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基础讲练 专题九 并列复合句和主从复合句
知识清单·并列复合句和主从复合句专讲
考点 一 并列复合句 I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
我刚要出去ꎬ电话就响了ꎮ
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句
6.while 作为并列连词 意为 而 却 表示
连在一起的句子叫并列复合句 ꎬ “ ꎬ ”ꎬ
ꎮ
对比
常见的并列连词 ꎮ
1. 表 并 列 关 系: and, not only... but
He likes pop music while I am fond of
(also)...等。
classical music.
他喜欢流行音乐ꎬ而我喜欢古典音乐ꎮ
She dances well and he sings well.
注意
她舞跳得好ꎬ他歌唱得好ꎮ
并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或分句ꎬ既可
2.表转折关系:but, yet 等。
用于简单句ꎬ也可用于复合句ꎮ
Honey is sweetꎬ but the bee stings.
考点 二 主从复合句
蜂蜜是甜的ꎬ但蜜蜂会蜇人ꎮ
一、定语从句
Its a small carꎬ yet its surprisingly spacious.
1.基本概念
这辆轿车小ꎬ然而宽敞得出奇ꎮ
在主从复合句中作定语 修饰名词 代词等的
3.表因果关系:for, so 等。 ꎬ 、
从句叫定语从句 定语从句的作用相当于形
ꎮ
容词
He didnt attend the meetingꎬ for he was ill. ꎮ
他由于病了ꎬ没有参会ꎮ
Ill forever cherish the days when I studied
It was still painful so I went to see a doctor.
abroad.我将永远珍视我在国外学习的日子ꎮ
那地方还疼ꎬ因此我去看了医生ꎮ
先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词 代词等称
4.表选择关系:or, either...or...等。
1) : 、
为先行词 一般出现在定语从句之前 有时
ꎬ ꎮ
先行词是整个主句
Either you come to my house or I go to yours.
ꎮ
或者你到我家来ꎬ或者我到你家去ꎮ
5.when 可用作并列连词 意为 正在这时/那 This is the museum which was built last year. 专
ꎬ “ 题
时 一 就 刚 就 相当于 and at this/ 这就是去年建成的那个博物馆ꎮ 九
ꎻ ꎻ ”ꎬ
并
that time They sent my child to the school every
列
ꎮ
复
morningꎬ which I considered a great help 合
句
We were having a meeting when someone to me. 和
主
从
broke in. 他们每天早晨送我的孩子去学校ꎬ我认为这
复
合
我们正在开会ꎬ这时突然有人闯了进来ꎮ 对我是极大的帮助ꎮ 句
101
关系词 引导定语从句的词被称为关系词
2) : ꎮ
常见关系词的分类概述见下表 The area along the Yellow River is the place
:
分类 关系词 指代对象 在从句中的作用 which must be protected.
who 人 作主语、宾语 沿黄河的地区是必须保护的地方ꎮ
whom 人 作宾语、表语 People who take physical exercise live longer.
关
系 whose 人或物 作定语 进行身体锻炼的人更长寿ꎮ (若把从句去
代
that 人或物 作主语、表语、宾语
词 掉ꎬ句子就失去意义)
which 物 作主语、宾语、表语、定语
非限制性定语从句 和先行词的关系比较松散
2) :
as 人或物 作主语、宾语、表语
是一种补充说明 一般使用逗号与主句分
( )ꎻ
when 时间 作时间状语
关 开 不可用关系代词that 或关系副词why 来引
系 ꎻ
where 地点 作地点状语
副 导 关系词作宾语时不可省略 可修饰整个主
词 ꎻ ꎻ
why 原因 作原因状语 句或主句的一部分 往往不译为 的
ꎻ “ ”ꎮ
The boys who/that are playing football are His daughterꎬ who is in Bostonꎬ is coming
from Class One.(从句中 who/that 作主语) here.他女儿在波士顿ꎬ就要来这儿了ꎮ (若
正在踢足球的男孩们是一班的ꎮ 把从句去掉ꎬ句子完整)
This is the pen ( which/that) he bought Peter drove too fastꎬ which was dangerous.
yesterday.(从句中 which/that 作宾语) 彼得开车太快ꎬ这是很危险的ꎮ
这是他昨天买的那支钢笔ꎮ 3.关系代词的用法
Ill cherish the moment when I met Lisa. that 的用法
1)
(从句中 when 作时间状语) that 指 代 人/物 指 人 时 相 当 于 who/
(
我将珍视我和莉萨见面的时刻ꎮ whom 指物时相当于 which 在限制性定
ꎻ )ꎬ
Is there a shop around where we can get fruit? 语从句中作主语 宾语或表语 作宾语时
、 (
(从句中 where 作地点状语) 常可省略
)ꎮ
附近有没有我们能买到水果的商店?
We dont knowthe reason why they didnt attend The picture (that/which) we are studying
the meeting.(从句中why作原因状语) was drawn by a fifteen ̄year ̄old student.
我们不知道他们没有参会的原因ꎮ 我们正在研究的这幅画是一个十五岁的学
5 2.定语从句的分类 生画的ꎮ
年
高
考 限制性定语从句 和先行词的关系密切 不 I cant recognize the person ( that/who/
1) : ꎻ
3
年 用逗号与主句分开 可用关系代词 that 引 whom) I met five years ago.
模 ꎻ
拟 导 可省略关系词 that who which 在从句 我认不出五年前我见到的那个人了ꎮ
ꎻ ( ꎬ ꎬ
A
版 中充当宾语时可以省略 只可以修饰先行 I know a foreigner who/that is from South
)ꎻ
高 词 不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 先行词 Africa.
考 ꎬ (
英
语 通常是名词 代词或词组 翻译成 的 我认识一个来自南非的外国人ꎮ
、 )ꎻ “ ”ꎮ
102
who/whom 的用法
2)
关系代词指代在从句中的作用 作宾语时是否可省略 Is this the pen (which) you are looking for?
who 人 作主语、宾语 可省略 这是你正在找的那支钢笔吗?
whom 人 作宾语、表语 可省略
The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.
刚开走的那列火车是驶往深圳的ꎮ
He is the man who lives next door.(在从句中 that和which的用法辨析
作主语)他就是住在隔壁的那个男子ꎮ 先行词指物时ꎬ在限制性定语从句中可作主语、表语或
I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I 宾语的which 和 that 在通常情况下可互换使用ꎮ 但在
下列情况下that和which却不宜互换ꎮ
got to know at a party in the shopping center
.宜用that不宜用which的情况:
yesterday.(在从句中作宾语) 1
先行词是 allꎬmuchꎬlittleꎬfewꎬsomethingꎬanythingꎬ
昨天在购物中心ꎬ我碰巧遇见了那位我在一 ①
everythingꎬnoneꎬnothing等不定代词时ꎮ
次聚会上认识的教授ꎮ
He did everything that he could to help us.
whose 的用法
3)
他尽他最大努力来帮助我们ꎮ
关系代词 指代 在从句中的作用 先行词在主句中作表语ꎬ关系代词本身在从句中也作
②
whose 人/物 作定语 表语时ꎮ
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了ꎮ
This is the scientist whose achievements are
先行词前有 the onlyꎬthe sameꎬthe veryꎬanyꎬeveryꎬ
remarkable. ③
noꎬallꎬfewꎬlittleꎬmuch等词语修饰时ꎮ
This is the scientistꎬ the achievements of
= Reading was the only thing that interested her.
whom are remarkable.
阅读是唯一使她感兴趣的事ꎮ
This is the scientistꎬ of whom the
= 主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时ꎮ
④
achievements are remarkable.
Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢的自行车?
这就是那位成就非凡的科学家ꎮ 先行词既指人又指物时ꎮ
⑤
Id like a room whose window faces the sea. I am going to talk about the countries and people that I
Id like a room of which the window faces have visited.我要谈论一下我所访问过的国家和人民ꎮ
=
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词
the sea.
