文档内容
专题 01 名词的数与词形转化
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place
____ which/that ____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century
architectural ____ 6 4____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
2.【2022 新高考全国 I 卷】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between
separate 62 (population)and homes of giant pandas
3.【2022新高考全国II卷】He saved my 64 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
4.【2021新高考全国II卷】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will
remind you how tiny we (2) (human) are.回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
导语：学习名词这可我们从两个维度出发第一种是从名词的类分为专有和普通名词
第二种是从名词的数分类分为可数和不可数名词， 两种分法，知识点部分有重合，同学
们记住关键部分重点难，可利用导图进行学习将重点部分，重点单词部分重点记忆即可。
名词的分类
考点 1 名词的类
(1)专有名词：专用名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构等的专有名称。专有名词无
复数形式。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写，前面一般不加定冠词 the，如 Beijing，Tom，
Guangzhou。
专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语，或特指一家人、夫妇等，前面则必须使用定冠词
the，如the Great Wall（长城），the Greens（格林一家人）
(2)普通名词：普通名词又分个体名词，集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词
和集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。
①个体名词:表示单个的人和事物。如car(汽车)、room(房间)、 fan(风扇)、photo(照片)
②集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如 family(家庭)、army(军队)、government(政府)、group(集团)
③物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。如 fire(火)、steel(钢)、air
(空气)、water(水)、milk(牛奶)
④抽象名词:表示动作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。如 labor( 劳动)、health(健康)、
life (生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐心)
考点 2 名词的数
1.可数名词复数形式
(1)规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
①以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
②以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives,
wife-wives, half-halves
③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays,
（2）不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
①改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese,
mouse-mice
②单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan
③只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,
④一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police
⑤部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd,
couple, group, government, population, team, public, party
⑥复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料),
sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)
⑦表示“某国人”①加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans②
单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese③ 以-man 或-woman 结尾的改为-men,-
women
2.不可数名词名词用法
(1)抽象名词、物质名词具体化
英语中有一类名词在表示泛指意义时，它是一种概念，是不可数名词，但当它们被
赋予了具体的含义后，可看作可数名词，一般与不定冠词连用，含有”一个(件、
次)……的人或事”。如：
danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)
failure(失败)→a failure(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)honour(光荣)→an honour(一个带来荣誉的人或一件带来荣誉的事)
must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物)
service(服务)→a service(一个服务机构)
smoke(烟)→a smoke(一缕烟)
experience(经验)→an experience(一次经历)
（2）抽象名词的用法
抽象名词为不可数名词，无复数，不加a/an,表示总称时不加the。
示例1：
正确：Childhood is the happiest time of a person's life.
童年是一个人一生中最愉快的时光。
错误：we all have our childhoods.
（3）物质名词的用法
物质名词是不可数名词，通常没有复数，不加a/an，表示总称时不加the
示例1：
正确：Coal is very useful industry.
错误：The coal is very useful in industry.
煤在工业上很有用。
物质名词在表示数量时，其前应另加表数量的名词。
示例：
a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力
a piece of paper 一张纸
a loaf of bread 一条面包
考点 3 名词的语法功能
一般有三种形式
1.名词的单数形式用来修饰另一个名词。
eg：There is a stone bridge in my town.我的家乡有一座石头桥。（stone修饰bridge）
The meeting room is cleaned by the woman every day. 这个女人每天都打扫会议室。
（meeting修饰room）
2.当我们使用man、woman来修饰名词的时候，它们要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。
eg：The woman teacher is the most beautiful in my school.这个女教师是我们学校最漂亮的
老师。
The women plioces are hardly work in the weekend. 这些女警察在周末也努力地工作。Aman wiriter is good at writing novel. 这个男作家擅长于写小说。
3.当sports（运动）、sales（销售）、clothes（衣服）、goods（货物）、arts（艺术）、
customs（风俗）等用来修饰名词的话，只用它们的复数形式。eg：We will host a sports
meet next week.我们下周要举办一场运动会。
There is a goods train between two cities. 在两座城市之间有一辆货车来往。
考点 4 名词所有格的表示方法
不以s结尾的单数名词 ，直接在词尾加’s my sister's bag
以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加 ’the teachers' office
不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加’s Children’s Day
表示共有，在最后一个主语后加'sLily and Lucy's room
表示各自拥有，在每个主语后加'sLily‘s and Lucy's room
表示无生命，名词+of+名词 a picture of my family
1．The documentary Du Fu: China’s greatest Poet made by BBC helps foreigners know about
China better and wins widespread (recognize) among foreigners.
2．Simple (direct) for assembling the model are printed on the box.
3．Of all the (consult), only Mr. Wang gave us some proposal in
point.
4.The specialists collect blood samples for (analyze) at a national
laboratory.1. （2024·浙江宁波·二模） An adult male can grow up to 3.3 meters in 3
(long) and weigh as much as 300 kilograms.
2.（2024·浙江温州·二模）platforms must develop richer ways for quality players who need
more 29 (expose) to display themselves and earn what they deserve.
3.（2024·浙江绍兴·一模）
“The 43 (practice) of greeting guests with tea are shared among multiple ethnic
groups.
4.（2024·全国二模） As is also worth mentioning is that if two people were born in the
different Loong years, they may have very different 9 (personality), and horoscope, due
to the Five Elements, which are Gold, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth.
5.（2024·河南濮阳·一模）For his 18 (brave) and selflessness, Hangzhou police
authorities earlier gave Peng the title of “Good Samaritan” and a cash prize of 30,000 yuan.
6.（2024·山东青岛·一模）“Brands should capitalize on traditional Chinese culture to
launch more innovative 29 (product),” a research fellow said
7.（2024·黑龙江·二模）According to Shen, early last year, a group of college students
proposed building a cafe in 37 (cooperate) with the village.
8.（2024·江苏·一模） Collectible cards featuring 47 (image) of the museum’s
collections have also proven quite popular with visitors.
9.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome
difficulty with 52 (determine) and hard work.
10.（2024·陕西西安·二模）In 2022, Yangliuqing was included (include) on the
list of national-level tourist areas, attracting 64 (visit) and cultural enthusiasts from
home and abroad.
