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基础讲练 专题八 动词的非谓语形式
知识清单·动词的非谓语形式专讲
动词的非谓语形式 也叫非谓语动词 指 2.作表语
ꎬ ꎬ
不能单独作谓语 但同时仍保留动词某些特征 表示主语的职业 职责 性质等
ꎬ 1) 、 、 ꎮ
的动词形式 动词的非谓语形式有动词不定
ꎮ
式 动词 ̄ing 形式和动词 ̄ed 形式三类 动词 I found a part ̄time jobꎬ which is to guide the
、 ꎮ
的非谓语形式相当于名词 形容词或副词 动 patients.我找到了一份引导病人的兼职工作ꎮ
、 ꎮ
词的非谓语形式的功能如下 主语往往是 aim purpose idea intention
: 2) ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
作主语作宾语作表语作定语作状语作补足语 plan wish decision choice 等
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
不定式
√ √ √ √ √ √
动词 ̄ing
The intention of this book is to introduce
形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
popular science.
动词 ̄ed
形式 × × √ √ √ √ 这本书旨在介绍通俗科学ꎮ
3.作宾语
考点 一 动词不定式
后加不定式作宾语的动词有 want wish/hope
动词不定式的基本形式为to do 在句中作 : ꎬ ꎬ
ꎬ
offer decide long happen 碰巧 arrange
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语和补足语 动词 ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ( )ꎬ ꎬ
、 、 、 、 ꎮ
learn refuse promise pretend expect
不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语 ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
ꎮ
afford 等
动词不定式的不同形式及意义如下表 ꎮ
:
主动式 被动式 意义
How I wish to have another day off!
与谓语动词的
一般式 to do to be done 动作同时或在 我多么希望再有一天假期!
其后发生 She promised to come at nine o􀆳clock.
与谓语动词的
进行式 to be doing — 她答应九点来的ꎮ
动作同时发生
温馨提示
to have 先于谓语动词
完成式 to have done 动词不定式作宾语且后面有宾语补足语时ꎬ常用it作形
been done 的动作发生
式宾语ꎬ把真正的宾语即动词不定式放在后面ꎮ 常用句
一、动词不定式的句法功能
型:consider/think/believe/feel/make/find it adj./n. to
1.作主语 + +
5 do sth.ꎮ
年 多数情况下用 it 代替不定式作形式主语 把
高 ꎬ We thought it better to start early.我们认为早出发好些ꎮ
考 不定式放在句子后保持结构平衡
3 ꎮ
年 4.作宾语补足语
模
拟
带 to 的不定式作宾补 常见的词语有 ask
To save time is to lengthen life.
A 1) ꎬ : ꎬ
版 节约时间就是延长生命ꎮ advise allow beg cause call on enable
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
高 It is a great pleasure to talk with him. encourage force forbid get order persuade
考 ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
英
语 与他谈话是一件很快乐的事ꎮ permit require teach tell want warn
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
86
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋wish wait for expect 等 我们制订了一个为汽车迷组建俱乐部的
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
计划ꎮ
The teacher advised students to speak English 6.作状语
in English classes. 目的状语 常用的结构有 to do in order to
1) ꎬ : ꎬ
老师建议学生们在英语课上说英语ꎮ do so as to do 意为 为了做
ꎬ ꎬ “ 􀆺􀆺”ꎮ
Parents shouldn􀆳t allow children to watch
violent TV programmes.父母不应该允许孩 She raised her voice so as to make herself
子收看含暴力内容的电视节目ꎮ heard.
不带 to 的不定式作宾补 常见的词语有 为了让别人听见ꎬ她提高了嗓门儿ꎮ
2) ꎬ :
一感 feel 二听 hear listen to 三 结果状语 常用的结构有
“ ”: ꎻ“ ”: ꎬ ꎻ“ 2) ꎬ :
使 let have make 五看 see watch
”: ꎬ ꎬ ꎻ“ ”: ꎬ ꎬ so/such...as to do sth.如此􀆺􀆺以至于做某事
notice observe look at 半帮助 help 后 enough to do sth.足够􀆺􀆺能做某事
ꎬ ꎬ ꎻ“ ”:
的不定式作宾补时加不加 to 都可以 too...to do sth.太􀆺􀆺而不能做某事
ꎮ
only to do不料ꎬ竟然
The boss made the workers work day and
We hurried to the station only to be told that
night.老板迫使工人们日夜干活ꎮ (主动)
the train had left.
The workers were made to work day and
→
我们急匆匆赶到车站ꎬ结果被告知火车已开
night by the boss.
