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专题 12 主谓一致（解析版）
知识点梳理
Part 1：
1. 语法一致原则；
2. 语义一致原则；
3. 就近原则。
知识点1 基本用法
A sheep eats grass.
The word means very good.
To work hard is necessary.
单数名词、非谓语动
单数
词、短语或从句作主语
What he said was wrong.
Air is very important to us.
Teaching English carries significance.
用 and 或 both...and 连 He and I were classmates at that time.
复数
接的并列主语 Both bread and butter are sold out.
The girl’s teacher and friend is young.
用and 连接的并列主语
语
如指的是同一个人、同一事 Bread and butter(=The bread with butter on it)is daily
法 物(and 后的名词没有冠词)或 单数 food in the west.
主语前分别有 each,every,no
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive
一 等修饰时
education.
致
不 定 代 词
Each of the girls has an apple.
either,neither,each,none,the
other,another,anyone,someone, 单数 Somebody is waiting for you at the gate.
something,everybody,everythin
Everything around us is matter.
g,nobody等作主语时
主语是单数时,尽管后面
跟有but,except,besides,as well She as well as her friends likes this film.
单数
as,with,like 等连接的其他名 My sister,like you and Tom,is very clever.
词
由 a lot of/lots of/plenty
单数 Three-fifths of the water is dirty.
of+名词/分数/百分数+名词作
复数 30 percent of them are against the plan.
主语时,视名词的数而定
表 示 复 数 意 义 的 名 People are talking about the news.
复数
词,people,police等作主语时
The police haven’t arrived.
意
有 些 集 体 名 词 His family has moved to Shanghai.
义
family,class,group,team 等 作
His family are all fond of music.
视具体情况
一 主语时,若看作一个整体,谓语
而定
Their class is very big.
用单数;若视为每一个成员,谓
致
语用复数 The class are waiting for a new teacher.
who ,what ,which ,all ,mo视情况而定 Who is a doctor?re ,most ,some,any ,half ,none , Who are league members?
the rest等作主语 Most of them are young men.
Most of the water is dirty.
表示时间、距离、重 Thirty years is not a long time.
量、数字、钱等的复数名词 单数
作整体看待时 Five dollars is quite enough.
以-ics结尾的学科名词如
politics,maths 及 news 属形复 Physics seems to be difficult to me.
单数
意单名词,及书报名、国名等 The United States is a developed country.
复数名词作主语
用
or,either...or,neither...nor,not 与靠近的 Either you or I am wrong.
就
only...but also 等连接的并列 主语一致 Not only we but also the teachers are wrong.
近 主语
一 由there或here引起的句 There is a pen and some books on the desk.
子,主语又不止一个,其谓语动与第一个
致 词通常和邻近的那个主语一主语一致 There are some books and a piece of paper on the
desk.
致
注：1.不定代词all,some,any等作主语时,有以下两种情况:(1)单独作主语时,视其上下文或文中的
意义而定。谓语动词可用单数或复数。(2)后接of或直接修饰名词时,其后若是不可数名词,动词用单
数,若是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数。如:
All the things are in the car now.
Now all the food is in the basket.
All goes well.
2.“ the number of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词常用单数,因其意思是“……的数量”;而“a
number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词应用复数,因a number of 的意思是“许多,大量(≈many)”。如:
At the beginning of this year,the number of students was over 1700 in the school.
A number of trees were planted yesterday.
Part 2：高考真题精选
1.（2022新高考I卷）
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously
unprotected,
答案：were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在 that引导
的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为 a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据
“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复
数形式。故填were。
2.（2022新高考I卷）
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________
(design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural
ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious
natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案：is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，
保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中
作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应
为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
3（2022年浙江卷1月）
But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more
chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in
dealing with the climate change crisis.
答案：are；changing
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多
远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一
空：根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，
此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。
4.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the
people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词
then可知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，是第三人称单数形
式。故填was。5.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored
（修复）.
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指
代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被
动语态。本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
6.（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）
One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble?
【答案】are改为is；
【解析】考查主谓一致。主语为one of the questions，表示问题中的一个，是单数意义，谓语动词应
为单数，故are改为is。
7.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown
University, says, ＂because it 67 ． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon
68 ． (construct) .＂
67.【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle
Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites
scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式
means，故填means。
68．【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语
construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在
时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
8．（2020·天津卷单项填空）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______
around that level since.
A．are remaining B．have remained
C．is remaining D．has remained
【答案】D【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持
在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为 the number of
medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓
语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。
9.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten
performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经
完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。
本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，
故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
10.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when
returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态、语和主谓一致态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热
烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就
前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
11.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are
declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar
bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
12.【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it
64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿
命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。
13.【2018·新课标卷 II·语法填空】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since
2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时，且主语为the country，所以
应该应该用单数形式。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
14.【2017· 江苏】24.The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and
highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，
所以定语
从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：《远大前
程》的出版
获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
考点：考查主谓一致
15.【2017·天津卷】6. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best
all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语
regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连
接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
考点：考查动词语态和主谓一致
