文档内容
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题20 冠词数词十大类十一个要点（讲案）解析版
（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+原创语填）
目录
一、冠词用法快问快答 P1
二、冠词用法思维导图 P2
三、冠词五年高考考点细目表 P 2
考点清单一、使用不定冠词 a(n)的十大场合 P2
考点清单二、使用定冠词 the 的十四个场合 P3
考点清单三、零冠词的十大场合 P 5
四、冠词分类训练 P 6
分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题） P 6
分类训练（二）单句改错（高考真题） P 8
分类训练（三）语篇填空（冠词专练） P 8
五、数词考点思维导图 P 9
六、数词考点考点清单 P 10
考点清单四、基数词的基本用法 P 10
考点清单五、序数词的基本用法 P 12
考点清单六、数词命题热点归纳 P1 3
七、数词考点分类训练 P 14
分类训练一：单句填空/改错（高考真题） P1 4
分类训练二：单句填空（最新模拟） P1 5
分类训练三：语法填空（外刊原创） P1 5
中国新型大型水陆两栖飞机进入批量生产 P1 5
一、冠词、数词用法快问快答
Q1：冠词用法有哪些注意事项？
A1：冠词是英语特有的词性，汉语里没有。因此，首先需要了解冠词使用场合和特点。其次是掌握不定冠词 a
和an的区别，使用定冠词the的场合以及零冠词的场合，最后是牢记一些含冠词的固定搭配。
Q2：使用数词需要注意什么？
A2：首先需要注意基数词和序数词的区别，其次基数词变序数词的规则，最后是学会使用基数词和序数词。
Q3：如何才能学好冠词和数词？
A3：一要掌握冠词和数词的知识网络，二要了解冠词和数词的用法，三要学以致用，查漏补缺。
Q4：学好冠词和数词有什么意义？
A4：一能提高使用语言的准确性，二能在写作中尝试使用高级词汇进一步提升句子表达力。
二、冠词用法思维导图三、冠词用法考点清单
考点清单一、使用不定冠词a(n)的十大场合
要点精讲1：使用不定冠词a(n)的十大场合
序号 典型场合 典型示例
1 a用在辅音开头的单词前，an an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 an umbrella 一把伞
用在以元音开头单词前【不见 a university 一所大学 a European country 一个欧洲国家
元音不加 an，不看字母看发 an unusual story一个不同寻常故事 an unhappy boy一个不高兴的男孩
音】
2 第一次提到的某人或某物之前 The panda is an endangered animal.熊猫是一种濒危动物。
3 泛指人或事物的某一类别 A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
4 用在表示数量、长度、时间等 The car moves 100 miles an hour.这辆小汽车以每小时100英里速度行
的名词前，表示“每一” 驶
Rome was not built in a day.罗马非一日建成。/冰冻三尺，非一日之
寒。
5 不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词 The party was a great success.晚会开得很成功。
前，表示具体的人或事物 It’s a pleasure to work with you.与你一起工作是件乐事。
6 用于专有名词前，表示“某一 I want to be a Bill Gates.我想成为比尔·盖茨式的人物。
个”
7 用于序数词之前,表示重复 Soon I saw a second plane.不久我又看到了另一架飞机。
8 用于最高级前意为“非常” This is a most interesting story.这是一个极为动人的故事。
9 用于物质名词的数量化 I’d like a tea and two coffees.请给我一杯茶和两杯咖啡。
10 与 have，take，make等连用 Take a look at these figures! 看一下这些数字吧！
要点精讲2：常考含不定冠词a(n)的固定搭配
含不定冠词a(n)的介词短语 含不定冠词a(n)的动词短语a copy of newspaper一份报纸 have a gift for 在某方面有天赋
at a loss 不知所措,困惑 have catch a cold 感冒
all of a sudden 突然 half an hour 半小时
in a hurry 匆忙 make a living 谋生
as a rule 通常 make a difference 有影响
as a matter of fact 事实上 make a fortune 发财
as a result 结果 make a living 谋生
be on a diet 节食 make an apology 道歉
in a way 从某种意义上说 make an appointment 预约
as a whole 总体上 make an effort 努力
at a high speed/price/rate以高速/高价/高价 take a shower 洗淋浴
in a flash 刹那间 take a seat 坐下
in a word 总而言之 keep an eye on 留意;照看
限时训练一：结合语境用适当的冠词填空。
1. —Could you tell me the way to _______Johnsons please?
