my list.
“So? Go to get them.” Miss Bee pointed to a sign. “There's no one here except you and
me, and I'm not your servant, so get yourself a basket over there.”
I visited Miss Bee twice a week that summer. Sometimes she shortchanged(少找零钱)
me. At other times she overcharged. Going to the store was like going into battle. But by the
end of the summer, I could finish the onehour shopping trip in around 15 minutes. The
morning I was to return home, I stopped in to get some gum.
“All right，” she said. “What did you learn this summer？”
“That you're mean！” I replied.
Miss Bee just laughed. “I know what you think of me，” she said. “Well, I don't care! My
job is to teach every child I meet life lessons. When you get older, you'll be glad！” Glad I
met Miss Bee? Ha! The idea was unreasonable．
Then one day my daughter came to me with homework trouble. “It's too hard，” she
said. “Could you finish my math problems for me？”
“If I do it for you, how will you ever learn to do it yourself？” I said. Suddenly, I was
back at that store where I had learned the hard way to add up my bill by myself. Had I ever
been overcharged since then?
( )26. From the conversation, we learn that Miss Bee ________．
A. was a rich woman B. was busy every day
C. was bad to the writer D. was a nice person
( )27. Paragraph 4 tells us that ________．
A. Miss Bee didn't like kids B. the writer hated going to the storeC. the writer and Miss Bee became friends D. shopping was a hard task for kids
( )28. As a child, the writer ________．
A. knew Miss Bee was teaching her a life lesson
B. thought the experience was unpleasant
C. was glad to have met Miss Bee
D. thought Miss Bee didn't like her grandma
( )29. The underlined word “unreasonable” may mean “________” in Chinese.
A. 创意的 B. 理智的 C. 合理的 D. 荒唐的
( )30. What did the writer learn from Miss Bee?
A. Learn to do things by yourself. B. Ask for help whenever you can.
C. Be strict with kids. D. Be thankful to those who help you.
六、语法填空
In October 2021.an underwater oil pipe(管道）broke near Huntington
Beach,California.Oil p 31 into the Pacific Ocean and covered the water for miles.
Beaches were closed.In fact,oil spills(泄漏)are c 32 . In the United States,thousands of
oil spills happen each year.
Oil spills usually happen in two situations. When the oil is t 33 out from the
bottom of the ocean,they may happen. They may also happen during the
transportation(运输）.
When they happen, they can pollute the e 34 badly. It can take years to clean up
after a l 35 spill. But even small spills can cause many p 36 .Oil spills can hurt
wildlife.Birds get oil on their feathers(羽毛).They can't f __3 7 .Sea otters(海) get oil
in their fur.This m 38 it hard for them to stay warm. It is also hard for whales to
breathe because of the oil.
Kim Carr is from the Huntington Beach government.Her community was greatly
affected(影响)by the oil spill. A 39 it happened. she said."We are doing everything in
our power to protect the h 40 and safety of our people, our visitors, and our nature.”
31._________ 32._________ 33._________ 34._________
35._________36.________37._________ 38._________ 39._________ 40._________
Unit 12 Section A 1a-2d 学案 (知识精讲+分层作业)参考答案
一、单项选择1-5 ACCDC
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6.running 7.quickly 8.got; had left 9．Luckily 10.least
三、完成句子
11.give me a lift/ride 12．By the time; had finished 13．didn't; until 14.go off
15.rushed out of
四、完形填空
16-20DCAAC 21-25BBBDA
五、阅读理解
26-30 DBBDA
六、语法填空
31. poured 32.common 33.taken 34.environment 35. large
36.problems 37.fly 38. makes 39. After 40.health