走了ꎮ
工人们被老板逼着日夜干活ꎮ (被动)
温馨提示
5.作定语
“be 形容词 动词不定式”结构中动词不定式作状语ꎮ 常
+ +
被修饰的词被序数词 the only the right 或
1) 、 、 用的形容词有:gladꎬ sadꎬ happyꎬ sorryꎬ pleasedꎬ surprisedꎬ
最高级修饰且与不定式有主动关系
ꎮ disappointedꎬ delightedꎬ shockedꎬ readyꎬ preparedꎬ willingꎬ
quickꎬfitꎬluckyꎬeasyꎬinterestingꎬfoolishꎮ
Jim is the only one to win a medal in Her new friends were happy to explain things to her after
shooting. class.她的新朋友们很高兴在课后向她解释一些事情ꎮ
吉姆是唯一赢得射击比赛奖牌的人ꎮ
二、“疑问词 不定式”结构
+
动词不定式和被修饰词构成被动关系 若不
2) ꎮ 疑问词 when where how what which
“ ( ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
定式中的动词为不及物动词 其后应加介词
who等 不定式 结构在句中用作主语 表语 宾
ꎬ ꎮ
)+ ” 、 、
语 经常接 疑问词 不定式 作宾语的动词有
ꎮ “ + ” :
The Browns have a comfortable house to live
learn ask discuss explain know remember
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
in.布朗一家有一所住起来舒服的房子ꎮ
forget understand think consider wonder
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ 专
decision wish chance promise plan time show tell decide 等 题
3) ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ 八
attempt effort right 权利 ability patience
动
ꎬ ꎬ ( )ꎬ ꎬ
词
后用不定式作定语 说明名词的内容 How to solve the problem remains to be 的
ꎬ ꎮ 非
谓
discussed.(作主语)
语
形
We made a plan to set up a club for car fans. 如何解决这个问题仍需要讨论ꎮ 式
87
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋My biggest headache is how to be polite in 介词宾语 动词 ̄ing 形式常出现在下列词
2) ꎮ
English.(作表语) 语后
:
我最头痛的问题是如何用英语礼貌地表达ꎮ devote...to把􀆺􀆺献给
I􀆳ll show you how to install the software.(作宾语) get down to开始认真注意或对待
look forward to期待
我给你演示一下如何安装这套软件ꎮ
contribute to为􀆺􀆺做贡献
object to反对
考点 二 动词 ̄ing 形式
lead to导致
动词 ̄ing 形式由 动词原形  ̄ing 构成 具 pay attention to注意
“ + ” ꎬ
有名词 形容词和副词特征 be addicted to沉溺于
、 ꎮ
be/get/become used to习惯于
主动式 被动式 意义
be responsible for对􀆺􀆺负责
与谓语动词的动作同
一般式 doing being done when it comes to当涉及􀆺􀆺时
时发生
having having been 先于谓语动词的动作
完成式
done done 发生 Mary is looking forward to going back to Xi􀆳an.
一、动词 ̄ing 形式的句法功能 玛丽正在盼望回西安ꎮ
动词 ̄ing 形式在句中可作主语 宾语 表 可将介词 in 省略的短语
、 、
语 定语 状语和补足语 spend... ü ï
、 、 ꎮ ï
1.作主语 have difficultyý (in) doing sth.
ï+
ï
have a...time þ
Studying and doing homework seem much 形容词宾语 be worth 动词 ̄ing 形式 表
3) ꎮ “ + ”
more fun when you are at sea.当你在海上时ꎬ 示 值得 be busy 动词 ̄ing 形式 表
“ 􀆺􀆺”ꎬ“ + ”
学习和做作业好像有趣多了ꎮ 示 忙于
“ 􀆺􀆺”ꎮ
温馨提示
有时用it作形式主语ꎬ把动词 ̄ing 短语置于句末ꎮ 常用 He􀆳s decided to get a look at the house and
句型如下: see if it was worth buying.
ì ï a waste(of...)ü ï 他决定去瞧瞧那座房子ꎬ看是否值得买下ꎮ
ï ï
It is/was íno good/use ý doing... 3.作表语
+ï ï+
ï ï
îworth þ
动词 ̄ing 形式作表语 与主语通常是对等的
ꎬ
2.作宾语 关系 表示主语的内容 主语 表语可互换
ꎬ ꎬ 、
位置
动词宾语 动词 ̄ing 形式常出现在下列词
ꎮ
1) ꎮ
语后
5
:
年 Jordan says that the secret of his success is
高 admitꎬ adviseꎬ allowꎬ appreciateꎬ avoidꎬ forbidꎬ
考
3 cannot helpꎬ can􀆳t standꎬ considerꎬ delayꎬ denyꎬ learning from failure. ( Jordan says that
=
年
enjoyꎬ escapeꎬ finishꎬ give upꎬ imagineꎬ keepꎬ learning from failure is the secret of his
模
拟
mindꎬ missꎬ practiseꎬ quitꎬ riskꎬ suggest
success.)乔丹说ꎬ他成功的秘诀在于从失败
A
版 中吸取教训ꎮ
高
He was considering taking the chair downstairs. 4.作定语
考
英
语 他正考虑把那把椅子搬到楼下ꎮ 单个动词 ̄ing 形式作定语时 常放在被修饰
ꎬ
88
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋词的前面 动词 ̄ing 短语作定语时 则一般放 作评注性状语 修饰整个句子 独立存在 没
ꎻ ꎬ 7) ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
在被修饰词之后 修饰 nothing something 等 有逻辑主语 常考词或短语有
ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ :
或 those 时 动词 ̄ing 后置 generally speaking一般说来
ꎬ ꎮ
strictly speaking严格说来
roughly speaking大致说来
Are there any living things on the moon?
judging from/by...根据􀆺􀆺判断
月球上有生物吗?
considering考虑到
The girl sitting next to me was my friend. allowing for考虑到
坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我的朋友ꎮ
Judging from his worried faceꎬ we knew that
5.作状语 he must have had some trouble.