⑥
最高级修饰时ꎮ
Id like a room the window of which faces
=
This is the best filmthat hasbeenshownsofarinthecity.
the sea.
这是这座城市到目前为止放映过的最好的电影ꎮ
我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间ꎮ
The first thing that we should do now is to find a local
which 的用法
4) guide.
关系 在从句中 我们现在应该做的第一件事就是找一个当地的向导ꎮ 专
指代 作宾语时是否可省略
题
代词 的作用 .只用which不用that的情况: 九
2
限制性定语从句中可 在非限制性定语从句中ꎮ 并
物 ① 列
省略
在介词后ꎮ 复
一般作主 ② 合
作介词的宾语ꎬ且介词
句
which 主句或 语、表语、 提前时不可省略 as 的用法 和
主句的 宾语 5) 主 从
非限制性定语从句中不 as 引导限制性定语从句时 主要用于 the
复
一部分 ① ꎬ 合
可省略 same...as... such...as... so...as...结构 as 在 句
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
103
定语从句中既可指人也可指物 在从句中常 续表
ꎬ
可作主语 宾语 表语 关系 在从句 与“介词 关系
、 、 ꎮ 先行词 +
副词 中的作用 代词”的关系
表示场所的名
We have found such materials as are used in in/at/on
词: parkꎬ placeꎬ where 作地点状语 =
their factory.我们已经找到了他们工厂里用 which
countryꎬhouse等
的这样的材料ꎮ
表示理由的名
why 作原因状语 for which
He is not the same man as he was. 词:reason =
他和过去不同了ꎮ
温馨提示
as 引导非限制性定语从句 其先行词是整个
.从句中缺少什么成分是选择关系代词或关系副词的
② ꎬ 1
主句时 常译成 正如 正像
关键ꎬ即便先行词是表示地点、时间或原因的名词ꎬ如
ꎬ “ ꎬ ”ꎮ
果在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语ꎬ那么还是要选择关
As everybody knowsꎬ Shakespeare is a 系代词ꎮ
famous writer. .当先行词为表示“模糊地点或抽象地点”的名词ꎬ如
2
每个人都知道ꎬ莎士比亚是一位著名的作家ꎮ conditionꎬpointꎬpositionꎬactivityꎬcaseꎬsituation 等ꎬ关
as和which的用法辨析(引导非限制性定语从句时) 系词在定语从句中作地点状语时ꎬ可用where引导ꎮ
.共同点:都可指代整个主句ꎮ You could get into a situation where you have to decide
1
.不同点: immediately.你可能遇上一种情况使你不得不立刻作
2
as位置灵活ꎬ可位于主句前、中、后ꎬwhich位于主句之 出决定ꎮ
后ꎻas 表示“正如ꎬ正像”ꎬwhich 表示“这一点ꎬ这件
.as也可用作关系副词引导限制性定语从句ꎬ多用于
3
事”ꎻas的先行词一般只能是整个主句ꎬwhich 的先行
the same...as结构ꎬas在从句中作方式状语ꎮ
词还可以是主句中的一部分或一个名词ꎮ
He answered with the same simplicity as he asked.
As is known to everybodyꎬthe moon travels round the
他回答问题就和提出问题一样简洁ꎮ
earth once every month. The moon travels round the
=
earth once every monthꎬ as is known to everybody. 5.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
众所周知ꎬ月亮每个月绕地球转一圈ꎮ 介词 关系代词 引导定语从句时 关系代
“ + ” ꎬ
She is very patientꎬ as is shown in her work.
词常用 which 指物 或 whom 指人 即 介
( ) ( )ꎬ “
她很有耐心ꎬ正如她在工作中表现出来的一样ꎮ
词 which/whom
+ ”ꎮ
The weather turned out to be very fineꎬ which was more
当介词放在关系代词的前面时 关系代词
than we could expect. 1) ꎬ
which 或 whom 不能省略
结果天气很晴朗ꎬ这一点超出了我们的预料ꎮ ꎮ
The bookꎬ which I bought yesterdayꎬ is very instructive.
5
我昨天买的那本书很有启发性ꎮ In the dark streetꎬthere wasnt a single person
年
高
考 to whom she could turn for help.
4.关系副词的用法
3
年 在黑暗的街道上ꎬ没有一个她可以求助的人ꎮ
模 关系 在从句 与“介词 关系
拟 先行词 + 在限制性定语从句中 当介词位于定语从句
副词 中的作用 代词”的关系 2) ꎬ
A
版 的末尾时 可用 that/which 指物 that/
表示时间的名
ꎬ ( )ꎬ
at/in/on/
高 词: timeꎬ dayꎬ when 作时间状语 = whom/who 指人 作介词的宾语 而且作介
考 during which ( ) ꎬ
英 year等
语 词宾语的关系代词可以省略
ꎮ
104
语从句中缺少 方 式 状 语 则 用 how in
ꎬ ꎬ
This is the hero (that/who/whom) we are which that 或省略关系词
ꎬ ꎮ
proud of.这是我们引以为荣的那位英雄ꎮ
This is the pen (that/which) I wrote the The way (how/that/in which) he explained
letter with. the sentence to us was not difficult to
这是我写信用的那支钢笔ꎮ understand.
6.定语从句中的注意事项 他向我们解释句子的那种方法不难理解ꎮ
定语从句中的主谓一致问题 二、状语从句
1)
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主 在句中作状语的从句叫状语从句 由于其
ꎬ
语时 定语从句中的谓语动词在人称 数方 功能与副词非常相似 故又称作副词性从句
ꎬ 、 ꎬ ꎮ
面应该与先行词保持一致 常见的九种状语从句和引导词 从属连词
ꎮ ( )
如下
:
Iꎬ who am your teacherꎬ will try my best to 从句 引导词
help you.我———你的老师ꎬ将尽全力帮助你ꎮ
whenꎬ whileꎬ asꎬ tillꎬ untilꎬ beforeꎬ
I didnt meet the guests who were here. 时间状语从句 afterꎬsinceꎬas soon asꎬeach timeꎬthe
moment等
我没有遇见在这里的客人ꎮ
地点状语从句 whereꎬwherever等
温馨提示
.有时先行词与关系代词隔开ꎬ这时先确定先行词ꎮ becauseꎬsinceꎬasꎬnow thatꎬin thatꎬ
1 原因状语从句
considering that等
Henry is doing experiments in the laboratory which are
important to his study of certain chemicals. so thatꎬin order thatꎬfor fear thatꎬin
目的状语从句
case等
亨利正在实验室做实验ꎬ这些实验对他研究某些化学
制品是很重要的ꎮ 结果状语从句 so thatꎬso...thatꎬsuch...that等
.当先行词是“one of 复数名词(短语)”ꎬ并且关系代 ifꎬunlessꎬas/so long asꎬin caseꎬon
2 +
条件状语从句
词在从句中作主语时ꎬ从句的谓语动词通常用复数形 condition that等
式ꎮ 当“one of 复数名词(短语)”前有 the onlyꎬthe thoughꎬalthoughꎬeven though/ifꎬasꎬ
+
very 等时ꎬ关系代词所代表的是一个单数的概念ꎬ所 让步状语从句 whileꎬwhateverꎬhoweverꎬno matter
+
特殊疑问词等
以从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式ꎮ
The Great Wall is one of the world ̄famous buildings that 比较状语从句 as...as...ꎬnot as/so...as...ꎬthan等
draw lots of visitors. 方式状语从句 asꎬas ifꎬas though等
长城是吸引大量游客的世界著名的建筑之一ꎮ
1.时间状语从句
专
Rumour has it that the Great Wall is the only one of the 题
在主从复合句中作时间状语的从句称为时间 九
buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
状语从句 可放在句首 句中或句尾 下面是 并
有传言说长城是地球上唯一能从月球上看到的建筑ꎮ ꎬ 、 ꎮ 列
复
时间状语从句常用的引导词的用法
合
ꎮ
句
way 后面的定语从句 when while 和 as 的用法 和
2) 1) ꎬ 主
如果先行词 way 后面的定语从句中缺少宾 when 引导的从句中的谓语动词为延续性动 从
复
①
合
语 则用 that which 或省略关系词 如果定 词或非延续性动词均可 可用于表示主句动 句
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ ꎻ
105
作和从句动作同时发生 也可用于表示从句 温馨提示
ꎬ
动作发生在主句动作前 .till不可置于句首ꎬ而until可以ꎮ
ꎮ 1
Until you told me I had no idea of it.
