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专题 02 动词的时态和语态（原卷版）
Part1 1：知识点梳理
1. 常见的十种动词时态，尤其是对一般过去时和现在完成时的考查；
2. 被动语态。
知识点1 基本用法
1. 常见的十种动词时态有：一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时、现在完成进行时、一般
将来时、将来进行时、过去将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时。
2. 动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表
示主语是动作的承受者。不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。
People speak English all over the world. (主动语态)
English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态)
一般 ask/asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask
进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking
完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked
完成 shall/will have been
have/has been asking had been asking should/would have been asking
进行 asking
知识点1 常考时态的用法
1. 一般现在时
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
Tom often goes to school by bike.
(2)表示自然现象、客观事实或普遍真理。
Spring follows winter.
(3)表示现有的性质、能力或状态。
The flowers look beautiful.
(4)表示按计划安排好了将要发生的动作，这种情况仅限于少数有“开始”或“移动”意义的词，
例如come, go, leave, start, arrive, begin, meet, fall, close, open, end, stop, return, take off等。
The party begins at 7 o’clock.(5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
I’ll write you a letter as soon as I get there.
If I have enough time, I’ll travel around the world.
Wherever you go, you will see the same thing.
2. 现在进行时
(1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
Are you working hard this term?
The car is being repaired.
(2)come, go, leave, do, send, take off, sail, arrive, return等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表
将来。
We are going hiking this Sunday.
(3)与always, often, all the time, constantly, continuously, forever等连用表示频繁反复发生的动作或状
态，常含有批评、抱怨、不满或赞扬等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。
He is always getting angry with me.
3. 现在完成时
(1)表示过去的动作现已结束，但对现在产生影响，常带有already, just, ever, never等副词。
He has already obtained a scholarship.
(2)表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。此时，通常用延续性动词，并常与表示一段时
间的状语连用，例如for ten minutes, since 1980, in recent years, so far。
The film has been on for half an hour.
(3)表示到目前为止的一段时间内，第……次做某事。
It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film.
4. 现在完成进行时
(1)发生在过去的动作或状态，持续到现在或将继续下去，可以译成“一直”。现在完成时侧重持
续或影响到现在，不强调将来的延续。
I have been cleaning the house all the afternoon.
(2)到目前为止，多次重复发生的动作或状态。
I have been telephoning him several times this morning.
5. 一般将来时
(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
The football game will begin soon.
(2)表示事物固有的属性或必然趋势。
Fish will die without water.
(3)表示临时的决定。— We don’t have any milk in our fridge.
— I’ll go and buy some.
(4)其他表示将来的结构
① be going to do表示主观打算或有迹象将要发生某事。
I’m going to have my hair cut after work.
Look at the clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.
② be＋to do表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，还可表示命令或注定要发生的事。
There is to be an English exam next Monday.
Father warned his son，“You are to be back by ten.”
The worst is still to come.
③ be about to do表示正要去做某事，但不与表将来的时间状语连用。
I am about to go shopping.
注意：if条件句中一般不用将来时，如果使用will，其意义为“愿意”。
If you will give her another chance, she will surprise you.
6. 过去将来时
表示对过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
He said he would come to our school.
7. 一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
I bought a new bike last week.
(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
He often watched TV at night.
8. 过去进行时
(1)表示过去某段时间里或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
I was playing computer games when my parents came home.
He slipped out of the classroom when the teacher was not noticing him.
(2)表示过去频繁发生的动作或习惯，常与always等副词连用。
Mrs. Black was always having dinner with her old parents.
9. 过去完成时
(1)表示过去某时间或某动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。
I had read the report by last weekend.
When I came back, he had eaten all the sweets.
(2)在hardly/scarcely... when, no sooner... than, It was the first/second... time (that)... 等句型中。
We had hardly/scarcely left the house when it began to rain.No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain.
It was the third time he had been out of work that year.