动词 ̄ing 形式作状语时 其逻辑主语是句子 从他担心的表情来看ꎬ我们知道他一定遇到
ꎬ
的主语 且二者为逻辑上的主动关系 了一些麻烦ꎮ
ꎬ ꎮ
表示原因 相当于一个原因状语从句 温馨提示
1) ꎬ ꎮ
动词 ̄ing形式作状语时ꎬ可根据需要在其前加上 whenꎬ
Smoking too muchꎬ he has suffered from lung
whileꎬbeforeꎬafterꎬsinceꎬuntilꎬonceꎬthoughꎬalthoughꎬ
cancer.
as long asꎬ so long asꎬ unlessꎬ as ifꎬ as thoughꎬ even ifꎬ
( As he smokes too much...)
= even though等ꎮ
由于抽烟太多ꎬ他患了肺癌ꎮ Don􀆳t talk while having dinner.吃饭时不要说话ꎮ
表示时间 相当于一个时间状语从句
2) ꎬ ꎮ 6.作补足语
Arriving at the cinemaꎬthey found the film
说明宾语的状态或性质 作宾语补足语 与宾
ꎬ ꎬ
had been over.
语一起构成复合宾语
ꎮ
( When they arrived at the cinema...)
=
到电影院时ꎬ他们发现电影已经结束了ꎮ I found him lying on the grass.
表示条件 相当于一个条件状语从句 我发现他躺在草地上ꎮ
3) ꎬ ꎮ
Working hard at your lessonsꎬyou are to succeed. 把含宾语补足语的句子 如上句 改为被动
( )
( If you work hard at your lessons...) 句 原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语
= ꎬ ꎮ
如果你努力学习功课ꎬ你就能成功ꎮ
He was found lying on the grass by me.
表示让步 相当于一个让步状语从句
4) ꎬ ꎮ
他被我发现躺在草地上ꎮ
Taking more careꎬI still made quite a few
二、动词 ̄ing 形式的复合结构
mistakes.
当动词 ̄ing 形式的逻辑主语与句子的主
( Although I took more care...)
= 语不一致时 要在动词 ̄ing 形式之前加上形容
尽管我多加小心ꎬ还是犯了好多错误ꎮ ꎬ
词性物主代词或名词所有格 这便构成了动
表示伴随情况 补充说明或行为方式 ꎬ
5) 、 ꎮ 词 ̄ing形式的复合结构
ꎮ
I stood by the doorꎬ not daring to say a word.
专
题
我站在门旁ꎬ不敢说一句话ꎮ
Would you mind my/me using your dictionary? 八
表示结果 你介意我用一下你的词典吗? 动
6) ꎮ 词
The fire lasted nearly a monthꎬ leaving nothing
We offered him our congratulations on his
的
非
谓
valuable.大火持续了近一个月ꎬ什么有价值 passing the exams.
语
形
的东西都没留下ꎮ 我们祝贺他通过了考试ꎮ 式
89
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋三、动词 ̄ing 形式和动词不定式的比较 续表
1.作主语 常考词汇 宾语形式 含义
区分点 动词 ̄ing形式 动词不定式 to do 打算/企图做
mean
一般的、抽象的、泛 具体某一种动作 doing 意味着做
含义 ①
指的概念 将来的动作 to do 努力做
② try
可有逻辑主语 可有逻辑主语 doing 试着做
① ①
逻辑 常用名词所有格 常由介词 of/for to do 不能帮忙做
② ②
can􀆳t help
主语 或形容词性物主 引出名词或代词
doing 禁不住做
代词 宾格形式
to do 接着做(另一件事)
go on
doing 不停地做
Exploring the Amazon River needs courage.
to do 需要做
need
考察亚马孙河需要勇气ꎮ
doing( to be done) 需要被􀆺􀆺
=
To explore the Amazon River this summer has
been very good news to us. 考点 三 动词 ̄ed 形式
今年夏天考察亚马孙河对我们来说是一条极
动词 ̄ed 形式也称为过去分词 表示已经
ꎬ
好的消息ꎮ
完成的或被动的动作 在句子中起形容词或副
ꎬ
Lincoln said that it was not right for the South to
词的作用 作定语 表语 补足语和状语
ꎬ 、 、 ꎮ
break away from the Union.
一、动词 ̄ed 形式的句法功能
林肯说南方脱离联邦是不对的ꎮ
1.作定语
The children􀆳s loving nature can surely inspire
单个动词 ̄ed 形式作定语时 常放在被修饰词
ꎬ
their love for their family members.
的前面 动词 ̄ed 短语作定语时 则一般放在
ꎻ ꎬ
孩子对大自然的热爱肯定能激起他们对家庭
被修饰词之后
ꎮ
成员的爱ꎮ
2.作宾语
required courses 必修课
常考词汇 宾语形式 含义 The question mentioned at the meeting has
begin/start to do/doing 开始做 been solved.在会议上提到的问题已经被解决
continue to do/doing 继续做 了ꎮ (被动)
to do 忘记做
温馨提示
forget
doing 忘记已做过 动词 ̄ed形式通常表示被动和完成的意义ꎬ相当于定语从
to do 记得去做 句ꎮ 不及物动词的 ̄ed形式不表示被动ꎬ只强调动作完成ꎮ
remember
doing 记得曾做过 I received a letter written in English.
5
年 高 to do 遗憾要做 = I received a letter which was written in English.
regret
考 我收到一封用英文写的信ꎮ (被动、完成)
doing 后悔做过
3
年 The ground is covered with fallen leaves.