直到你告诉我ꎬ我才知道这件事ꎮ
When I lived thereꎬ I used to go to the park
.not until 后接从句置于句首时ꎬ主句要用部分倒装
on Sundays. 2
结构ꎮ
我住在那里时ꎬ星期天常去公园ꎮ
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.
while 强调两个动作同时发生 从句中的谓
② ꎬ 直到你告诉我ꎬ我才知道这件事ꎮ
语动词必须是延续性动词
ꎮ
since 的用法
3)
Please dont talk so loud while others are working. since 引导时间状语从句时 表示 自 以
① ꎬ “
其他人工作时ꎬ请不要这么大声谈话ꎮ 来 从 以后 从句常用一般过去时 主
ꎻ ”ꎮ ꎬ
从属连词 as 可表示从句和主句的两个动作 句用一般现在时 现在完成时或过去完成
③ 、
交替进行或同时发生 可译为 一边 一 时 加强语气时可用 ever since 常用句型为
ꎬ “ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
边 或 随着 It is/has been 时间段 since 从句
” “ ”ꎮ “ + + ”ꎮ
She hurried homeꎬ looking behind as she went. I havent seen him since he left Beijing.
她匆匆忙忙回家去ꎬ一边走一边回头望ꎮ 从他离开北京之后我就再没见到他ꎮ
His theory proved to be correct as time went on. It is two years since we arrived here.
随着时间的推移ꎬ他的理论被证明是正确的ꎮ 我们到这儿两年了ꎮ
till until 的用法 since 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词一般
2) ꎬ ②
延续性动词 肯定式 until/till 表示 动 用非延续性动词 主句动作时间的起点应为
①“ ( )+ ” “ ꎬ
作延续到 为止 从句动作发生时 从句若用延续性动词 则
”ꎮ ꎻ ꎬ
主句动作时间的起点应为从句动作结束时
ꎮ
You may stay here until/till the rain stops.
你可以待在这里直到雨停ꎮ I have made great progress since I came here.
非延续性动词 否定式 until/till 表示 我从来这儿以后取得了很大的进步ꎮ
②“ ( )+ ”
直到 才发生 It is more than ten months since I worked in the
“ ”ꎮ
city.我不在这个城市工作有 个多月了ꎮ
10
5 He wont go to bed until she returns. before 的用法
年 4)
高
直到她回来他才会上床睡觉ꎮ 一般情况下 before 表示 在 之前 但
考
① ꎬ “ ”ꎬ
3
年 until 用于强调句型 It is not until...that... 在翻译时可灵活处理
模 ③ : ꎮ
拟
A
版 It was not until you told me that I had any Before I could get a word inꎬ he had
高 idea of it. measured me.
考
英
语 直到你告诉我ꎬ我才知道这件事ꎮ 我还没来得及插话ꎬ他就给我量好了尺寸ꎮ
106
We had sailed four days and four nights No sooner had we arrived at the station than
before we saw land. the train left.
我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地ꎮ 我们刚到火车站ꎬ火车就开走了ꎮ
Please write it down before you forget it. The boy burst into tears immediately he saw
趁你还没有忘记请把它写下来吧ꎮ his mother.
It will be 一段时间 before...多久之后 那个男孩一见到他妈妈便大哭起来ꎮ
② + +
才 2.地点状语从句
It was 一段时间 before...过了多久才 在主从复合句中作地点状语的从句称为地点
+ +
状语从句 地点状语从句的引导词有where
ꎮ ꎬ
It will be half a year before I come back. anywhere everywhere wherever 等 地点状
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
我半年之后才会回来ꎮ 语从句表示地点 方位 通常可置于句首 句
、 ꎬ 、
It was three days before he came back. 中或句尾
ꎮ
三天后他才回来ꎮ
each/every time next time the last time You should put the balls where you can find
5) ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
any time the first time 等可直接引导时间 them again.
ꎬ
状语从句 你应该把球放在下次还能找到的地方ꎮ
ꎮ
3.原因状语从句
Next time you comeꎬ do remember to bring 在主从复合句中作原因状语的从句称为原因
your son here. 状语从句 原因状语从句可置于句首 也可
ꎮ ꎬ
下次你来这里的时候ꎬ一定记着把你儿子 置于句中 句尾 常用的引导词有 because
、 ꎮ ꎬ
带来ꎮ as since now that in that considering that 等
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
Each/Every time I was in troubleꎬ he would 区分 because as since/now that
1) ꎬ ꎬ
come to help me.
从句 能否回 能否被
引导词 内涵 语气
每当我处于困境ꎬ他就会来帮助我ꎮ 位置 答why 强调
表示 一 就 的引导词有 as soon because 主句 直接因
6) “ ” 强 能 能
(因为) 前或后 果关系
as the moment the instant immediately
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
主句前
directly 等 表示 刚 就 的引导词 as(由于)
ꎻ “ ” 或后 双方都知
弱 不能 不能
有 no sooner... than... hardly/scarcely...
道的原因
ꎬ since/now
主句前
when...等 that(既然)
ꎮ 专
题
九
As soon as he arrivesꎬ well start to work. Im leaving because I am fed up with the boss. 并
列
他一到ꎬ我们就开始工作ꎮ 我要离开是因为我厌烦老板ꎮ 复
合
句
The moment I heard the voiceꎬ I knew my —Why were you absent from the meeting? 和
主
father was coming. —Because I was ill. 从
复
合
我一听到那个声音ꎬ就知道我父亲要来了ꎮ ———这次会议你为什么缺席? 句
107
———因为我生病了ꎮ
Now that/Since everyone is hereꎬ we can Mary didnt want to get out of bed for fear
begin our discussion. that she might wake her baby (up).
既然大家都在这儿ꎬ我们可以开始讨论了ꎮ 玛丽不想起床ꎬ担心可能吵醒她的宝宝ꎮ
As it was a public holidayꎬ all the shops were in case 以防
3)
shut.由于这是一个公共假日ꎬ所有的商店都
关门了ꎮ Take your raincoat in case it should rain/it
in that 表示 因为 常用于正式文体 rains.带上你的雨衣以防下雨ꎮ
2) “ ”ꎬ ꎮ
in case的其他用法
This experiment is worth trusting in that it is in case也可以单独使用ꎬ放在句末ꎬ意思是“以防万一”ꎮ
based on scientific facts. It may not rainꎬ but youd better take an umbrella in case.
天可能不会下雨ꎬ但你最好带把雨伞以防万一ꎮ
这个实验值得信赖ꎬ因为它是建立在科学事
实基础之上的ꎮ
5.结果状语从句
for作并列连词表示原因的用法
在主从复合句中作结果状语的从句称为结果
for表示原因ꎬ是一个并列连词ꎬ连接并列分句ꎮ 它所表
状语从句 皆置于主句之后 常用来引导结
ꎬ ꎮ
示的原因一般起附加说明的作用ꎬ对前面的句子进行
果状语从句的有 so that so...that... such...
