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专题 08 定语从句（解析版）
知识点梳理
Part 1：
1. 引导定语从句的关系词；
2. 限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；
3. “介词＋关系代词”的结构；
4. 关系词之间的异同及选用。
知识点1 定语从句的种类
(1)限制性定语从句
从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。
This is the house which we bought last month.
(2)非限制性定语从句
从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人
称单数。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
知识点2 关系代词与关系副词
Do you know the man who is talking with your
who 人 主语
mother?
whom,which
Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working.
whom人 宾语 和 that 在从句
关
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. 中作宾语时,常
系
I like those books whose topics are about history.
可以省略,但介
人 、
代 whose 定语 词提前时后面
物
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
关系代词不能
词
A plane is a machine that can fly.
省略,也不可以
人 、主 语 、
that 用that
物 宾语
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which物
主 语 、
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was
宾语
terrible.
人 、主 语 、 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. as作宾语一般
as
物 宾语 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 不省略
时 间 状 可用 on which
when 时间 I will never forget the day when we met there.
关 语 替换
系 地 点 状 可用 in which
where地点 This is the house where I was born.
副 语 替换
词 原 因 状I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my 可用 for which
why 原因
语 offer. 替换
知识点3 关系代词that和which的特殊用法
1. 限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词that的情况：
(1)先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词。
I will tell you everything that I know.
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。
What is the first foreign city that you have ever been to?
(3)先行词被the only, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, no, little, much, some等限定词修饰。
Chatting is the only thing that interests her.
(4)先行词中既有人也有物。
The things and persons that they mentioned are strange to me.
(5)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
Who is the boy that is lying under the tree?
2. 先行词指物时，只用关系代词which的情况：
(1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中。
The house in which we live is very large.
(2)非限制性定语从句中。
He changed his mind, which made me angry.
(3)先行词本身是that。
What is that which you have put into your schoolbag just now?
知识点4 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意
限制性定语 The accident happened at the
思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密
从句 time when I left.
切,写时不用逗号分开
非限制性定 对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是
His mother,whom he loved
语从句 十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作
deeply,died ten years ago.
宾语时也不能省略
知识点5 关系代词as和which的区别
1. 位置不同。
as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。
As we all know, life is not a bed of roses.
Life is not a bed of roses, which we all know.
2. 意义不同。
as意为“正如，就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承上启下的
作用；which意为“这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结
果。
As often happened, they won the football game again.
It rained heavily, which prevented us from going out.
3. 当先行词被such, so, as等词修饰时，一般用as引导定语从句。
Such books as you want are sold out.
Part 2：高考真题精选
1（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________
live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案：that
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力
的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关
系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词
that。故填that。
2（2022 全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his
eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
答案：who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三
个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为CaoShengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a
small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate
change.
答案：that/who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加
的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句
且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
4（2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it
an email urging it to cut back.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦
促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a
company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
5（2021浙江卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of
whether someone is a healthy weight.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重
是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
6（2021天津卷）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find
comfort in the natural world.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
答案：A
解析：考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适
感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词 when引导。故
选A。
7（2020新课标 I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China
first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to thespacecraft and to Earth.
答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可
以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关
系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
8（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the
day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.
答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记
忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词 everything，关
系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
9（2020新课标III卷）In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almost lifelike.
答案：whose
解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先
行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
10（2019新课标II卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，
_________she opened with her late husband Les.
答案：which
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中
作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
11（2019 新课标 III 卷）They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with
caring for these animals.
答案：who/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有
经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
12（2019浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
13（2019北京卷）The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与)
in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).
答案：who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。______ are
totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，
故填who。
14（2018 新课标 I 卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014
___________showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early
deaths from all causes.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句，先行词为study，在定语从句中作主语，所以用which或that引导。
15（2018 新课标 II 卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the
government started a soil-testing program ________gives specific fertilizer recommendations to
farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。先行词为program，在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导。
16（2018浙江卷）Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries
once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
答案：who/that
解析：考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关
系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
17（2018·北京）She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which B. who
C. as D. that
答案：A
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____
helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
18（2017新课标I卷）Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)
between meals and will improve the taste of your food. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of
both, _________is not good for the health.
答案：which
解析：本题主要考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，主句主谓完整，定语从句缺少主语且从句前有
逗号，故此处应填入关系代词 which，故正确答案为 which。
19（2017新课标III卷）But Sarah, ___________has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove
that she has brains as well as beauty.
答案：who
解析：考查定语从句。先行词是Sarah，因此引导定语从句应使用who。
20（2016 新课标 I 卷）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the
mid-1980s, ____________I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit
caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。划线处后面I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit
caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.是一个完整的句子，且先行词he mid-1980s，故答
案为when。
21（2016新课标III卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，___________lived
from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.
答案：who
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Confucius孔子，
定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
22（2015 新课标 I 卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone
mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese
paintings.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。先行词为Li River，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词。句意：漓江被许多艺术家所绘画。故用that/which。
23（2014新课标I卷）Maybe you leave a habit ________is driving your family crazy.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句，先行词是 a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which
指代先行词，在句做主语，不能省略。故填which/that。
