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专题 04 冠词(解析版)
知识点梳理
Part 1:
1. 定冠词与不定冠词的区别;
2. 不定冠词a,an的区别;
3. 零冠词的使用;
4. 常见搭配中的冠词;
5. 特指与泛指时冠词的使用。
知识点1 不定冠词a(n)
1. 用于泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
The village where I was born has grown into a town.
2. 用于第一次提到或出现的名词前,表泛指,不特别指明具体情况。
There is a cup on the desk, but the cup isn’t mine.
3. 用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
I have three books, and I want to buy a fourth one.
4. 用于形容词的比较级前,表示“一个更……的”。
If we sit near the front of the bus, we’ll have a better view.
5. 用于姓名、星期名称前,表示“某个名叫……的人,一个跟某人相仿的人,某人的作品、发
明”或“某个星期几”。
Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. 专家们认为这幅新发现的油画
或许是毕加索的画作。
6. 用于表示价格、速度、比率等的名词前表示“每一”。
He works eight hours a day.
7. 用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。
这类名词仅表示概念时,是不可数名词,前面不加冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事,特别是前
面有形容词修饰时,就变成了可数名词,前面要加不定冠词。具有此用法的名词有:success, failure,
surprise, pleasure, beauty, pity, danger, comfort, honour等。
surprise惊奇 → a surprise 一件意想不到/令人惊奇的事
failure失败 → a failure 一个失败的人;一件失败的事
success成功 → a success 一个成功的人;一件成功的事
rain雨 → a heavy rain 一场大雨注意:常考的不可数名词有:baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太空), advice,
word(消息), progress, information, news, equipment, wealth等。这些不可数名词一般不与不定冠词连用。
知识点2 定冠词the
1.表示某一类人或物
The horse is a useful animal.
2.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前
the universe,the moon,the Pacific Ocean
3.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事
Would you mind opening the door?
4.用于乐器前面
play the violin,play the guitar
5.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人
the rich,the living,the wounded
6.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”
the Greens,the Wangs
7.用于序数词或形容词、副词比较级、最高级前
He is the taller of the two children.
8.用于国家、党派等以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前
the United States,the Communist Party of China,the West Lake
9.用于表示发明物的单数名词前
The compass was invented in China.
10.在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代
in the 1990s
11.用于表示单位的名词前
I hired the car by the hour.
12.用于方位名词、身体部位名词以及表示时间的词组前
He patted me on the shoulder.
知识点3 零冠词
1. 不含普通名词的专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、复数名词或不可数名词前通常
不加冠词。
Rock climbing is of great fun. You will get close to nature and take adventures at the same time.2. 表示季节、月份、星期、节日、学科、语言、球类、棋类以及三餐等的名词前,常用零冠词。
He had nothing for breakfast this morning.
Spring comes after winter.
3. 表示独一无二的职位、职务、头衔的名词在句中作表语、补足语、同位语时,其前通常不加
冠词。
We made him monitor of our class.
4. 在“单数可数名词+as/though”引导的让步状语从句中,单数可数名词前不加冠词。
Good choice as/though it may be, he has decided to give it up.
5. turn意为“变为,成为”时,后面作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词。但是 become意为“变
为,成为”时,后面作表语的单数名词前加不定冠词。
His dream is to turn lawyer while his sister’s is to become a dancer.
6. 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等指示代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词
或名词所有格时,其前不加冠词。
I want that book about cars.
知识点4 固定搭配
1:all of a sudden突然;as a matter of fact事实上;once a week每周一次;at a loss不知所措,茫
然;be on a visit参观,拜访;be/go on a diet节食;give sb.a lift让某人搭便车;have a gift for...在……
方面有天赋;have a good time玩得开心;have a word with...与……谈话;in a hurry匆忙地;in a way
从某种意义上说;make a living谋生;take a walk散步;take an interest in...对……感兴趣;take/have a
rest休息一会儿;a couple of两三个; a bit一点; once upon a time从前;many a time许多次
2:at the moment此刻,目前;at the same time同时;by the way顺便说一下;on the spot当场;make the
best/most of...充分利用……;in the distance在远处;in the end最终;in the habit of有……的习惯;the other
day前几天;on the one hand...,on the other hand...一方面……,另一方面……;to the point中肯,切题
3:in fact事实上;for example例如;in danger在危险中;with pleasure高兴地;in time及时;in fear
恐惧地;at work在上班;at dinner在吃饭;after school放学后;at first起初;at last最终;by hand手工做
的;pay attention to注意;set fire to放火;take pride in以……为豪;take care of照顾;take office就
职;take part in 参加;in town 在城里;keep...in mind 牢记;in trouble 处在麻烦中;on foot 步行;leave
word留言;on time按时;catch sight of看见;do harm to对……有害;lose weight减肥Part2:高考真题精选
1.(2022新高考I卷)Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park,
the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案:the
解析:考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。
本句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
2.(2022全国甲卷)____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the
trip.
答案:A
解析:考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知,此处泛指
“他的一个朋友”,应用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,应用a,空处位于句首,首字母大写。
故填A。
3.(2022年浙江 1月真题)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to
speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.
答案:the
解析: 考查冠词。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。大约
有四分之三的时间,他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内,故填the。
4.(2022新高考二卷) ___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
答案:The
解析:考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写
冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同时该
单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
5.(2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空)While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 10 must to visit!
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,must 为名词,表示 "必须的事" ,所以前应用冠词,且无
特指。故填a。
6.(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空)It took us about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xi'an City Wall.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。 all the way 为固定搭配,意为 "自始自终,一路上" 。故填the。
7.(2021.6 全国乙卷 语法填空)Due to 5 growing popularity of environmentally-related and
adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly
trip must meet the following principles:
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。空格处所填词与空后的growing popularity of…一起作to的宾语,构成the
growing popularity of…的固定用法。句意:因为与环境相关的且有冒险性的旅行越来越流行……。
故填the。
8.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空) 9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet
the needs of their growing family.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词the,the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的复数,表示一家人。句意:林肯一
家人在1856年把房子扩建为一栋二楼,以满足他们日益增长的家人的需求。
9.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are
declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
10【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
but
a and
【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.
【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词,前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现,故在
football前加a;考查连词。句意:突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与
“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系,不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
11.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词,意思是“相同的”,常与
the连用修饰名词。故填the。12. 【2018·新课标卷I·短文改错】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to
visit my grandparents.
【答案】countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假,我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的
是乡下,故加定冠词the。
【解析】countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假,我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的
是乡下,故加定冠词the。
13. 【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past
25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%。故是特指
在过去的25年里。故填the。
14. 【2018·新课标卷 III·语法填空】Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins
screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male
appears.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of,此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
15. 【2017·新课标卷I·语法填空】As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for
that something missing.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示"结果"。句意:结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损
失的东西。故填a。
16. 【2017·新课标卷II ·语法填空】This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then
building a strong roof over 6 4 top.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶,所以在 top前加the。
17.【2016·浙江】2.______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.
A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析: 句意:这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填 the,是特指
“获胜者的奖品”,用定冠词,第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”,用不定冠词a。故选A。
考点:考查冠词。
【名师点睛】本题着重理解定冠词和不定冠词的区别,定冠词the表示特指,不定冠词a/an表示泛
指;对于冠词特指和泛指的考查是历年来高考的必考点,平时的学习要多进行积累,仔细分析特指
还是泛指。同时,更为重要的是要多去积累习惯表达,特殊表达,这也是近几年高考习惯考的地方。
总而言之,多解题、多理解、多积累才是关键。做冠词的题目语感非常重要,平时阅读的时候,注
意出现冠词的地方,体会是特指还是泛指。