ꎬ ꎬ
补充ꎮ
that...等
ꎮ
It must have rained last nightꎬ for the ground is wet.
so...that...和 such...that...引导结果状语从句
昨天晚上肯定下雨了ꎬ因为地面是湿的ꎮ 1)
的用法
4.目的状语从句 so...that...和 such...that...引导结果状语从句
在主从复合句中作目的状语的从句叫目的状 时 表示 如此 以至于 其常见结
ꎬ “ ”ꎮ
语从句 一般置于句尾 常用 so that in order 构如下
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ :
that for fear that in case 等引导 ì ï形容词/副词 ü ï
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
ï ï
in order that 和 so that ïïmany/few 复数名词 ïï that
1) so í + ý+
in order that 以便/为了 可以置于主 +ïmuch/little 不可数名词 ï从句
① ( ï + ï
ï ï
句前或主句后 î形容词 a/an 单数可数名词þ
) + +
so that 以便/为了 通常置于主句后 ì ïa/an 形容词 单数可数名词ü ï
② ( ) ï + + ï that
such í形容词 复数名词 ý+
+ï + ï从句
5 Im studying hard so that/in order that I can î ï 形容词 不可数名词 þ ï
年 +
高
考 go to a famous university.
3
年 为了能上一所名牌大学ꎬ我正在努力学习ꎮ Theres so little time left that we have to speed
模
拟
In order that we could save timeꎬ we used the up.时间所剩无几ꎬ我们只好加快速度ꎮ
A
版 computer. Kathy is such a lovely girl that we all like to
高 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间ꎮ play with her.凯茜是个如此可爱的女孩ꎬ以
考
英
语 for fear that 唯恐/生怕 至于我们都喜欢和她玩ꎮ
2)
108
We had such terrible weather that we couldnt 7.让步状语从句
finish the work on time. 让步状语从句表示主句中某一动作或状态与
天气这么糟ꎬ以至于我们不能按时完成工作ꎮ 从句中的某动作或状态在意义上有部分矛
so that 的用法 盾 主句中的情境与从句中所说情况产生的
2) ꎬ
so that 既可引导目的状语从句 也可引导结 预期情境相反 但不影响事情的进行或实现
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
果状语从句 在引导目的状语从句时 从句 让步状语从句可置于句首 也可置于句尾 通
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
中往往含有一些情态动词 而引导结果状语 常由though although even though even if
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
从句时类似的情态动词则很少出现 引导 as while 疑问词 ̄ever no matter 疑问词
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ “ + ”
等引导
这两种状语从句时其中的 that 有时可省略
ꎮ
ꎮ
though/although 的用法
1)
这两个词几乎完全相同 但 though 不如
We arrived early in the morningꎬ so (that)
ꎬ
although 那么正式 两者通常可互换使用
we caught the first train. ꎬ ꎮ
though/although 引导让步状语从句时 可与
我们早上到得很早ꎬ所以赶上了第一班火车ꎮ ꎬ
yet 或 still 连用 更加强调对比性 但不可与
6.条件状语从句
ꎬ ꎬ
but 连用 though 引导的从句可用倒装
在主从复合句中表示前提或条件的从句称为 ꎮ
结构
条件状语从句 可置于句首 也可置于句尾 ꎮ
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
有时还可置于主语和谓语之间 其常用引导
ꎬ
Although/Though it was raining hardꎬ (yet)
词有 if 如果 unless if...not 如果不 除
( )ꎬ (= )( ꎻ
they went on playing football.
非 so/as long as 只要 in case 万一 on
)ꎬ ( )ꎬ ( )ꎬ
虽然雨下得很大ꎬ但他们继续踢足球ꎮ
condition that 条件是 supposing that 假
( )ꎬ ( ) (
Young though she isꎬ she has travelled to many
设 provided/providing that 如果 假如 等
)ꎬ ( ) ( ꎻ ) ꎮ
countries.她尽管年轻ꎬ但已到过很多国家ꎮ
even though/even if 的用法
Youll fail the exam unless you study hard( if 2)
= even though/even if 意为 即使 尽管 引导
“ ꎬ ”ꎬ
you dont study hard).
的从句可用陈述语气 也可用虚拟语气
ꎬ ꎮ
除非你努力学习ꎬ否则你会考试不及格ꎮ
As long as you dont lose heartꎬ you will
Tim is in good shape even though/even if he
succeed.你只要不灰心ꎬ就会成功ꎮ
doesnt get much exercise.尽管蒂姆不怎么锻
I can tell you the truth on condition that you
炼ꎬ但他身体不错ꎮ (陈述语气)
promise to keep it secret.
Even if I were busyꎬ I would go. 专
题
我可以告诉你真相ꎬ条件是你答应保守秘密ꎮ
即使我很忙ꎬ我也去ꎮ (虚拟语气) 九
He wont be against us at the meeting 并
as 的用法
列
3)
复
provided/providing ( that) we ask for his as 引导让步状语从句时 从句一般位于主句 合
ꎬ 句
advice in advance. 之前 采用倒装形式 可倒装名词 形容词 和
ꎬ ꎬ 、 、 主
如果我们提前征求一下他的意见ꎬ他就不会 副词或动词 名词若带冠词 倒装时冠词需 从
复
ꎮ ꎬ
合
在会上反对我们ꎮ 要省去 句
ꎮ
109
状语从句ꎮ
Please give the money to whoever needs it most.
Try as/though you mayꎬ you will never
请把钱给最需要的人ꎮ
succeed in a short time.
Whatever you said is right.你说的话都是对的ꎮ
( Though/Although you may tryꎬ ...)
=
你虽然很努力ꎬ但绝对不会在短时间内 whether or not/whether...or not 引导的让
6) ( )
成功ꎮ 步状语从句
Much as/though I like itꎬ I wont buyꎬ for
its too expensive. Whether or not you help meꎬ Ill do it.
( Though/Although I like it muchꎬ ...) 不管你是否帮助我ꎬ我都要做这件事ꎮ
=
虽然我很喜欢它ꎬ但我不会买ꎬ因为它太 Whether you like it or notꎬ I want to be
贵了ꎮ myself this time.
Top player as/though he isꎬ he still needs to 不论你喜欢与否ꎬ这次我要做我自己ꎮ
improve. 8.比较状语从句
( Though/Although he is a top playerꎬ ...) 在主从复合句中作比较状语的从句称为比
=
尽管他是顶尖球员ꎬ但他仍需提高ꎮ 较状语从句 一般位于句尾 比较状语从
ꎬ ꎮ
while 的用法 句常用 as than 等引导 从句中有时使用
4) ꎬ ꎬ
while 可作从属连词 引导让步状语从句 相 省略 只保留被比较的对象 as 表示同级
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
当于 although 多用于句首 比较 与形容词或副词原形连用 than 表示
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ ꎻ
不同级比较 与形容词或副词的比较级形
ꎬ
While I admit that there are problemsꎬ I dont 式连用
ꎮ
agree that they cannot be solved. 用原级表示比较
1)
尽管我承认有问题存在ꎬ但我不同意说这些 原级比较的肯定式常用 as...as...结构
① ꎮ
问题不能解决ꎮ
wh ̄ever 类引导词的用法 There are as many people in our town as
5)
在英语中 wh ̄ever 类的词可引导让步状语 (there are) in your town.
ꎬ
从句 相当于 no matter 相应的 wh ̄词 我们镇的人口和你们镇的人口一样多ꎮ
ꎬ “ + ”ꎮ
原级比较的否定式常用not as/so...as...结构
② ꎮ
Whenever ( No matter when) Im unhappyꎬ
=
it is my friend who cheers me up.不管什么时 His handwriting is not as/so good as yours
5
年 候我不高兴ꎬ都是我的朋友使我振作起来ꎮ
(is).他的书法不如你的好ꎮ
高
考 Whoever ( No matter who) you areꎬ you 用比较级表示比较
3 = 2)
年 用比较级比较的常用结构为...than...
must keep the law.
模 ① ꎮ
拟
不管你是谁ꎬ你必须遵守法律ꎮ
A
版 He was more successful than we had
温馨提示
高
考
wh ̄ever类的词既可以引导让步状语从句ꎬ也可以引导 expected.