—Sorry, we don't have ______ Johnson here in the village.
2.Of all the subjects, I like history best because it gives us _______useful knowledge of things in the past.
3.There are _______ number of books in the library and _______ number of them is increasing.
4.What ________ pity that you couldn't be there to receive ________ prize!
5. The Wilsons live in ______ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ______ 17th century cottage.
6.—How about _______ Christmas evening party?
—I should say it was _______ success.
7.______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.
8.First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ______second chance to make _______first
impression.
9.The heavy rain lasted 3 hours on end and came to ______ end when the class was over.
10. Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
【答案】
1.the, a 2.a 3.a, the 4.a, the 5.an, a 6.the, a 7.An, the 8.a, a 9.an 10.a, a
考点清单二、使用定冠词the的十四个场合
要点精讲1：序号 典型场合 典型示例
1 表示双方都知道的人或物 Would you mind turning down the radio a little?请把收音机音量调小点好
吗？
2 表示特指的或上文已提到 Do you know the girl in red? 你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩么？
过的人或事物。 The book on the table is mine. 桌子上的那本书是我的。
3 表示世界上独一无二的事 As is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳
物，如日月星辰地球等 转。
The sun can damage your skin. 阳光能损伤皮肤。
4 用在序数词前 He is the first person who knows the secret. 他是第一个知道这个秘密的人。
5 用在形容词最高级前 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 上海市中国最大的城市之一。
6 用于乐器的名称之前 She can play the piano quite beautifully. 她可以弹一手好钢琴。
7 用在姓氏的复数名词前表 The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上公寓
示一家人或夫妻俩 里。
The Greens will move to the country. 格林一家要搬到乡下去。
8 与形容词连用表示一类人 The injured were taken to the nearest hospital.受伤的人被送到了最近的医
院。
9 用在世纪、年代、时期或 The war broke out in the 1980s.战争爆发于20世纪80年代。
朝代的名词前 He moved to the south in his fifties.他五十几岁时搬到了南方。
10 用在由普通名词构成的专 the United States of America美国 the People’s Republic of China 中
有名词前 国
the Communist Party of China中国共产党 the United Nations 联合国
11 江、河、湖、海、山脉、 the Yellow River 黄河 the Pacific Ocean太平洋
运河、岛屿等名词前 the Alps阿尔卑斯山 the Grand Canal大运河
12 用于接触身体部位结构 She patted him on the shoulder. 她碰了他的肩。
13 用于发明物的单数名词前 Who invented the telephone？ 电话是谁发明的？
14 用在表示方位名词之前 Jilin is in the north of China. 吉林位于中国的北部。
要点精讲2：常考含定冠词the的固定搭配
含定冠词the的介词短语 含定冠词the的动词短语
at the same time 同时 make the best of 充分利用
at the moment 此刻,目前 take the place of 替代
on the contrary 相反 burn the midnight oil 开夜车
not in the least 一点也不 go to the cinema 去看电影
on the whole 总的来说 keep the house 居家不出门
to tell the truth 说实话 make the bed 铺床
in the distance 在远处 make the most of 充分利用
on the other hand另一方面 tell the truth 说真话
in the middle of 在……中间
by the way 顺便说一下
at the bottom of 在……的底部
at the foot of 在……的脚下
at the top of 在……的顶部
in the centre of 在……中心
in the middle of 在……中间
限时训练：结合语境用适当的冠词填空。
1. I don’t know who invented ________ robot, but it’s really________ most wonderful invention.
2. It’s a shame that many tourists are still in ________ habit of writing silly things in public places.
3. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with ________ rise of science, changes began.
4.As is known to all, ______People’s Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world.
5._______more learned a man is, _______more modest he usually becomes.
6.He is in _______possession of that beautiful garden and the shop is in _______ possession of his brother.
7. This area experienced heaviest rainfall in month of May.8. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _______Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _____ thirteenth
century.