模 停下来去做
拟 to do The ground is covered with the leaves which have fallen.
stop (另一件事) =
A 地上覆盖着落叶ꎮ (完成)
版 doing 停止做
高
考
英
语
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4) ꎬ ꎮ
用于系动词后 表示主语的某种特征或性状 Given more timeꎬ I could do it better.( If I
ꎬ ꎮ =
were given more time...)
The shops have remained shut for a week. 如果多给点时间ꎬ我会做得更好ꎮ
这些商店已经关门一周了ꎮ 表示方式或伴随情况
5) ꎮ
I was very surprised to see little Jimmy run so The woman scientist entered the labꎬ followed
fast in the game.看见小吉米在比赛中跑得这 by her assistants.那位女科学家走进实验室ꎬ
么快ꎬ我非常惊讶ꎮ 后面跟着她的助手们ꎮ
The sun is already set.太阳已经下山了ꎮ 二、动词 ̄ing 形式和动词 ̄ed 形式的区别
3.作宾语补足语 1.动词 ̄ing 形式和动词 ̄ed 形式
说明宾语的状态或性质 与宾语一起构成复
ꎬ 区分点 动词 ̄ing形式 动词 ̄ed形式
合宾语 一般及物动词的过去分词才能作宾
ꎮ 动作状态 正在进行 已完成
补 表示被动或完成含义
ꎬ ꎮ 意义 表示主动 表示被动
I considered this problem settled.
我认为这个问题解决了ꎮ {falling leaves 正在落的叶子
fallen leaves 落叶(已落下的叶子)
温馨提示
把含宾语补足语的句子改为被动句ꎬ原来的宾语补足语 {developing countries 发展中国家
变为主语补足语ꎮ developed countries 发达国家
This song is often heard sung everywhere in China.这首歌 ìI heard someone closing the door.
ï
在中国的大街小巷都经常听见有人唱ꎮ ï
ï
我听见有人在关门ꎮ (表主动)
í
ïI heard the door closed.
4.作状语
ï
动词 ̄ed 形式作状语 表示原因 时间 让步 î ï我听见门被关上了ꎮ (表被动)
ꎬ 、 、 、
2.形容词化的动词 ̄ing 形式和动词 ̄ed 形式
条件 方式或伴随情况等
、 ꎮ
形容词化的动词 ̄ing 形式意为 令人
表示原因 相当于一个原因状语从句
“ 􀆺􀆺
1) ꎬ ꎮ
的 多修饰事物 形容词化的动词 ̄ed 形式含
Seriously injuredꎬ she was sent to hospital at
”ꎬ ꎻ
once.由于受伤严重ꎬ她被立刻送往医院了ꎮ 有被动意味 多修饰人以及人的声音或表情
ꎬ ꎬ
可表示 感到 的
表示时间 相当于一个时间状语从句
“ 􀆺􀆺 ”ꎮ
2) ꎬ ꎮ
Seen from the hillꎬ the city looks 动词 ̄ing形式 动词 ̄ed形式
magnificent. moving令人感动的 moved感动的
当从山上看时ꎬ这个城市看上去很壮观ꎮ frightening令人恐惧的 frightened受惊的
表示让步 相当于一个让步状语从句 amusing逗人笑的 amused感到好笑的
3) ꎬ ꎮ 专
Beaten by the opposite teamꎬ the players were encouraging鼓舞人心的 encouraged受鼓舞的 题
八
not discouraged and practised even harder.( pleasing令人高兴/满意的 pleased高兴的ꎬ满意的 动
= 词
Though they were beaten by the opposite satisfying令人满意的 satisfied满意的 的
非
team...)虽然被对方打败ꎬ但队员们没有泄 puzzling令人迷惑不解的 puzzled困惑的 谓
语
气ꎬ更加刻苦训练ꎮ
tiring令人困倦的 tired疲劳的 形
式
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􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋续表 后跟动词 ̄ed 形式作宾补 表示被动和完成
3) ꎬ ꎮ
动词 ̄ing形式 动词 ̄ed形式
exciting令人兴奋的 excited兴奋的
We heard the song sung by her.
我们听见这首歌被她唱过ꎮ (被动ꎬ完成)
Students were greatly encouraged after hearing 三、动词的非谓语形式作状语的区别
the speaker􀆳s encouraging words.听了演讲者 不定式 动词 ̄ing 形式 动词 ̄ed 形式作状
、 、
鼓舞人心的话后ꎬ学生们深受鼓舞ꎮ
语时要和句子主语有逻辑上的主动或被动关
系 否则一般不能使用不定式 动词 ̄ing 形式
考点 四 动词的非谓语形式作相同句子成分 ꎬ 、 、
动词 ̄ed 形式作状语
的区别 ꎮ
区分点 不定式 动词 ̄ing形式 动词 ̄ed形式
一、动词的非谓语形式作定语的区别
作目的 常位于句首
— —
动词的非谓语形式 作定语 状语 或句尾
不定式 将要发生的动作 表示出乎意 与句子有因
动词 ̄ing形式 正在进行的、主动的动作 作结果 料的结果ꎬ可 果 关 系ꎬ 句
—
状语 以在不定式 子 是 因ꎬ 动
动词 ̄ed形式 已完成的、被动的动作
前加only 词 ̄ing是果
表被动且已
The meeting being held now is of great
作时间 与谓语同时 完成时ꎬ可
—
importance.正在召开的会议很重要ꎮ 状语 发生 换为 having
been done
The meeting held yesterday was of great
to be done 逻
importance.昨天召开的会议很重要ꎮ
辑上的被动
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great 与句子主 逻辑上的主 逻辑上的被
关系ꎻ
语关系 动关系 动关系
importance.明天要召开的会议很重要ꎮ
to do 逻辑上
二、动词的非谓语形式作宾补的区别 的主动关系
感官动词 词组 see watch observe
( ) ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
look at notice hear listen to feel 等 后可接 I got up very early this morning to prepare
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
动词的非谓语形式作宾补 用法如下 breakfast for my family.今天早晨我起得很早以
ꎬ :
后跟不带 to 的不定式作宾补 表示主动和 便给家人准备早餐ꎮ (目的)
1) ꎬ
完成
She fell off the bikeꎬ (thus) breaking her left
ꎮ
leg.她从自行车上掉下来ꎬ结果摔断了她的左
5
年
We often heard her sing next door. 腿ꎮ (直接结果)
高
考 我们常听到她在隔壁唱歌ꎮ (主动ꎬ完成) Looking out of the windowꎬI sawgroups of children.