英
语 名词性从句ꎻ“no matter 相应的 wh ̄词”只能引导让步 他比我们预想的要成功得多ꎮ
+
110
He comes to the club less often than he 1.that 引导的主语从句
used to. that 置于句首引导主语从句时 that 在从句
1) ꎬ
他来俱乐部不如原来那么频繁ꎮ 中不作任何成分 也没有含义 只起连接作
ꎬ ꎬ
另一种常用结构为 the 比较级... the 比 用 不能省略
② “ + ꎬ + ꎬ ꎮ
较级...
”ꎮ
That the college will take in more new
The more careful you areꎬ the fewer mistakes students is true.
you will make.你越小心ꎬ犯的错就越少ꎮ 这所大学将要招收更多的新生是真的ꎮ
The sooner you are backꎬ the better it will be. that 从句作主语时 常用it 作形式主语 而把
2) ꎬ ꎬ
你回来得越早越好ꎮ that 引导的主语从句后置 常见的句式有如
ꎮ
9.方式状语从句
下几种
:
在主从复合句中作方式状语的从句称为方式 It 系动词 形容词 that 从句 常用于这种
① + + + ꎮ
状语从句 方式状语从句一般位于句尾 有 结构的形容词有
ꎮ ꎬ :
时位于句首 常用的引导词为 as as if as
necessary必要的 certain明确的
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
though 等 right正确的 clear清晰的
ꎮ
as 照 方式 的用法
(un)likely(不太)可能的 possible可能的
1) “ ”
strange奇怪的 obvious明显的
natural自然的 important重要的
The house was greatly damaged by the truck.
Wed better leave it as it is until the police
It is quite clear that the whole project is
arrive.卡车严重破坏了这所房子ꎮ 我们最好
doomed to failure.
让它保持原样直到警察到来ꎮ
很明显ꎬ整个计划注定要失败ꎮ
as if/as though 的用法
2)
It is likely that he cant come to the meeting.
as if 或 as though 引导的从句一般用虚拟语
很可能他不能来参加会议了ꎮ
气 但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实
ꎬ
It 系动词 名词 词组 that 从句 常用于
现 也可用陈述语气 ② + + ( )+ ꎮ
ꎬ ꎮ
这种结构的名词 词组 有
( ) :
pity遗憾 honour荣幸
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her
shame让人遗憾的事 wonder奇事
own grandson.这位老太太对待这个男孩就
good news好消息 no wonder难怪
好像他是她自己的孙子似的ꎮ
fact事实
Look! Its cloudy outside as if it is going to
专
题
rain.看! 外 面 阴 云 密 布ꎬ 看 起 来 要 下
It is a pity that you didnt attend the lecture 九
雨了ꎮ 并
yesterday.
列
复
三、主语从句 真遗憾ꎬ你昨天没参加讲座ꎮ 合
句
主语从句即在主从复合句中充当主语成 Its no wonder that youve achieved so much 和
主
从
分的从句 引导主语从句的词主要有 that success.
复
ꎬ ꎬ
合
whether 和 wh ̄类连接词 难怪你取得了这么大的成功ꎮ 句
ꎮ
111
It be 过去分词 that 从句 常见结构 plan.不知道他是否已经同意了我的计划ꎮ
③ + + + ꎮ
如下 3.wh ̄类连接词引导的主语从句
:
It is said that...据说 wh ̄类连接词包括连接代词 who whom
1) ( ꎬ ꎬ
It is reported that...据报道
whose what which whoever whomever
It is suggested that...有人建议 ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
whatever 等 和连接副词 when where
It is thought/considered that...人们认为 ) ( ꎬ ꎬ
It is hoped that...人们希望 how why whenever wherever however 等
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ )ꎮ
It is announced that...据宣布 有时也可以用 it 作形式主语
ꎮ
It is said that the professor has already
What makes the book so extraordinary is the
succeeded in carrying out this experiment.
creative imagination of the writer.让这本书如
据说ꎬ这位教授已经成功地进行了这项实验ꎮ
此非凡的是作者的创造性想象力ꎮ
It is reported that no passengers were injured
It makes no difference where we shall have
in the accident.
the meeting.我们在哪里开会都无所谓ꎮ
据报道ꎬ在事故中没有乘客受伤ꎮ
It has not been decided yet who will preside
It 动词 状语 that 从句 常用于这种结
④ + (+ )+ ꎮ over the meeting.谁将主持会议还没有决定ꎮ
构的动词 短语 有
( ) :
what 引导主语从句时 谓语动词的单复数形
seem显得 happen碰巧 matter重要 2) ꎬ
式要遵循意义一致原则
occur to sb.被想到 ꎮ
What the kid wanted was only a new schoolbag.
It happened that I was away when he called.
那个孩子想要的只是一个新书包ꎮ
他打电话时ꎬ我碰巧不在家ꎮ
What the kid wanted were some new books.
It occurred to me that we should get in touch
那个孩子想要的是一些新书ꎮ
with the manager.
我突然想起来我们应该与经理取得联系ꎮ 四、表语从句
2.whether 引导的主语从句 表语从句就是在一个主从复合句中用作
whether 引导的主语从句既可以放在句首 也 表语的从句
ꎬ ꎮ
可以放在句末 放在句末时 前面需用 it 作 1.表语从句的连接词
ꎮ ꎬ
形式主语 whether 在从句中不作任何成分 that 和 whether 在从句中不作成分
ꎮ ꎬ 1) : ꎮ
只起连接作用 不能省略 表示 是否
ꎬ ꎬ “ ”ꎮ
5
The reason for your mistake is that you lack
年
高
考 Whether the work can be completed on time is confidence.你犯错误的原因是你缺乏自信ꎮ
3
年 doubtful. The question is whether we can reduce costs
模
拟
It is doubtful whether the work can be of the product.
=
A
版 completed on time. 问题是我们能否降低这种产品的成本ꎮ
高 这项工作未必能按时完成ꎮ 连接代词 who whom whose what which
考 2) : ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
英
语 It is unknown whether he has agreed to my whoever whomever whatever whichever 等
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
112
续表
连接词 thatꎬwhetherꎬif
This place isnt what it used to be.
whenꎬ whereꎬ whyꎬ howꎬ wheneverꎬ
这个地方不是过去的样子了ꎮ
连接副词
whereverꎬhowever等
The doubt is who has got away with the
document.
Nobody knows whether he likes to go to
令人疑惑的是谁偷走了文件ꎮ
school or not.没人知道他是否喜欢上学ꎮ
连 接 副 词 when where why how
3 ) : ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
This book will show you what the best CEOs
whenever wherever however 等
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
should know.
这本书会教你最好的首席执行官应该了解
Why not try your luck downtown? Thats
什么ꎮ
where the best jobs are.
I dont believe whatever he says.
为什么不去市中心碰碰运气呢? 那里是
他说什么我都不信ꎮ
有最好的工作的地方ꎮ
2.宾语从句的类型
because as if as though
4) ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ 动词后的宾语从句
1)
大多数及物动词后都可以接宾语从句 不
① ꎮ
Seen from spaceꎬthe earth is blue. This is
及物动词不能直接接宾语 有些不及物动词
ꎬ
because about seventy ̄one percent of its
可以接介词后再接宾语
ꎮ
surface is covered with water.
从太空看ꎬ地球是蓝色的ꎮ 这是因为地球大
As a new graduateꎬ he doesnt know what it
约 %的表面都被水覆盖着ꎮ
71 takes to start a business here.
2.表语从句前的系动词
作为一名应届毕业生ꎬ他不知道在这里创业
除 be 以外 可用于表语从句前的系动词有
ꎬ 需要什么ꎮ
look sound taste feel remain 等
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ I doubt whether/if he will come to the
wedding.我不确定他是否会来参加婚礼ꎮ
It sounds as if you are from the south of the
I dont doubt that he will come to the
United States.听起来你好像来自美国南部ꎮ
wedding.我不怀疑他会来参加婚礼ꎮ
It looks as if it is going to be fine.