9. There is an unhappy boy sitting on ________seat over there, who looks very sad.
10. I looked under _______bed and found _______book I lost last week.
【答案】
1.the, a 2.the 3. the 4.the, the 5.The, the 6./, the 7.the, the 8.the, the 9.the 10.the, the
考点清单三、零冠词的十大场合
要点精讲1：
序号 零冠词典型场合 典型示例
1 物质名词、抽象名词前 Bread is made from flour.面包是用面粉做的。
2 表示职务、头衔的名词前 He was selected Chairman of the committee.他被选为委员会主
席。
3 一日三餐名词前 We are going to movies after supper.晚饭后我们要去看电影。
4 运动、棋类、游戏等名词 He likes to play chess.他喜欢下棋。
前
5 星期、月份、季节等名词 Spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年中最好的季节。
前
6 西方节日名称前 April Fool’s Day 愚人节 Christmas Day 圣诞节
Easter 复活节 Father’s Day 父亲节
Thanksgiving Day 感恩节 Valentine’s Day 情人节
7 名词被限定词this，my， His heart was beating wildly with fear.他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。
some，no等修饰时 Go down this street.顺着这条道路往前走。
8 含有介词短语的独立主格 He entered the forest, gun in hand.他手拿枪进了森林。
9 复数名词表示类属时 Dogs are human beings’ friends. 狗是人类的朋友。
10 by表示交通工具的名词前 Every day he goes to school by bike. 他每天骑自行车上学。
要点精讲2：下列短语有无冠词不一样
in front of在……前面(在范围之外)
in the front of在……前部(在范围之内)
in control of控制
in the control of 被……控制
in charge of 管理
in the charge of 受……管理
out of question毫无疑问
out of the question不可能
by day 在白天
by the day按天计算
in possession of sth.拥有某物
in the possession of sb.为某人所拥有
go to church 去做礼拜
go to the church 去教堂
at table 在吃饭
at the table 在桌子旁by sea 由海路
by the sea 在海边
要点精讲3：下列短语不含任何冠词
at ease 无拘无束 by force 用武力 in return 作为回报
at first 最初 by hand 用手工 in surprise 惊讶地
at hand 在手边 by mistake 错误地 in turn 轮流；反过来
at length 终于，详细地 by name 名叫，凭名字 in vain 徒劳地
at most 至多 by nature 天生地 on average 平均
at peace 和平时期 in advance 预先，事先 on board 在船上/飞机上
at random 随意地 in danger 在危险中 on demand 一经要求
at risk 在危险中 in despair 在绝望中 on display/show 被展示
at war 在交战 in detail 极详细地 on earth 在世界上；究竟
by accident 无意中 in order 整齐地 on foot 步行
by chance 偶然，无意地 in person 本人，亲自 on guard 在值勤
by design 出于谋划 in place 在适当的地方 on purpose 故意地
限时训练：单句改错。
1. (山东2006)For him the stage is just means of making a living.
2. (全国II 2004)If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off price.
3. (湖南2004)For a long time they walked without saying a word. Jim was the first to break silence.
4. (江苏2004) Tom owns the larger collection of books than any other student in our class.
5. (辽宁2004)When you finish reading the book, you will have the better understanding of life.
6. (上海2004春) As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by an hour.
7. (辽宁2012)I woke up with bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.
8. (全国2011I)It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.
9. (浙江2011)Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be Picasso.
10. (重庆2010) Everything comes with a price; there is no such a thing as free lunch in the world.
【答案】
1. means前加a 2. price前加the 3. silence前加the 4. the改为a 5. a better 6. an 改为the 7.bad前加a 8. man前
加a 9. Picasso前加a 10. 去掉such后a
四、冠词用法分类训练
分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题）
1.（2024 新课标 I 卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey
influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61 first
time.
2.（2024 浙江 1 月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs
designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, ____________ other stays
fresh.
1.（2023新高考 I卷）The meat should be fresh with 43 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and
delicious.
2.（2023新高考II卷）Not the pandas, even though 39 language used for the medical training instructions is
actually English.
3.（2023 浙江 1 月卷）In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the
Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect culture of grassroots Beijingers.4.（2022新高考I卷）Covering an area about three times ___________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP
will be one of the first national parks in the country.
5.（2022新高考II卷）___________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the
accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.
6.（2022全国甲卷）___________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
7.（2022全国乙卷）To celebrate ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman
Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
8.（2021年新高考I卷）While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ___________ must to visit!
