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专题 11 特殊句式（原卷版）
知识点梳理
Part 1：
1. 倒装的必备条件及具体应用；
2. 省略的基本原则及用法；
3. 强调句的基本结构、句式及其与相似主从复合句的区别。
知识点1 倒装
1：完全倒装
here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开
Out rushed the children.
头的句子表示强调
完全
Under the tree stood two
表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首
倒装 tables and four chairs.
Present at the meeting were
强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡
1,000 students.
2：部分倒装
never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,not until,not等 Hardly did I know what
表示否定意义的副词放于句首 had happened.
Only then did he realize
only和修饰的状语放于句首
the importance of English.
Not only does he know
not only...but also...连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒 French,but also he is expert at
it.
Neither do I know it,nor
neither...nor...连接并列的句子,前后都倒装
do I care about it.
部分
so...that,such...that中的so或such及被修饰的成 So busy is he that he
倒装
分放于句首时,主谓要倒装 cannot go on a holiday.
Child as he is,he has
as引导的让步状语
learned a lot.
so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的 He can play the piano.So
人或事 can I.
May you be in good
用于表示祝愿的祈使句中
health!
Were I you,I would not do
省略if的虚拟条件
it in this way.
知识点2 省略
1. 不定式的省略(1)在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to，常见的词
或结构有expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, glad, happy,
pleased, delighted, have, need, ought, used, be going, be about, be sure, be afraid, be certain, be likely, be
ready, be supposed等。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.
I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.
— Will you join in the game?
— I’d be glad to.
(2)感官动词(see, feel, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to等)和使役动词(let, make, have)后接不定
式作宾语补足语时省略to，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。
He made me laugh.
Please have him come here.
I was made to laugh by him.
(3)如果不定式是be动词或完成式，则须在to后加上be或have。
— Are you a college student?
— No, but I want to be.
(4)介词but意为“除了”，后接不定式，但如果but前面有行为动词do, does, did时，but后的不
定式去掉to。
I didn’t have any choice but to wait.
I could do nothing but wait patiently.
(5)不定式作表语，主语部分中出现了行为动词do, does, did时，作表语的不定式可省略to。
What we must do is (to) protect the environment.
(6)两个及以上不定式并列，后面的to可省略，第一个to不能省略。
My mother’s job is to look after the baby and clean the house.
2. 虚拟语气中if的省略
在虚拟条件从句中，如果把助动词were, had, should提到句首，if要省略。
Were I you, I would go with her.
3. 限制性定语从句中关系词的省略
(1)关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中作动词宾语或作句子末端介词的宾语时可省
略。
Is there anything (that) you want?
Who is the man (that) you were talking to?
(2)关系代词that在定语从句中作表语时可省略。Wuhan today is not the city (that) it was.
(3)关系副词when, where, why通常不能省略，但有特殊情况，即用于day, year, time, place,
somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, the reason等少数词后时可以省略(也可换成that)，常用于
口语。
That was the year (when/that) I first went abroad.
This is the place (where/that) they met yesterday.
That’s the reason (why/for which/that) he came.
4. 在对话中，常用so或not来代替上文的一部分或整个从句。这种用法常见的词有hope, think,
be afraid, call, say, speak, believe, guess, expect, suppose, imagine, fear, hear等。
— She must look like a pretty girl.
— Yes, I think so.
— Could I take this book out?
— Sorry, I’m afraid not.
知识点3 强调
Was it in high school that
you began playing basketball?
疑问句形式为 “Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其
他成分”或“特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who+其他成分” Where was it that you put
your mobile phone after coming
back?
It was not until he removed
not...until...结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调
his sunglasses that I recognized
时,not与until要放在一起
him.
知识点4 反意疑问句
1：陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分主句的谓语动词是
think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主 I expect our English teacher will be
语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾 back this weekend,won’t he/she?
语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;当陈述部分主句的
They don’t believe he will
主语为第二、三人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓 succeed,do they?
语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致
2：陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句
带有表示否定意义的前缀构成的词时,其
He dislikes playing the piano,doesn’t he?
反意疑问部分用否定形式知识点5 感叹句
What beautiful butterflies
What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!
they are!
How+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语! How tall a boy he is!
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How well she plays!
Part 2：高考真题精选
1.（2022.6全国甲卷 改错）
The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it.
2.（2022.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public
promotional activities on social media,
3.（2022年新高考2卷）
He saved my son's life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
4.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）
That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
5.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
6.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）—Are you done with the book I gave you?
— . I'm still reading the last chapter.
7.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）—How's the project going?
— . All we have to do is finish the last bit of work.A. Easy come easy go B. Far from it C. By all means D. So far so good
8.（2020·江苏卷） Building such a bridge over the bay was ______ but the local government made it
within two years.
A. a wet blanket B. a piece of cake C. a dark horse D. a hard nut to crack
9. （2020·江苏卷）—Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing?
—______ He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.
A. How come? B. So what? C. By all means. D. With pleasure.
10．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第一次)）—Tim has difficulty in making decisions.
—__________. He's still hesitating about whether to take the job.
A．That’s it B．Give it a try C．It's settled D．You're kidding me
11．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第二次)
—Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight?
—______. I’ll drive her there.
A．Have a try B．Don’t mention it C．Don’t bother D．Go ahead
12．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第二次)）
—Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance.
—______. I will.
A．My pleasure B．No wonder C．Good point D．Never mind
13.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】12.The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use
mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
14. 【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. They were two
reasons for the decision.
15.【2018·天津】14. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily inthe passenger seat.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
16.【2018·北京】8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will
get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
17.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed)
its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen
Voegele.
18.【2017·江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her
difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
19.【2017·天津卷】11. It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new
neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