有些动词短语也可以接宾语从句 常见的有
② ꎬ
看来天要晴了ꎮ
find out 查明 point out 指出 figure out 弄
ꎬ ꎬ
五、宾语从句 懂 make sure/certain 确保/弄清楚 keep/
ꎬ ꎬ 专
题
在主从复合句中充当宾语 位于及物动词 bear in mind 牢记
九
ꎬ 、 ꎮ
介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句 并
ꎮ 列
1.宾语从句的引导词
Can you figure out what the poet really means
复
合
句
连接词 thatꎬwhetherꎬif in this poem? 和
主
whoꎬwhomꎬwhoseꎬwhatꎬwhichꎬwhoeverꎬ 你能弄懂诗人在这首诗中的真正用意吗? 从
复
连接代词
whomeverꎬwhateverꎬwhichever等 合
We should keep in mind that sports can help 句
113
us develop both our bodies and characters.
我们应当牢记:运动不但可以帮助我们增强 Then the teacher began to talk to us about the
我们的体质ꎬ而且还能发展我们的个性ꎮ French languageꎬ saying (that) it was the
介词后的宾语从句 most beautiful tongue in the worldꎬ and that
2)
一般情况下 介词后常用 wh ̄类连接词引导 we must keep it among us and never forget it.
ꎬ
宾语从句 接着老师开始告诉我们关于法语的一些事
ꎮ
情ꎬ说法语是世界上最美的语言ꎬ我们必须
Martha is always thinking of how she can do 保留这种语言ꎬ永远不能忘记它ꎮ
more for others. 宾语从句的否定转移
3)
玛莎总是想如何才能为别人做得更多ꎮ 当主句的主语为第一人称 谓语动词是
ꎬ
形容词后的宾语从句 think believe suppose imagine guess
3) ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
表示 情感态度 的形容词 如 sure certain expect 等 且宾语从句表示否定含义时 常
“ ” ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
glad pleased happy afraid surprised 把否定转移至主句
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
satisfied sorry 等后可接宾语从句
ꎬ ꎮ
I dont think that he is a good child.
Im very pleased that all of your family will 我认为他不是一个好孩子ꎮ
come.我很高兴你们全家都会来ꎮ 宾语从句的时态
4)
Im sure that theyll make it in spite of the 宾语从句的谓语动词时态通常要和主句的
terrible weather. 谓语动词时态保持一致
ꎮ
我确信尽管天气很不好ꎬ但他们会准时到 主句谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将
①
达的ꎮ 来时 从句谓语动词可用除过去完成时 过
ꎬ 、
3.宾语从句中应注意的问题 去完成进行时以外任何所需要的时态
ꎮ
宾语从句的语序
1)
一般来说 从句要用陈述句语序 表疑问的 I know that peoples handwriting changes as
ꎬ ꎬ
宾语从句也需要用陈述句语序 they get older.
ꎮ
我知道人们的笔迹随着年龄的增长而变化ꎮ
They couldnt understand why I refused. Do you know when the meeting began?
他们不能理解我为什么拒绝了ꎮ 你知道会议是什么时候开始的吗?
5 We are worried about what we should do 主句谓语动词如果是一般过去时 从句谓语
年 ② ꎬ
高
考
next.我们正在为接下来该怎么办而烦恼ꎮ 动词一般要用过去的某种时态
ꎮ
3
年 宾语从句引导词 that 的省略
模 2)
拟
由 that 引导的宾语从句在一般情况下可以 I only knew he was studying in a western
A
版 省略 that 但如果一个动词带有两个或两个 countryꎬ but I didnt know which country he
ꎬ
高 以上并列的宾语从句 第一个 that 可省略 was in.我只知道他在一个西方的国家学习ꎬ
考 ꎬ ꎬ
英
语 后面从句的 that 不省略 但不知道是在哪个国家ꎮ
ꎮ
114
温馨提示 其他引导词具有实义 同时在同位语从句中
ꎬ
如果主句中谓语动词的时态是一般过去时ꎬ但宾语从句 作一定成分 同位语从句的引导词一般都不
ꎮ
表达的是科学真理或自然规律ꎬ那么从句中的谓语动词
省略
ꎮ
时态不受主句时态的限制ꎬ用一般现在时ꎮ
The teacher told us that the earth travels around the sun.
The report that he was going to resign was
老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳旋转ꎮ
false.他将辞职的报道是假的ꎮ
六、同位语从句 Theres some doubt whether John will come on
同位语从句是在主从复合句中充当同位 time.对约翰是否会按时来有点吃不准ꎮ
语的从句 用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释 3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
ꎬ
说明 引出同位语从句的名词多为抽象名词
区分点 定语从句 同位语从句
ꎮ ꎬ
且能包含具体内容或信息 从句的 是对先行词的修 是对前面抽象名词进
ꎮ
1.常见的可跟同位语从句的名词 作用不同 饰或限定 一步的说明和解释
先行词可以是名 被解释和说明的词通常
belief信念 doubt怀疑 作用对象
词、代词、主句的 为抽象名词ꎬ如 ideaꎬ
explanation解释 hope希望 类别上
一 部 分 或 整 个 factꎬnewsꎬhopeꎬwordꎬ
idea主意 news消息 的区别
主句 thought等
opinion观点 possibility可能性
thought想法 wish愿望
引导从句 that是关系代词ꎬ既
that 不在从句中充当
truth事实 fact事实
的that的 指代先行词又在从
任何成分
功能不同 句中充当成分
question问题 promise诺言
problem问题 reply答复 不 能 用 howꎬ
howꎬwhetherꎬwhat 可
report报道 suggestion建议 whetherꎬwhat 引导
以引导同位语从句
advice建议 warning警告 定语从句
引导词
word消息 evidence证据 whenꎬwhereꎬwhy引 whenꎬwhereꎬwhy 引
的不同
导定语从句时ꎬ前 导的同位语从句前的
面的先行词表示时 名词不表示时间、地
Weve heard the news that a new steel bridge
间、地点、原因 点、原因
will be built over the Yangtze River in our
hometown.我们已听说在我们的家乡要在长
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I
江上修建一座新的钢铁大桥的消息ꎮ
would make him very rich.
Jim kept his promise that he would always do 我许诺:如果有人让我自由ꎬ我就让他非常
everything he could for Mary to make sure of 富有ꎮ
her happiness.吉姆许诺愿意尽力为玛丽做一 The mother made a promise that pleased all
专
切事情来保证她的幸福ꎬ他遵守了这一诺言ꎮ her children.这位妈妈许下了一个令她所有
题
九
2.同位语从句的引导词 的孩子高兴的诺言ꎮ
并
常用的引导词有 that whether what why I have no idea when he won the prize in the 列
复
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
合
National Math Competition.
who where how when 还可使用 whom 句
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ 和
whose which 等 if 一般不引导同位语从句 我不知道他是什么时候在全国数学竞赛中获 主
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ 从
奖的ꎮ 复
that whether 不作成分 whether 表示 是否 合
ꎬ ꎬ “ ”ꎬ 句
115
单句填空·并列复合句和主从复合句专练
5 年高考
1.The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity 原真性 and
“ ( )
integrity of natural ecosystems preserving biological diversity protecting ecological buffer zones
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
leaving behind precious natural assets 资产 for future generations .
( ) ”
( 新高考 )
2022 Ⅰ
2.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within
the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
( 新高考 )
2022 Ⅰ
3.On the  ̄kilometer journey the man Cao Shengkang lost his eyesight at the
1ꎬ100 ꎬ ꎬ
age of eight in a car accident crossed cities and counties in three provinces. ( 全国甲)
ꎬ 40 2022
4.The First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative issued 发布 at the ceremony
“ ” ( )
calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation
cultural exchanges. ( 全国乙)
2022
5.Kim Cobb a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta is one of a small but
ꎬ ꎬ
growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travel because of
climate change. ( 浙江 月)
2022 1
6.Cobb for her part started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak
ꎬ ꎬ
she could do so remotely... ( 浙江 月)
2022 1
7.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain still it highlights the whole
ꎬ
adventure offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
( 新高考 )
2021 Ⅰ
8. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out ̄of ̄this ̄world scenes.