9.（2021年全国甲卷）It took us about 3 hours to go all ___________ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
10.（2021 年全国乙卷）Due to ___________growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel,
various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
【答案与解析】
1.答案：the
句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，
意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。
2. 答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”，为固
定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
3.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；
稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
4.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特
指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
5.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草
根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，
应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
6.答案：the。
解析：考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结
构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
7.答案：The解析：考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填
写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置
于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。
8.答案：A
解析：考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个
朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
9.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指
International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
10.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要
的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用
a。故填a。
11.答案：the
解析：解析：考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短
语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。12.答案：the
解析：解析：考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态
旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and
adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
分类训练（二）短文改错（高考真题）
1.（2024全国甲卷）A attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing.
2.（2023全国甲卷）In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects becomes more
meaningful to me.
3.（2023全国乙卷）Mom was sure same color would look great on her.
4.（2020 全国 I 卷）I waited patiently until the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan
together.
5.（2020全国I卷）For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.
6.（2019全国I卷）Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.
7.（2018全国I卷）During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
8.（2017全国I卷）In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember
how hard first day was.
9.（2017全国II卷）They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work
every day.
10.（2017全国III卷）Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time:
car magazines and musical instruments.
11.（2017全国I卷）At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.
【答案】
1. A改成An 2.the改为a 3.same前加the 4.pan前the 5.the改成a 6.football前加a 7.countryside前加the
8.first前加the/my 9.hour前a改为an 10.picture前加this/the 11.去掉the
分类训练（三）语法填空（冠词专练）
A) As 1 National Park Service marks its 100th anniversary, major parks across the country are facing 2
growing problem. From getting too close to wildlife to camping in off-limit areas, more and more visitors are breaking
park rules. In July alone, park rangers(管理员) handled more than 11,000 incidents at 3 10 most visited national
parks.
Record numbers of visitors at Yellowstone National Park, in Wyoming, have caused problems. Visitors wandered
from 4 (mark) paths. They break park rules in order to take selfies with wildlife, getting too close to elk,
grizzly bears, and bison. As drivers slow down to snap pictures of 5 animals, traffic backs up.
6 breaking of park rules comes from disbelief among visitors that they will get hurt, said Yellowstone
Superintendent Dan Wenk. More than 52,000 warnings were issued at Yellowstone in 2015, up almost 20 percent from 7
year before. That worries the National Park Service.
As 8 number of visitors increase, the group is working to protect national land for future generations. 9
top 10 parks, including Yosemite in California and the Grand Canyon in Arizona, hosted almost 44 million people last
year. That's a 26 percent increase from 10 decade earlier.
【参考答案】
1. the2. a3. the4. marked5. the6. The7. the8. the9. the 10. a
B) Tom is 1 honest boy. As 2 matter of fact, he never tells lies. He bought 3 useful
dictionary the other day so that he could have 4 good command of vocabulary, which I think is 5 wise
choice. He works hard from morning till night and he always goes to school in 6 hurry. He is always 7
first student to get to school. He studies in 8 most beautiful school, where the teacher and the students are fond
of playing 9 piano. It’s out of 1 0 question for them to get tired of the music they are keen on.【参考答案】
1.an 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.a 6.a 7.the 8.a 9.the 10.the
C) When I walked down 1 Third Avenue, as 2 rule, I used to look into the window of 3 old
shop that sold old but beautiful things. Since I often took my walk after the closing time, I cupped my hands against 4
windows to get 5 small look at the treasures inside.
Some things looked as if they had not been cared for 6 long time, but I knew their beauty was still there
beneath their surface. I even thought they were 7 most beautiful that I had ever seen. That was how I felt about
old people, too. I knew their value, and it hurt me when others missed it. I was raised by my grandmother and given 8
deep sense of the value of experience. Taught to behave well, my sister and I respected other people, regardless of their
age or colour. My grandmother was loved by all 9 people around her. She was known to be 1 0 wise and
kind woman, who was able to do things well even in her last years.