(3)表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词用过去完成时，表示未曾实现的愿望，意为“本打算……，
本希望……”。这类动词有mean, intend, expect, hope, want, plan, think, suppose等。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
知识点2 几组时态的区别
I have just finished my homework.我刚刚写完
现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影 作业。(看上去好像是过去才发生的事情,但是对
现在完成时
响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续 我现在有了影响。因为写完了作业,就可以做自己
想做的事情。)
过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一
When he came in,I had had my supper.他进来
特定时间更早发生的动作,发生在“过去
过去完成时 时,我就已经吃完晚餐了。(吃在进来之前,所以用
的过去”,即过去完成时至少涉及两个过
过去完成时。)
去的动作
知识点4 固定结构中的时态
This/That/It is/was the 若主句中为is,则从句时态 This is the first time we have
first/second...time+that从句“是……次做 用现在完成时;若为was,则从 seen a film in the cinema together
某事” 句时态用过去完成时 as a family.
若be动词用一般过去时,
It+be...before... I’m sorry you’ve been
则before 从句中常用一般过去
waiting so long,but it’ll still be
“要过……才”或“在……以后 时;若be动词用将来时,则
才” some time before Brian gets back.
before 从句中常用一般现在时
was/were doing...when“正在做某事,
这时(突然)” I was about to leave when he
came in.
was/were about to do...when...“正要 在when引导的从句中,谓
I had just locked the door
做某事,这时(突然)” 语动词用过去式
when I realised I had left my key
had done...when“刚做完某事,这时 on the kitchen table.
(突然)”
It has been three years since
he worked here.
他不在这工作已经三年
since从句用过去时。该句 了。
型表某个动作持续多久。但若
It has been three years since
It is/has been+时间段+since since后跟延续性动词,要翻译 he smoked.
成否定含义,即“没做某事已经
他已经戒烟三年了。
多久了”
It has been three years since
he began to smoke.
他吸烟有三年了。知识点5 八种时态的标志词
ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week/year/night/month...,in 1989,just now,at
一般过
the age of five,one day,ago,long ago,once upon a time,then(那时),on that day,the other day(几
去时
天以前)
现在
now,these days,at this moment/time
进行时
过去
at this time yesterday,at that time或“when+一般过去时从句”,at 1:00 last night
进行时
现在 recently,recent years,these days/years,lately,since,for+时段(但还在延续),in the past few
years,ever since,in the last/past five months,up to now,since then,so
完成时
far,ever,never,yet,lately,once,twice,three/four times...,already,before,just
过去
before,by the end of last year/term/month
完成时
一般 tomorrow,next day/week/month/year...,soon,in a few minutes,by...,the day after
将来时 tomorrow,in the future
过去
the next day/morning/year...,the following month/week...
将来时
知识点6 主动语态表示被动意义
This kind of material washes
easily.
不及物动词与状语连用,用以 cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,l
The pen writes smoothly.
表示主语的品质和状态 ock,wash,drive,keep
Meat won’t keep long in such hot
weather.
begin,finish,start,open,close, The shop closes at 6 p.m.every
表开始、结束、运动的动词
stop,end,run day.
Your hair wants cutting.
有些表示“需要”的动词后
need,require,want,be worth The floor requires washing.
加动词的-ing形式
The book is worth reading.
The question is difficult to
answer.
hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,
不定式在某些形容词之后,且
good,comfortable,convenient,imp The box is heavy to carry.
与主语有动宾关系
ossible
The project is impossible to
complete in a year.
Part 2：高考真题精选1.（2022新高考I卷）
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously
unprotected,
2.（2022新高考I卷）
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________
(design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural
ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious
natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
3（2022全国甲卷）
In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
4.（2022全国乙卷）
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony.
5（2022年浙江卷1月）
Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as
important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
6（2022年浙江卷1月）
But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more
chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in
dealing with the climate change crisis.
7（2022年浙江卷1月）
On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate
scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
8.（2022年新高考2卷）
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from thebalcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
9.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the
people then to put all those rocks into place.
10.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of
their furniture.
11.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored
（修复）.
12.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
13.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown
Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
14.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
15.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of
between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
16.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
17.（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）
One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble?18.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）
That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
19.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）
I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
20.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）
We quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A. have done B. will do C. had done D. were doing