3
年 后跟动词 ̄ing 形式作宾补 表示主动和正在 我从窗户望出去ꎬ看见成群的孩子ꎮ (时间)
模 2) ꎬ
拟
进行 I woke up in the morningꎬ only to find the
ꎮ
A
版 outside world had greatly changed.
高 We heard her singing next door. 我早晨醒来ꎬ发现外面的世界大变样了ꎮ (出
考
英
语 我们听到她在隔壁唱歌ꎮ (主动ꎬ进行) 乎意料的结果)
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much easier.读过多遍ꎬ这个深奥的故事似乎变 ( If weather permits...)
=
得浅显得多了ꎮ (表示被动和完成) 如果天气允许ꎬ我们明天会去看你ꎮ
Seen from the top of the hillꎬ the park looks 2.名词/代词+动词 ̄ed 形式
more beautiful.从山顶上看ꎬ这个公园显得更加 The test finishedꎬ we􀆳ll have our summer
美丽ꎮ (表被动) vacation.
Not knowing what to doꎬ he went to his parents ( After the test is finished...)
=
for help.由于不知道做什么ꎬ他去找他的父母 考试结束以后ꎬ我们将开始过暑假了ꎮ
帮忙ꎮ (主动关系) 3.名词/代词+不定式
No one to wake me upꎬ I might be late for the
考点 五 独立主格结构
first class.
动词的非谓语形式作状语时 它的逻辑主 ( If no one wakes me up...)
ꎬ =
语应和句子主语保持一致 但有时动词的非 如果没人叫醒我ꎬ我第一节课可能会迟到ꎮ
ꎮ
谓语形式带有自己的逻辑主语 在句子中作状 4.名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语
ꎬ
语 这种结构属于独立主格结构 The little girl entered the roomꎬher face red
ꎬ ꎮ
1.名词/代词+动词 ̄ing 形式 with cold.
Weather permittingꎬ we􀆳re going to visit you 小女孩走进房间ꎬ脸冻红了ꎮ
专
题
八
动
词
的
非
谓
语
形
式
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􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
单句填空·动词的非谓语形式专练
5 年高考
1. cover an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park the GPNP
( ) ꎬ
will be one of the first national parks in the country. ( 新高考 )
2022 Ⅰ
2.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected
ꎬ
bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. ( 新高考 )
( ) 2022 Ⅰ
3.A visually ̄challenged man from Beijing recently hiked 徒步 days to Xi􀆳an as a first step
( ) 40 ꎬ
journey the Belt and Road route 路线 by foot. ( 全国甲)
( ) ( ) 2022
4.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation hold in
( )
Beijing Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute 致敬 to the ancient Silk Road.
ꎬ ( )
( 全国甲)
2022
5.He flew kilometers from Xi􀆳an to Kashgar on Sept. plan to hike back
4ꎬ700 20ꎬ ( )
to Xi􀆳an in five months. ( 全国甲)
2022
6. ...It can help to build a community with a share future for mankind he said.
“ ( ) ꎬ”
( 全国乙)
2022
7. strengthen the connection with young people the event included a number of
( ) ꎬpublic promotional activities on social media... ( 全国乙)
2022
8....the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media
ꎬ
invite twenty ̄nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty ̄six hours of
( )
uninterrupted live broadcasts. ( 全国乙)
2022
9.But Cobb and others are now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances
—
to participate remotely and change their personal behavior to do their part in
( )
dealing with the climate change crisis. ( 浙江 月)
2022 1
10.That approach brought Cobb􀆳s air travel last year down by % and she plans
75 ꎬ
continue the practice. ( 浙江 月)
( ) 2022 1
11.But that􀆳s how nature is always leaving us astonish . ( 新高考 )
— ( ) 2021 Ⅰ
12.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain still it highlights the whole
ꎬ
adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ache legs.
( )
( 新高考 )
2021 Ⅰ
13.It is possible walk or bike the entire kilometers. ( 全国甲)
( ) 14 2021
14.After spend some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall we
( ) ꎬ
decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history
!
( 全国甲)
2021
15.Minimize the impact of visit the place. ( 全国乙)
( ) 2021
16.Activities there range from whale watching to hiking 远 足 and accommodations aim
( )
have a low impact on the natural environment. ( 全国乙)
( ) 2021
17.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become
educate about the areas both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics
( ) — ꎬ
and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.