【参考答案】
1.the 2.a3.an 4.the 5.a 6.a7.the 8.a 9.the 10.a
五、数词用法思维导图六、数词用法考点清单
考点清单四、基数词的基本用法
要点精讲1：基数词的构成
①1～12独立成词。
one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve。
②13～19的基数词以teen结尾。要注意thirteen，fifteen，eighteen的拼写。
③表示整“十”的基数词：20～90的基数词都以ty结尾。其中特别要注意twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，ninety
的正确写法。
④21～99的写法是：十位数加个位数，中间用连字符号“”连接。如：26 twenty-six；57 fifty-seven
⑤101～999的构成是：百位数与十位数之间用and连接。如：123 one hundred and twenty-three
⑥hundred，thousand，million，billion等词在表示确定数目的时候，直接前面加基数词；表示不确定数目时，要
在它们后面加s，其后还要加of。如：three hundred students三百名学生
thousands of students成千上万的学生
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
one eleven thirty
two twelve forty
three thirteen fifty
four fourteen sixty
five fifteen seventy
six sixteen eighty
seven seventeen ninety
eight eighteen hundred
nine nineteen thousand
ten twenty million/billion
要点精讲2：基数词的用法
①表示数量的多少。
②表示年份。1988读作nineteen eighty-eight
③表示时刻。7:00读作seven o'clock
8:30读作half past eight/eight thirty
3:05读作five past three/three five
5:48读作twelve to six/five fort图片yeight
④表示顺序。单数名词＋基数词，名词的第一个字母通常要大写。如：
Class Two，Room12，No.3 Middle School
注：“单数名词＋基数词”可转换成“the＋序数词＋单数名词”，此时名词的第一个字母不大写。如：Lesson
Three＝the third lesson
⑤“数词＋单数名词”相当于合成形容词作定语(如：a threeyearold girl)。合成形容词中的名词一定是单数。合
成形容词不能作表语，后面必须跟上所修饰的名词。
⑥与表示时间、距离、长度的名词一起构成“数词＋单位名词＋形容词”，表示事物的形状、年代及距离等。
如：ten years old，3600 meters long
⑦“几十”的基数词复数形式可用来表示某人约几十岁或年代。如：
In his sixties，he rode图片 a bike round the world.
The light was invented in the 1870s.
⑧与another，more连用时，表示在已有基础上再增加—定数量。如：
another three hours，two more cakes
【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms(约翰和玛丽各
有一间，共两间);Tom's and Mary's bikes(两人各自的自行车)。
两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and
Mary's mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。
考点清单五、序数词的基本用法
要点精讲1：序数词的构成
①序数词多数是由“基数词＋th”构成。如：six-→sixth，seven-→seventh等。
②以y结尾的整十的数字，先将y改为i，再加eth。如：fifty-→fiftieth，seventy→seventieth等。
③21以上的非整十的数字，将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词，其他的位数仍用基数词。如：
twenty-one →twentyfirst，
thirtytwo →thirty-second，
two hundred and ninetyeight →two hundred and ninetyeighth等。④少数的序数词属于特殊情况，而且这类词也常常是考点，大家要特别注意记忆。如：
one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，twelve→twelfth
注：fourteenth(第十四)，fortieth(第四十)，ninth(第九)，nineteenth(第十九)，ninetieth(第九十)
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
first eleventh thirtieth
second twelfth fortieth
third thirteenth fiftieth
fourth fourteenth sixtieth
fifth fifteenth seventieth
sixth sixteenth eightieth
seventh seventeenth ninetieth
eighth eighteenth hundredth
ninth nineteenth thousandth
tenth twentieth millionth/billionth
要点精讲2：序数词的用法
①表示顺序。序数词表顺序时，其前须用定冠词the，后接单数名词。如：
I'm the first one to arrive here.
注：如序数词前出现人称代词，则不加the。定语从句中先行词之前有序数词时，则关系代词只能用that。
如：Today is my thirtieth birthday.
②用于最高级前。
如：John is the second tallest boy in our class.
③分数。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子为l，分母用单数，分子大于l，分母用复数。
如：one fifth，three fifths
—些习惯用法：1/4也可表示为a quarter，3/4也可表示为three quarters，1/2也可表示为a half
④带分数的词组作句子的主语时，谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。如：
Two fifths of the apple is eaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。
Two fifths of the apples are red.五分之二的苹果是红的。
⑤表示数量上再增加“一”，用：a(an)＋序数词＋单数名词。如：She had a second child.她有了第二个孩子。
要点精讲3：基数词变序数词要遵循以下原则：
1. 一般来说，序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。
2. 十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i，再加e t h。
3. 两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。[来源:学科网]
此外，常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内，具体见下表。
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten
—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—
sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth
forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
基数词变序数词口诀
基变序，有规律，末尾加上th;
一二三，特殊记，
八加h,九去e,ve要用f替，
以y结尾变ie,后跟th莫忘记;
若想表图片示几十几，只变个位就可以。
考点清单六、数词命题热点归纳
要点精讲1：基数词和序数词的用法1.序数词前必须加the。如：
The second is what I really need.第二个是我真正需要的。
2.序数词前若有限定词，则可以不用加the。如：
It is my third time to visit Beijing. 这是我第三次参观北京。
3.序数词前面也可以加不定冠词a或an，表示“又一,再”，内含顺序性。如：
We have tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time?
