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专题 01 名词（原卷版）
知识点梳理
Part1：
1.可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化:一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
一般在词尾加-s map—maps,sea—seas,girl—girls,day—days
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es class—classes,box—boxes,watch—watches,dish—dishes
以-f或 leaf—leaves,thief—thieves,knife—knives,half—halves,loaf—loaves,wife—
变-f和-fe为v再加-es
wives,shelf—shelves
-fe结尾
的词 加-s belief—beliefs,chief—chiefs,proof—proofs,roof—roofs
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es party—parties,family—families,story—stories,city—cities
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词
toy—toys,boy—boys,day—days,ray—rays,Henry—Henrys
以y结尾的,加-s
一般加-es hero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes
以辅音
不少外来词加-s piano—pianos,photo—photos,kilo—kilos
字母
加-o结 zero—zeros/zeroes
尾的名
词 两者皆可 volcano—volcanos/volcanoes
mosquito—mosquitos/mosquitoes
规则 例词
以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio—radios,bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos
以-th结尾的名词加-s truth—truths,mouth—mouths,month—months,path—paths
(2)不规则变化
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse—mice
单复数相同 species,sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,li,yuan,jin
只有复数形式 ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents
一些集体名词总是用作复数 people,police,cattle,staff
部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以 audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,te
作复数(成员) am,public,enemy,party
customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙
复数形式表示特别含义 滩),papers(文件,报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青
菜),ruins(废墟)
加-s Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans
表示
单复数同形 Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese
“某国
人”
以-man或-woman结尾的改
Englishmen,Frenchwomen
为-men,-women
合成 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boy friends
名词
无主体名词时将最后一部分 grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches变为复数
将两部分变为复数 women singers,men servants
知识点2 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词量的表达
不可数名词一般不能直接用不定冠词或数词修饰，而应与特定的单位名词连用来表示量的概念，
如：a cup of tea, four pieces of bread等。
2. 抽象名词的具体化
这类名词如果仅仅表示某种概念，是不可数名词；如果表示具体的人或事，就成了可数名词，
前面常加不定冠词，如：pleasure, help, honor, surprise, success, failure等。有些抽象名词在具体化时，
还可以用复数形式出现，如：no pains, no gains；表示特指时，可与定冠词连用。
3. 学科名词和集体名词的意义
(1)有些学科名词以s结尾，但表示单数意义，如：physics, maths, politics等。
(2)有些集体名词通常只用于表示复数概念，如：police, people, cattle等。
(3)有些集体名词在表示整体时为单数概念，在表示集体中的各个成员时为复数概念，如：class,
family, couple, audience, government, public等。
知识点3 名词所有格
1. 表示有生命物体的名词所有格
(1)一般在词尾加’s，如：the boy’s bag, men’s rooms等。
(2)以s结尾的词直接加’，如：the workers’ struggle， the students’ reading room等。
(3)并列名词表示各自所属时，在名词后都加’s，如：John’s and Mary’s rooms(约翰和玛丽各自
的房间)；表示共同所属时，在最后一个名词后加’s，如：John and Mary’s room(约翰和玛丽共同的
房间)。
(4)在表示店铺、餐馆、诊所的名称或某人的家时，其所有格后面的名词可省略，如：at the
doctor’s在诊所，at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。
2.of所有格的用法
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时 the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名词化的词 the struggle of the oppressed知识点4 名词作定语
1. 名词作定语时一般用单数，表示类别、处所、材料、身份、性别、功能、用途等。例如：
stone figures石像， paper money纸币， book stores书店， evening dress晚礼服。
2. 有些情况下，也可用复数作定语。例如：a goods train货运列车， two men doctors两个男医
生， a clothes shop服装店， a sales manager销售经理。
3. “数字＋连字符＋名词”作定语时，名词一般用单数形式。例如：a five-year plan一个五年计
划，a ten-mile walk一段十英里的路程。
知识点5 名词与固定搭配
名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“动词＋名词”和“介词＋名词”。常见短语如下：
make preparations for, make friends with, give regards to, make both ends meet, fix one’s eyes upon/on, in
great demand，in high spirits，in agreement with，pay attention to，keep pace with，attach importance
to，gain/have an advantage over，make a/no/some difference
Part2：高考真题精选
1.（2022.6新高考1卷 语法填空）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate
(population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in
the wild.
2.（2022 全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the
__largest_ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___ ___ (responsible)to work with other countries to
promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
3.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind
you how tiny we (human) are.
4.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different
gates and (watchtower) to take pictures...
5.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空） (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足）and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
6.（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're
of the same age and can understand each other.
7.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） In 1844 they bought it for＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,
who performed their (marry) ceremony in 1842.
8.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after
meals.
9.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to
become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and
often provides money for conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
10.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by in
medical science.
A. traditions B. advances C. pressures D. examples
11.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists
because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so the familiar near side.
12.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
13.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter
season and the beginning of spring.
14.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
15. （2020·江苏卷单项填空）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable
______.
A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission
16.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to foodand scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
17.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n)
___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
18.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are
declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
19.【2018·天津】 The____ ___ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired
scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order
C. possibility D. invitation
20. 【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014
that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early
deaths from all (cause).