( 全国乙)
2021
18.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang􀆳e ̄ find and
4 ( )
study areas of the South Pole ̄Aitken basin. ( 全国 )
2020 Ⅰ
19.They represent the earth come back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
( )
( 全国 )
2020 Ⅱ
5 20.Orange trees...make great gifts and you see them many times decorate with red
年 ( )
高
考 envelopes and messages of good fortune. ( 全国 )
2020 Ⅱ
3
年 21.They are easy care for and make great presents. ( 全国 )
模 ( ) 2020 Ⅱ
拟
22.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surround the
A ( )
版 mountain tops he was reduced to tears. ( 全国 )
ꎬ 2020 Ⅲ
高
23. help us prepare for the exam the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
考
( ) ꎬ
英
语 ( 天津夏)
2020
9424.Later they learned to work with the seasons planting at the right time and in dry areas
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
make use of annual floods to irrigate 灌溉 their fields. ( 浙江 月)
( ) ( ) 2020 7
25.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid ̄
s and are expensive perform consistently over a large area. ( 全国 )
1980 ꎬ ( ) 2019 Ⅰ
26.Scientists have responded by note that hungry bears may be congregating 聚
( ) (
集 around human settlements. ( 全国 )
) 2019 Ⅰ
27.A  ̄year ̄old has been awarded Woman Of The Year for be Britain􀆳s oldest
90 “ ” ( )
full ̄time employee still working hours a week. ( 全国 )
— 40 2019 Ⅱ
28.When we got a call say she was short ̄listed we thought it was a joke.
( ) ꎬ
( 全国 )
2019 Ⅱ
29. Picking up her Lifetime Achievement award proud Irene declared she had no plans
“ ” ꎬ
retire from her  ̄year ̄old business. ( 全国 )
( ) 36 2019 Ⅱ
30.On our way to the house it was raining so hard that we couldn􀆳t help wondering how long it
ꎬ
would take get there. ( 全国 )
( ) 2019 Ⅲ
31.On the last day of our week ̄long stay we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful
ꎬ
farm on the North Shore under the stars listen to musicians and meeting
ꎬ ( )
interesting locals. ( 全国 )
2019 Ⅲ
32.Earth Day mark on April is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness
ꎬ ( ) 22 ꎬ
about environmental protection. ( 北京)
2019
33.Nervously face challenges I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words
( ) ꎬ
Be yourself . ( 北京)
“ ” 2019
34.But some students didn􀆳t want wear the uniform. ( 浙江 月)
( ) 2019 6
35.Most colleges now offer first ̄year students a course specially design to help them
( )
succeed academically and personally. ( 天津夏)
2019
36.You may drink smoke be overweight and still reduce your risk of die early by
ꎬ ꎬ ( )
running. ( 全国 )
2018 Ⅰ
37.I quickly lower myself ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn􀆳t feel
ꎬ
challenge . ( 全国 )
( ) 2018 Ⅲ
38.I still remember visit a friend who􀆳d lived here for five years. ( 浙江 月)
( ) 2018 6
答案
专
1.Covering 2.to increase 3.to journey 4.held 5.planning 6.shared 7.To strengthen 题
八
8.inviting 9.changing 10.to continue 11.astonished 12.aching 13.to walk 14.spending
动
词
15.visiting 16.to have 17.educated 18.to find 19.coming 20.decorated 21.to care 的
非
22.surrounding 23.To help 24.making 25.to perform 26.noting 27.being 28.saying 谓
语
形
29.to retire 30.to get 31.listening 32.marked 33.facing 34.to wear 35.designed 式
9536.dying 37.challenged 38.visiting
3 年模拟
1.In the early Western Han Dynasty a general name Ji Bu was known for being
ꎬ ( )
courageous and honest. ( 山东枣庄二模)
2022
2. Emoji should cover characters represent major food allergens 过敏原
“ ( ) ( )ꎬ”
Komatsu wrote in his proposal. ( 湖南长沙一中月考)
2022
3.The Shougang Big Air is the only snow event venue in downtown Beijing making it the coolest
ꎬ
thing for Big Air athletes jump against the backdrop 衬托 of coolant towers.
( ) ( )
( 广东佛山二检)
2022
4.It enables people understand what ingredients are used in foods even in foreign
( )
countries and to safely select meals. ( 湖南长沙一中月考)
2022
5.You􀆳re a little nervous fear that you might be late. ( 陕西宝鸡渭滨一模)
ꎬ ( ) 2022
6. see their aimless daughter every day they are very disappointed.