我们已经试过三遍了。还必须再试一次(第四次)吗?
要点精讲2：年龄、长、宽、高、面积等的表示方法
基数词加量词(meter(s) /kilometer(s)/kilo(s)/year(s)/...)加形容词(long/wide/high/deep)。如：
three years old 三岁大;
two meters tall 两米高;
ten meters long 十米长
要点精讲3：hundred, thousand, million与billion的用法
1. hundred, thousand, million, billion表示具体数目时用单数，在表示“数百”“数千”“数百万”“数十亿”
等不确定的数目时，用“hundreds of/thousands of/millions of/billions of+可数名词复数”表示。与of 连用时，
要用复数形式，但前面不能再加数字。如：
thousands of factories 成千上万家工厂
2. 与具体的数字one, two...或several, some, many等词连用时，要用单数形式。如：
five hundred people 500人
two thousand books 两千本书
many million trees 几百万棵树
要点精讲4：年份、日期与编号的表示法
1. 年份、日期、编号的表达
◆年份、日期表示法
通常英式英语表达为“日、月、年”，而美式英语表达为“月、日、年”。一般年份用基数词，日期用序数词
(可简写)，月份用月份名称，年份后面不用year(年)。如：
on August 8th, 2023在2023年8月8日
◆编号表示法
名词加基数词等于the加序数词加名词。
如：第一课Lesson One等于the first lesson;第二页Page Two等于the second page
路公车Bus Number 2 或the Number 2 bus。
有时可以直接用数字来表示。如：
Room Two O Six, Class Two， Grade One...(注意：使用时要注意大小写)
2. 年份、日期、时间的读法
◆年份：四位数通常分两组来读。
如：1999读作：nineteen ninety-nine
◆日期：用序数词来表示。
如：November 3rd读作：November the third
◆时间：时间的读法有以下方法：
一般直接按照表示时间的数字来读。另外英语中的15分钟也可以说成a quarter,如：
8:30读作：eight thirty
4:15读作:a quarter past four
要点精讲5：分数的构成
分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。
►1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths
【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法：
►a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一three quarters=three fourths 四分之三
要点精讲6：其他重要表达方式：
half an hour半小时
one and a half hours 等于one hour and a half一个半小时
in one’s thirties在某人30多岁(区别：in the thirties在30年代)
an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩
a 100-meter-long bridge一座100米长的桥
a ten-minute walk=ten minutes' walk步行10分钟的路程
two more hours=another two hours再多两个小时
七、数词用法分类训练
分类训练一：单句填空/改错（高考真题）
1.（2023全国甲卷）Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables
date to the 62 (six) century, B. C.
答案：sixth
解析：考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。
century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
2.（2021新高考II卷）I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the
Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
答案：seventh
解析：考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序
数词，所以填seventh。
3.（2019全国II卷,改错）Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English
teacher so much.
答案：five改为fifth
解析：考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词，故将 five改
为fifth。如果是Grade在前，则可以用基数词。
分类训练二：单句填空（最新模拟）
1. The junk floats around ________ (hundred) of kilometers above the earth. Experts say the main worry is that such
debris will hit a space station, satellite or other equipment.
2. This year, Remila spent her ________ (five) Spring Festival aboard the carrier.
3. There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late ________ (eighty).
4.Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ________ (three) of the global population living
in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year.
5.Two thirds of the region ________ (pollute) in the past decade.
6.A woman in her ________ (sixty) told him her husband had died of cancer a week earlier.
7.The majority of the inhabitants (居民) left for the mainland in the early ________ (1990).
8.My parents frequently traveled for work, sometimes as far as Hainan Province when I was a child, and they used to
return home every few ________ (month).