( 新高考 )
2021 Ⅰ
9.They kept their collection at home until it got too big until they died and then it
ꎬ
was given to a museum. ( 新高考 )
2020 Ⅰ
10.The objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane for example formed the core collection of the
80ꎬ000 ꎬ ꎬ
British Museum opened in . ( 新高考 )
1759 2020 Ⅰ
11.Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material explains the basic concepts of major
5 ꎬ
年 applications of digital systems discusses the influences they have on everyday life.
高 ꎬ
考
( 新高考 )
3 2020 Ⅱ
年
12.The Digital World is a set of volumes aim to describe how digital systems
模
拟
influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many
A
版 interacting parts. ( 新高考 )
2020 Ⅱ
高
13.Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe China first had to put a
考
ꎬ
英
语 satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft
116and to Earth. ( 全国 )
2020 Ⅰ
14.In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike. ( 全国 )
2020 Ⅲ
15. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary
传奇的 artist they smiled and pointed down the river. ( 全国 )
( ) ꎬ 2020 Ⅲ
16.Dr. Rowan secretary resigned two weeks ago has had to do all his own typing.
ꎬ ꎬ
( 天津夏)
2020
17.Over thousands of years they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered
ꎬ
from the wild and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. ( 浙江 月)
ꎬ 2020 7
18.The student completed this experiment to make come true Professor Joseph
had said. ( 天津夏)
2020
19.Oliver says if youre lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking ask them
ꎬ
you can join in when its possible. ( 北京)
2020
20.While they are rare north of ° there is evidence they range all the way across
88 ꎬ
the Arctic and as far south as James Bay in Canada. ( 全国 )
ꎬ 2019 Ⅰ
21.Now Irene Astbury works from am to pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield
9 5 ꎬ
she opened with her late husband Les. ( 全国 )
2019 Ⅱ
22.Irene said I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and
ꎬ “
all the friends I have made over the years. I work not because I have to because I
ꎬ
want to. ( 全国 )
” 2019 Ⅱ
23.On our way to the house it was raining hard that we couldnt help wondering how
ꎬ
long it would take to get there. ( 全国 )
2019 Ⅲ
24.They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these
animals. ( 全国 )
2019 Ⅲ
25.On the edge of the jacket there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.
ꎬ
( 浙江 月)
2019 6
26.The students benefitting most from college are those are totally engaged 参
(
与 in academic life taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources 资源 .
) ꎬ ( )
( 北京)
2019
27.We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
( 江苏)
专
2019
题
28.Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences. 九
( 天津夏) 并
2019 列
复
29.Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human
合
句
body. ( 江苏) 和
2019 主
30.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in showed a 从
2014 复
合
mere five to minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from 句
10
117all causes. ( 全国 )
2018 Ⅰ
31.Im not sure is more frightened me or the female gorilla 大猩猩 that suddenly
ꎬ ( )
appears out of nowhere. ( 全国 )
2018 Ⅲ
32. we dont stop climate change many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
ꎬ
( 北京)
2018
33. you can sleep well you will lose the ability to focus plan and stay motivated
ꎬ ꎬ
after one or two nights. ( 江苏)
2018
34.This is my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
—
( 北京)
2018
35.By boat is the only way to get here which is we arrived. ( 江苏)
ꎬ 2018
36.Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once
they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. ( 浙江 月)
2018 6
37.Self ̄driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting
line. ( 江苏)
2018
38.Kate sister I shared a room with when we were at college has gone to work in
ꎬ ꎬ
Australia. ( 天津夏)
2018
39.She and her family bicycle to work helps them keep fit. ( 北京)
ꎬ 2018
答案
1.and 2.that 3.who 4.and 5.that/who 6.whether/if 7.and 8.What 9.or 10.which/
that 11.and 12.which/that 13.where 14.whose 15.When/As 16.whose 17.what
18.what 19.if/whether 20.that 21.which 22.but 23.so 24.who/that 25.that/which
26.who/that 27.when 28.where 29.that 30.that/which 31.who 32.If 33.Unless
34.what 35.how 36.who/that 37.where 38.whose 39.which
3 年模拟
1.He later set up Chinas first draft bank Rishengchang later had branches across
ꎬ ꎬ 35
the country. ( 山东枣庄二模)
2022
2.He has a love of reading comes from his mother. ( 浙江嘉兴二模)
2022
3.To start players enter a real word letters then turn different colors to provide clues
5 ꎬ ꎬ
年 about the word. ( 浙江杭州二模)
高 2022
考 4.General design principles include unbalance and harmony often involves the use
3 ꎬ ꎬ
年
模 of light space and the accent. ( 江苏盐城三模)
ꎬ ꎬ 2022
拟
5.The Outline History of Beijing Scenery in the Ming Dynasty includes descriptions of
A
版 diabolos 空竹 were made and how people played with them. ( 湖南演练三)
( ) ꎬ 2022
高
6.The day of the spring equinox 春分 is the sun is directly above the equator.
考
( )
英
语 ( 江苏泰州二调)
2022
1187.According to medical experts there is a golden period the first four minutes of a heart attack
ꎬ “ ”ꎬ ꎬ
CPR is most effective in saving the persons life. ( 宁夏石嘴山适应性测试)
2022
8. many people doubted it initially the trash sorting program has achieved great
ꎬ
success. ( 河北衡水中学六调)
2022
9.Last week Hiroyuki Komatsu a Google engineer submitted a proposal to add new icons to the
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
standard emoji library could help those with food allergies understand what they are
eating. ( 湖南长沙一中月考七)
2022
10.There is an emoji for the octopus nothing for the squid.
ꎬ
( 湖南长沙一中月考七)
2022
11.It is reported many of the clothes end up in the trash and are not recycled.
( 山西晋城二模)
2022
12.Officials in cities have used building equipment to block the animals from entering
have dropped food to keep them away. ( 甘肃二诊)
2022
13. they found is that as the repeats accumulated the participants rated the sounds as
ꎬ
being more tuneful. ( 山东临沂一模)
2022
14.Since the birds are able to do we are much more able to do than them we should
ꎬ
do this by ourselves ( 广东深圳一调)
? 2022
15.Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see would move first.
( 广东梅州一模)
2022
16.There were also competitions for figure skating ice acrobatics 杂技 and speed skating
ꎬ ( )ꎬ
were held for the benefit of the royal family. ( 浙江台州二模)
2022
17.In Tesla Motors went further attracting the attention of the world with its lithium ̄ion ̄
2008ꎬ ꎬ
powered 锂电的 sports cars could travel more than kms on a single
( ) ꎬ 320
charge. ( 浙江绍兴 月模拟)
2022 4
18.We raised our children in is both a warm welcoming home and a nice entertaining
ꎬ
space for family friends and good causes. ( 浙江金华十校 月模拟)
ꎬ 2022 4
19. the traffic on the highway is heavy during your rush hour commute 通勤 an
( )ꎬ
electric car may be just the solution you need to get you moving to work school home or
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
wherever you are traveling. ( 江苏考前冲刺一)
2021 专
题
20.Another attraction for people is in many areas electric cars are qualified for 九
ꎬ
carpool lane access. ( 江苏考前冲刺一) 并
2021 列
复
答案 合
句
1.which 2.which/that 3.whose 4.which 5.how 6.when 7.when 8.Though/Although/ 和
主
从
While 9.which/that 10.but/yet 11.that 12.and 13.What 14.what 15.who 16.that/
复
合
which 17.which 18.what 19.If 20.that 句
119语篇填空·并列复合句和主从复合句专练
1
Passage ( 新高考 改编)
2021 Ⅰ
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song The Long and Winding
“
Road . What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out ̄of ̄this ̄world scenes. The rolling sea
”
of clouds you see . you are at the top will remind you . tiny we
1 2
humans are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try . the climb.
3
It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed The amazing thing about the spring is .