( ) ꎬ
( 黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模)
2022
7.Then Nina runs across a self ̄help book Things I Love About Myself write by
ꎬ30 ꎬ ( )
Radhika Sanghani. ( 黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模)
2022
8.The high cost of child ̄raising is one more difficulty Chinese policymakers face while
deal with rapidly decreasing birth rates. ( 江西上饶六校联考二)
( ) 2022
9.It asked all public schools nationwide provide first ̄aid courses including CPR
( ) ꎬ
training as part of health education. ( 宁夏石嘴山适应性测试)
ꎬ 2022
10.The splendid home locate at West Highland Drive has sat on its .  ̄acre
ꎬ ( ) 618 ꎬ 0 32
plot since . ( 浙江金华十校 月模拟)
1905 2022 4
11.Fast fashion is the mass production of clothes at a low cost which are put in shops and online
ꎬ
quickly create a high demand. ( 山西晋城二模)
( ) 2022
12.These chemicals cause pollution to the environment as well as health problems for people
work in clothes factories. ( 山西晋城二模)
( ) 2022
5 13.In recent years Zhang has been devotedly popularizing the traditional flower arrangement
年 ꎬ ꎬ
高
hoping people will be familiar with the art take pride in its centuries ̄old history and hold an
考
ꎬ
3
年 ability appreciate the beauty in life. ( 江苏盐城三模)
模 ( ) 2022
拟 14.In the early period the fan was called the fan of honor serve as the symbol
ꎬ “ ”ꎬ ( )
A
版 of etiquette 礼仪 . ( 福建泉州四校联考期中)
( ) 2022
高 15. equip with cameras sensors and screens the smart trash stations are interactive
考 ( ) ꎬ ꎬ
英
语 and help people reasonably deal with different kinds of trash. ( 河北衡水中学六调)
2022
9616.It was not all plain sailing and there were many difficulties Lucy met including
ꎬ
arrange visas to enter some countries. ( 广东广州一模)
( ) 2022
17.Every winter there were proficient ice ̄skaters select to perform on the
ꎬ 200 ( )
frozen royal lake. ( 浙江台州二模)
2022
答案
1.named 2.representing 3.to jump 4.to understand 5.fearing 6.Seeing 7.written
8.dealing 9.to provide 10.located 11.to create 12.working 13.to appreciate 14.serving
15.Equipped 16.arranging 17.selected
语篇填空·动词的非谓语形式专练
1
Passage ( 全国 改编)
2018 Ⅰ
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal runners live three years longer than
ꎬ
non ̄runners. You don􀆳t have to run fast or for long . see the benefit. You may
1 ( )
drink smoke be overweight and still reduce your risk of . die early by running.
ꎬ ꎬ 2 ( )
While . run regularly can􀆳t make you live forever the review says it is more
3 ( ) ꎬ
effective at . lengthen life than walking cycling or . swim . Two
4 ( ) ꎬ 5 ( )
of the authors of the review also made a study . publish in that showed a mere
6 ( ) 2014
five to minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
10
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...it􀆳s probably running.
. avoid knee pain you can run on soft surfaces do exercises .
7 ( ) ꎬ ꎬ 8
strengthen your leg muscles avoid hills and get good . run shoes. Running is
( ) ꎬ 9 ( )
cheap easy and it􀆳s always energetic. If you are time poor you need run for only half the time
ꎬ ꎬ
. get the same benefits as other sports so perhaps we should all give it a try.
10 ( ) ꎬ
答案
语篇解读 文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处ꎮ
[ ]
1.to see 2.dying 3.running 4.lengthening 5.swimming 6.published 7.To avoid 8.to
strengthen 9.running 10.to get
2
Passage ( 湖南常德 月模拟改编)
2022 3
Early to bed and early to rise makes a person healthy wealthy and wise.
ꎬ
专
The words have been backed by science. It has been proved that morning people are persistent 题
八
and productive. . rise up early also relieves stress and tension because it gives you
动
1 ( )
词
the time . exercise before you get distracted. This is why morning people tend 的
2 ( ) 非
. be healthier and happier. Recent research has found that late sleepers generally 谓
3 ( ) 语
形
consume approximately more calories than those who rise early. 式
248
97Researchers have also said that early morning is the best time . study and gain
4 ( )
knowledge. This will help you stay ahead in the class and keep your grades up.
More rest equals more energy plain and simple. If you get into the routine of rising early and
ꎬ
retiring to bed early you are more likely to have a better sleeping pattern which leads to
ꎬ
. be more energetic throughout the day . help you accomplish
5 ( ) ꎬ 6 ( )
your tasks in a faster and more creative manner.
. get up early has many benefits for both your body and your mind. The
7 ( )
hardest part is convincing yourself . do it and then . get into a
8 ( ) ꎬ 9 ( )
routine of getting up early every morning.
If you don􀆳t develop the habit of . wake up before the rest of the world you
10 ( ) ꎬ
won􀆳t be able to change the world.
答案
语篇解读 研究证实了早起给人们带来的好处ꎮ
[ ]
1.Rising 2.to exercise 3.to be 4.to study 5.being 6.helping 7.Getting 8.to do
9.getting 10.waking
3
Passage ( 浙江名校协作体开学考试改编)
2021
What annoys you most in life A new survey on . annoy things has some
? 1 ( )
interesting findings. The report is divided into a number of categories. Transport comes fairly high up
on the list with buses planes and trains all capable of . drive us mad. Some of
ꎬ ꎬ 2 ( )
the things we find most . disturb about buses include missing a bus particularly
3 ( ) ꎬ
after . run to the bus stop and people on buses who crowd near the entrance
4 ( ) ꎬ
. refuse to move down to the end of the bus.
5 ( )
The airport is also a place that can really anger us. . hit by out ̄of ̄control
6 ( )
luggage carts or being struck by someone who can􀆳t control them properly is enough to make us see
ꎬ
red. Getting in a slow ̄moving queue . check in our baggage when our flight is
7 ( )
about to leave is also enough . make our blood pressure soar. .
8 ( ) 9
delay flights are obviously annoying but airlines that refuse to keep us up to date with the latest
( ) ꎬ
5 travel information make us even angrier.
年
高
The train causes bother as well. . block toilets buffet cars with no
考
10 ( ) ꎬ
3
年 sandwiches and passengers who make loud phone calls all appear on the list.