9. All those secondhand goods are sold at 30% __________low a price as before.
10. This is the __________ (twelve) boy I’ve met this week that likes skating.
【答案】
1.hundreds 2.fifth 3.eighties 4.third 5.has been polluted 6.sisties 7.1990s/1990’s 8.months 9.as 10.twelfth分类训练三：语法填空（外刊原创）
China’s new large amphibious aircraft goes into production and final assembly
中国新型大型水陆两栖飞机进入批量生产
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s new large amphibious aircraft – the 1 biggest in the world – has gone into batch production and
final assembly, state news agency Xinhua reported.
The plane, known 2 the AG600, is designed for maritime patrols and search and rescue operations. From
the southern island province of Hainan, it could reach any location in the South China Sea within four hours and it
could be used for cargo or passenger transport between islands, according to state media.
Its 3 (develop), the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC), told Xinhua on Tuesday that the
front assembly for the first batch-produced AG600 4 (deliver) on June 30. It said the delivery of the plane’s
front section – which took three months 5 (make) – marked the start of batch production of the aircraft.
Final assembly of the amphibious plane will 6 (do) in the southern city of Zhuhai, in Guangdong province,
by AVIC subsidiary AVIC General Huanan Aircraft Industry Co, Xinhua reported.
The AG600 was developed to meet 7 (grow) demand for an emergency rescue aircraft 8 could
be used in maritime searches. Work started on the plane in 2014, with maiden flights 9 (conduct) over
land in 2017 and at sea in 2020, according to state media reports. Airworthiness tests began this year.
China is trying to develop 10 (many) home-grown aircraft – like the AG600, the Y-20 large transport
plane and the C919 single-aisle passenger jet – under a government plan to upgrade production equipment across
industries through 2027.
【参考答案】
1. the 2. as 3. developer 4. was delivered 5. to make 6. be done 7. growing 8. that/ which 9. conducted
10. more
【详细解析】
1. the 考查冠词。形容词最高级前应用定冠词the，故填the。
2. as 考查介词。分析句意可知，此处指该飞机被称为AG600，be known as意为“被称为……；被认为
是……；以……著称”，为固定表达，故填介词as。
3. developer 考查名词。根据句意可知，此处表“开发者；开发商”，故填名词developer。4. was delivered 考查时态语态。分析句子结构和句意可知，本空在句中作谓语，因讲述过去发生的事情，时
态用一般过去时，又因句子主语和所给的动词deliver之间是被动关系，故填一般过去时的被动语态。
5. to make 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定表达Sth. takes some time to do，表示某事需
要一定的时间来完成或实现，故填动词不定式。
6. be done 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，本空在句中作谓语，因句子主语和动词do之间是被动关系，
故填be done，和句中的will构成一般将来时的被动语态。
7. growing 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，本空在句中作定语，修饰demand，表示“增长的；增加的”，
故填形容词growing。
8. that/ which 考查定语从句关系词。本句是一个限制性定语从句，先行词emergency rescue aircraft指物，
关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。
9. conducted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是with的复合结构，因动词conduct和with的宾语
maiden flights之间是被动关系，故填过去分词作宾语补足语。
10. more 考查形容词比较级。根据句子结构和句意可知，本空在句中作定语，修饰home-grown aircraft，表
示更多的，故填many的比较级more。注意aircraft单复数同形。
【参考译文】
据新华社报道，中国新型大型水陆两栖飞机——世界上最大的水陆两栖飞机——已经进入批量生产和总装。
该飞机被称为AG600，设计用于执行海上巡逻和搜救任务。根据官方媒体报道，从海南岛出发，它可以在
四小时内到达南海的任何地点，还可以用于岛屿之间的货物运输或输送乘客。
据新华社周二报道，开发商中国航空工业集团有限公司（AVIC）表示，用于首批批量生产的AG600前部
组件已于6月30日交付。
该公司表示，飞机前部的交付——耗时三个月制造完成——标志着该飞机开始进入批量生产阶段。
新华社报道说，这架水陆两栖飞机的最终总装在广东省珠海市，由中国航空工业集团子公司中航华南飞机
工业有限公司完成。
根据官方媒体的报道，AG600的开发是为了满足对紧急救援飞机日益增长的需求，该飞机可用于海上搜救。
飞机的研发工作始于2014年，2017年在陆地上进行了首飞，2020年在海上进行了首飞，今年开始进行适航测
试。
中国正在努力开发更多的国产飞机，例如AG600、Y-20大型运输机和C919单通道客机，这些都是政府计
划到2027年前升级各行业生产设备的一部分。