! 4
the colder the temperature gets the hotter the spring Strange isnt it But thats how nature is
ꎬ ! ꎬ ? —
always leaving us astonished.
. comes next is the endless series of steps. You cant help wondering
5
. hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place. . it
6 7
is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain still it highlights the whole adventure and
ꎬ
offers a place . you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
8
. the song goes this long and winding road will never disappear and it will
9 ꎬ “ ”ꎬ
always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in mine. . youre in China Mount
10 ꎬ
Huangshan is a must to visit
!
答案
语篇解读 作者主要描述了自己游览黄山的经历ꎮ
[ ]
1.once/when 2.how 3.after 4.that 5.What 6.how 7.Though/Although/While 8.where
9.As 10.While/When
2
Passage ( 浙江 月改编)
2019 6
There are several reasons . school uniforms are a good idea. First of all
1 ꎬ
uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel . they belong to a particular
2
group. . every pupil in the school wears the uniform nobody will have to worry
3 ꎬ
about fashion. Everybody wears the same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected
ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket there
ꎬ
is a piece of cloth . gives off light in the dark. . the children are
5 4 5
年 walking or cycling to school on dark mornings car drivers can easily see them.
高 ꎬ
考
Some experts think school uniforms create a sense of identity and unity in a school. By having
3
年
students dress the same way people promote the idea . they are all part of something
模
ꎬ 6
拟
bigger than themselves individually. . is often overlooked in the school uniform
A 7
版 debate is that uniforms often change a school into a place that students are part of.
高
But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer to this question is not clear. One
考
?
英
语 study in America found that students grades improved a little . the school introduced
8
120uniforms. . some students didnt want to wear the uniform. Other American studies
9
showed . there was no connection between uniforms and school performance.
10
答案
语篇解读 文章介绍了校服的好处及其使用情况ꎮ
[ ]
1.why 2.that 3.When/If 4.that/which 5.When/While/As/If 6.that 7.What 8.after
9.But 10.that
3
Passage ( 全国 改编)
2018 Ⅲ
Im not sure . is more frightened me or the female gorilla 大猩猩 that
1 ꎬ ( )
suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.
Unexpectedly Im face ̄to ̄face with the gorilla . begins screaming at the top of her
ꎬ ꎬ 2
lungs. That makes her baby scream . then a  ̄pound male appears. He screams
ꎬ 3 400
the loudest of all. The noise shakes the trees . the male beats his chest and charges
4
toward me. I quickly lower myself ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes
ꎬ ꎬ
. he doesnt feel challenged.
5
Im Mireya Mayor a scientist . studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I
ꎬ 6
was searching for these three western lowland gorillas . Id been observing. No one
7
had seen them for hours . that made my colleagues and I worried.
ꎬ 8
. the gorillas and I frightened each other I was just glad to find them alive.
9 ꎬ
True to gorillas unaggressive nature the huge animal meant me no real harm. He was just saying
ꎬ ꎬ
Im king of this forest and here is your reminder . his message was delivered
“ ꎬ !” 10 ꎬ
he allowed me to stay and watch.
答案
语篇解读 作者讲述了自己和大猩猩的一次近距离接触ꎮ
[ ]
1.who 2.who 3.and 4.as/when/while 5.so 6.who/that 7.who/whom/that 8.and
9.When 10.Once/After
4
Passage ( 广东改编)
2015
Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm .
ꎬ 1
looked almost abandoned. Luckily he also had a cow . produced milk every day. He
ꎬ 2
sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter
for the family with . was left. The cow was their only means of support in fact. One 专
3 ꎬ 题
day the cow was eating grass . it began to rain heavily. . making 九
ꎬ 4 5
并
great efforts to run away she fell over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living
列
ꎬ
复
without the cow. In order to support his family Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. 合
ꎬ 句
. the plants took a while to grow he started cutting down trees to sell the wood. 和
6 ꎬ 主
从
Thinking about his childrens clothes he started growing cotton too. . harvest came
复
ꎬ 7
合
around he was already selling herbs vegetables and cotton in the market . people 句
ꎬ ꎬ 8
121from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to him . his farm had much potential
9 ꎬ
. that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
10
答案
语篇解读 本文讲述了主人公 Mr. Johnson 的生活经历ꎮ 虽然他意外地失去了以往用以谋生
[ ]
的奶牛ꎬ却在之后的生活中收获了更多ꎮ
1.which 2.which/that 3.what 4.when 5.While/When 6.Since/Because/As 7.When
8.where 9.that 10.and
5
Passage ( 广东改编)
2014
Last year my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends .
ꎬ 1
had been there before said it was a wonderful holiday destination. . we went we had
2 ꎬ
planned for months. When the day came we were ready.
ꎬ
. our plane landed we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six
3 ꎬ
months earlier . the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We were
ꎬ 4
told . our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week but for the week after. I didnt
5 ꎬ
understand . this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the
6
reservation. Whats worse the hotel had been fully booked. . we were wondering
ꎬ 7
what to do the manager came out. She was surprisingly helpful. She apologized for the mistake and
ꎬ
gave us a spare VIP room on the top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room
ꎬ
. we werent charged extra.
8
The next day my brother and I went to the beach . we watched some people
ꎬ 9
play volleyball. We got a little sunburnt but the day had been so relaxing . we
ꎬ 10
didnt mind.
答案
语篇解读 本文讲述了作者的一次旅游经历ꎮ 虽然预订房间出现了差错ꎬ但问题得到了很好
[ ]
的解决ꎬ作者感到很满意ꎮ
1.who/that 2.Before 3.After 4.but/yet 5.that 6.why/how 7.While/When/As 8.and
9.where 10.that
6
Passage ( 山东济南一模改编)
2022
During the Lantern Festival long lines of customers are waiting outside Daoxiangcun stores in
5 ꎬ
年 the capital city Beijing . many kinds of cakes and snacks are sold. I will feel a little
高 ꎬ1 “
考
lost . I dont eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival. Getting up early in the
3 2
年
morning putting on warm clothes and waiting in a long line outside a Daoxiangcun store to buy
模
ꎬ
拟
newly ̄made yuanxiao is a sort of private ceremony for me . it ensures I will have
A ꎬ 3
版 another sweet year Dong Shanshan a  ̄year ̄old Beijinger said. For many people like Dong
ꎬ” ꎬ 35 ꎬ
高
eating Daoxiangcun yuanxiao is an essential Lantern Festival tradition.
考
英
语 The Beijing Daoxiangcun Food Company . owns the brand and stores recently
ꎬ 4 ꎬ
122staged an event to mark the official launch of yuanxiao being made at some of its factories. Shi Yan
ꎬ
the companys representative manager said All our yuanxiao are handmade . it is
ꎬ ꎬ “ 5
the only way to maintain the traditional flavor.
”
To meet local demand the company will demonstrate . yuanxiao are made at
ꎬ 6
some of its stores in Beijing. This will hopefully bring a festive atmosphere to the city and its
“
residents Shi said.
ꎬ”
Jin Jing a  ̄year ̄old retiree 退休者 . lives in Beijing with her daughter
ꎬ 60 ( ) 7 ꎬ
said people now tend to buy yuanxiao for the Lantern Festival . in the past they
ꎬ 8 ꎬ
made their own.
We put small chopped fillings in a flat basket with glutinous 黏的 rice and kept shaking
“ ꎬ ( )
the basket . the yuanxiao got big enough. The handmade ones taste different to those
9
made by machines she said.
ꎬ”
To promote Chinese food culture Daoxiangcun took part in the third China International Import
ꎬ
Expo in Shanghai last month . it showed how traditional food such as mooncakes is
ꎬ 10
made.
答案
语篇解读 元宵节期间ꎬ在北京稻香村买元宵吃已成为很多北京人的传统ꎮ
[ ]
1.where 2.if 3.and 4.which 5.because 6.how 7.who/that 8.while 9.until
10.where
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题
九
并
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复
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句
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