模
拟 答案
A
版
语篇解读 文章主要讲述了乘坐公交车、飞机和火车等交通工具时会遇到的一些烦人的事ꎮ
[ ]
高 1.annoying 2.driving 3.disturbing 4.running 5.refusing 6.Being hit 7.to check 8.to
考
英
语 make 9.Delayed 10.Blocked
984
Passage ( 辽宁铁岭朝鲜族高级中学开学摸底改编)
2020
This week New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy signed a bill banning the use of elephants tigers
ꎬ ꎬ
and other wild animals in circus acts . make New Jersey the first state in the USA
ꎬ 1 ( )
. pass such a law. The law has come into effect since its formal declaration.
2 ( )
. know as Nosey􀆳s Law the bill aims . protect animals
3 ( ) “ ”ꎬ 4 ( )
in traveling circus acts from abuse. Nosey the law􀆳s namesake is an African elephant who was
ꎬ ꎬ
forced to travel around the country and give rides at events despite . be severely
5 ( )
lame from arthritis 关节炎 . The arthritis had likely caused unnecessary suffering and permanent
( )
disability for Nosey but the U.S. Department of Agriculture failed . take action to
ꎬ 6 ( )
protect Nosey and Nosey􀆳s owners continued . use her in shows.
ꎬ 7 ( )
These animals belong in their natural habitats not in performances where their safety is at
“ ꎬ
risk Governor Murphy said. The law finally became a reality because of years of hard work and
ꎬ”
the bill was passed with only three people . vote no. Illinois and New York have
8 ( )
already banned the use of elephants in . travel or entertainment acts but New Jersey
9 ( )
is the first . ban all wild and exotic animals.
10 ( )
答案
语篇解读 美国新泽西州出台法律禁止用大象、老虎和其他野生动物从事马戏表演ꎮ
[ ]
1.making 2.to pass 3.Known 4.to protect 5.being 6.to take 7.to use/using 8.voting
9.traveling 10.to ban
5
Passage ( 浙江衢州 月模拟改编)
2020 10
In elementary school George wasn􀆳t exactly popular but he always had a couple of really good
ꎬ ꎬ
friends. In middle school he was good at . learn science and math. While most
ꎬ 1 ( )
kids were going to the movies on weekends George preferred . design his own
ꎬ 2 ( )
special projects. He dreamed of . own his own technology company someday.
3 ( )
When George went to high school some of the other students made fun of him for being into books
ꎬ
and computers. This made George very . disappoint but he tried not to let
4 ( )ꎬ
anything keep his dream from . achieve . George got excellent grades and was
5 ( )
admitted to both Harvard and Yale but he decided to go to Stanford because in this university there
ꎬ
were many opportunities for people . wish to work in Silicon Valley. This was the
6 ( )
first time George had felt . accept by people around him. He took many computer
7 ( ) 专
classes and kept . design his own projects on weekends. During the summer 题
ꎬ 8 ( ) 八
months he would take extra classes and he ended up . graduate a year early. He
ꎬ ꎬ 9 ( ) 动
词
took a job as a computer programmer at Apple. After five years George left to start his own
的
ꎬ
非
company finally . realize his childhood dream. 谓
ꎬ 10 ( ) 语
形
式
99答案
语篇解读 虽然乔治被其他同学嘲笑ꎬ但是他不让任何事阻碍他的梦想实现ꎮ 经过努力ꎬ他成
[ ]
功开办自己的公司ꎬ实现了童年的梦想ꎮ
1.learning 2.to design 3.owning 4.disappointed 5.being achieved 6.wishing 7.accepted
8.designing 9.graduating 10.realizing
6
Passage ( 全国十大名校 月联考改编)
2020 3
For many people a big portion 一份 of chips is junk food. But according to one scientist
ꎬ ( ) ꎬ
Professor Rimm the size of most portions is far too big and instead should only include six fries.
ꎬ ꎬ
Professor Rimm a nutritionist . work at Harvard University said There
ꎬ 1 ( ) ꎬ ꎬ “
are not a lot of people . send back three ̄quarters of an order of French fries. I think
2 ( )
it would be nice if your meal came with a side salad and six French fries.
”
In comparison the Agriculture Department currently lists a serving of chips as three ounces
ꎬ —
equal to to fries. And McDonald􀆳s blows this recommendation out of the water with a large
12 15 ꎬ
portion of chips . weigh . ounces.
3 ( ) 5 3
Professor Rimm􀆳s words came shortly after a study . show a link between
4 ( )
potato consumption and obesity 肥胖症 and heart disease.
( )
Worryingly the study . lead by researchers from the Italian National
ꎬ ꎬ 5 ( )
Research Council found that people who eat fried potatoes two to three times a week are at a higher
ꎬ
risk of death . compare with those who don􀆳t eat . fry potatoes.
6 ( ) 7 ( )
While . limit your chip portions to six fries might be extreme Professor
8 ( ) ꎬ
Rimm suggests . track how you feel before eating chips may lead to changes in
9 ( )
your . eat habits.
10 ( )
答案
语篇解读 炸薯条属于垃圾食品ꎬ人们应该尽量少吃ꎮ
[ ]
1.working 2.sending 3.weighing 4.showed/showing 5.led 6.compared 7.fried
8.limiting 9.tracking 10.eating
5
年
高
考
3
年
模
拟
A
版
高
考
英
语
100