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专题 12 主谓一致（原卷版）
知识点梳理
Part 1：
1. 语法一致原则；
2. 语义一致原则；
3. 就近原则。
知识点1 基本用法
A sheep eats grass.
The word means very good.
To work hard is necessary.
单数名词、非谓语动
单数
词、短语或从句作主语
What he said was wrong.
Air is very important to us.
Teaching English carries significance.
用 and 或 both...and 连 He and I were classmates at that time.
复数
接的并列主语 Both bread and butter are sold out.
The girl’s teacher and friend is young.
用and 连接的并列主语
语
如指的是同一个人、同一事 Bread and butter(=The bread with butter on it)is daily
法 物(and 后的名词没有冠词)或 单数 food in the west.
主语前分别有 each,every,no
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive
一 等修饰时
education.
致
不 定 代 词
Each of the girls has an apple.
either,neither,each,none,the
other,another,anyone,someone, 单数 Somebody is waiting for you at the gate.
something,everybody,everythin
Everything around us is matter.
g,nobody等作主语时
主语是单数时,尽管后面
跟有but,except,besides,as well She as well as her friends likes this film.
单数
as,with,like 等连接的其他名 My sister,like you and Tom,is very clever.
词
由 a lot of/lots of/plenty
单数 Three-fifths of the water is dirty.
of+名词/分数/百分数+名词作
复数 30 percent of them are against the plan.
主语时,视名词的数而定
表 示 复 数 意 义 的 名 People are talking about the news.
复数
词,people,police等作主语时
The police haven’t arrived.
意
有 些 集 体 名 词 His family has moved to Shanghai.
义
family,class,group,team 等 作
His family are all fond of music.
视具体情况
一 主语时,若看作一个整体,谓语
而定
Their class is very big.
用单数;若视为每一个成员,谓
致
语用复数 The class are waiting for a new teacher.
who ,what ,which ,all ,mo视情况而定 Who is a doctor?re ,most ,some,any ,half ,none , Who are league members?
the rest等作主语 Most of them are young men.
Most of the water is dirty.
表示时间、距离、重 Thirty years is not a long time.
量、数字、钱等的复数名词 单数
作整体看待时 Five dollars is quite enough.
以-ics结尾的学科名词如
politics,maths 及 news 属形复 Physics seems to be difficult to me.
单数
意单名词,及书报名、国名等 The United States is a developed country.
复数名词作主语
用
or,either...or,neither...nor,not 与靠近的 Either you or I am wrong.
就
only...but also 等连接的并列 主语一致 Not only we but also the teachers are wrong.
近 主语
一 由there或here引起的句 There is a pen and some books on the desk.
子,主语又不止一个,其谓语动与第一个
致 词通常和邻近的那个主语一主语一致 There are some books and a piece of paper on the
desk.
致
注：1.不定代词all,some,any等作主语时,有以下两种情况:(1)单独作主语时,视其上下文或文中的
意义而定。谓语动词可用单数或复数。(2)后接of或直接修饰名词时,其后若是不可数名词,动词用单
数,若是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数。如:
All the things are in the car now.
Now all the food is in the basket.
All goes well.
2.“ the number of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词常用单数,因其意思是“……的数量”;而“a
number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词应用复数,因a number of 的意思是“许多,大量(≈many)”。如:
At the beginning of this year,the number of students was over 1700 in the school.
A number of trees were planted yesterday.
Part 2：高考真题精选
1.（2022新高考I卷）
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously
unprotected,
2.（2022新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________
(design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural
ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious
natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
3（2022年浙江卷1月）
But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more
chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in
dealing with the climate change crisis.
4.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the
people then to put all those rocks into place.
5.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored
（修复）.
6.（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）
One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble?
7.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown
University, says, ＂because it 67 ． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon
68 ． (construct) .＂
8．（2020·天津卷单项填空）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______
around that level since.
A．are remaining B．have remained
C．is remaining D．has remained
9.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten
performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give10.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when
returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
11.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are
declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
12.【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it
64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.
13.【2018·新课标卷 II·语法填空】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since
2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice.
14.【2017· 江苏】24.The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and
highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
15.【2017·天津卷】6. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best
all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
