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专题 12 定语从句
（解析版）
三年真题
1. 【2022·全国新 I 卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species
________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the
area.
1. that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在 Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，
并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在
从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
2. 【2022·全国甲卷】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___87___ lost his
eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
2. who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省
的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为 Cao Shengkang，指人，
在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3. 【2022·浙江】Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a
small but growing minority of academics _____ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate
change.
3. who##that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的
少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词 academics后为定语从句且在从
句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
4. 【2021·全国新高考II卷】I decided that if I learned of a company_______ used a lot of plastic, I'd
send it an email urging it to cut back.
4. which##that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它
减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， 4 used a lot of plastic 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 acompany，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
5. 【2021·北京】When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the
day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.
5. that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联
系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词 everything，关系词在定
语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
6. 【2021·浙江】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of
whether someone is a healthy weight.
6. that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否
健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
7. 【2021·天津】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we
can learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
7. A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避
免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语
从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用
from which引导定语从句。故选A。
8. 【2021·天津】At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their
skills and teach the visitors.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
8. A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给
参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾
表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选A。
9. 【2021·天津】 In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us
find comfort in the natural world.
A．when B．where C．what D．which
9. A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。
此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。
10. 【2020·全国I卷】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China
first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______ it could send signals to the
spacecraft and to Earth
10. where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在
这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代
先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
11. 【2020·全国III卷】In ancient China lived an artist_____ paintings were almost lifelike.
11. whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词
artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
12. 【2020·天津】Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to
his grandson.
A．which B．when C．where D．who
12. B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙
子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the early 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。
故选B。
13. 【2020·天津】Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own
typing.
A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which
13. A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary
resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰 Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr.
Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。
14. 【2020·江苏】Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
A．whose B．which C．when D．whom
14. B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。
故选B。
考频统计
在2020-2022年三年高考真题中， 定语从句的考查频率统计如下：
定语从句 考频 出处
【2022·全国新I卷】【2022·全国甲卷】【2022·浙江】
关系代词 9次 【2021·新高考II卷】【2021·北京】【2021·浙江】
【2020·全国III卷】【2020·天津】【2020·江苏】
关系副词 4次 【2021·天津】【2020·全国I卷】【2020·天津】
介词+关系代词 1次 【2021·天津】
考点清单
一、定语从句的概念及分类
1. 什么是定语？ 哪些成分可以做定语？
修饰限制名词或代词的成分叫做定语，常做定语的有形容词、名词、介词短语、定语从句。
2. 限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句
类别 形式 意义 关键词使用的区别 例句
作宾语时关系代词可省略；
限制性定 不可或缺，去掉 This is the house (which)
不用逗号 可用 that；可用 who 代替
语从句 后意义不完整 we bought last month.
whom
对先行词的补充 作宾语时关系代词不可省 The house, which we
非限制性 用逗号和主
说明，去掉后意 略；不可用 that；不能用 bought last month, is very
定语从句 句分开
思完整 who代替whom nice.
二、定语从句的构成
定语从由三部分构成： 先行词+关系词+定语从句
e.g.:
This was the house that/which Lu Xun once lived in.
This was the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
This was the house where Lu Xun once lived.
三、定语从句的关系词
1. 关系词的三种作用
a. 引导定语从句 b. 指代先行词 c. 在定语从句中充当成分
2. 关系词的分类及具体用法
具体用 在从句中作的成分 例句法
即指人
that 主语、宾语、表语 After this he is not the man that he used to be.
又指物
关
系 which 指物 主语、宾语 This is the room in which I lived when I was young.
代
词 who 指人 主语、宾语 The boy who was in the office yesterday is my brother.
指人 I have many friends to whom I am going to send
whom 宾语
postcards.
即指人 This is the student whose handwriting is the best in our
whose 定语
又指物 school.
指物 As we all know, working out regularly is of great help to
as 主语、宾语
our health.
关 when 指时间 时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
系
副 指地点 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled
where 地点状语
词 down.
why 指原因 原因状语 I'd like to know the reason why you are so late.
3. that和which的区别
关系词 口诀 用法 例句
“两 先行词既有人又有物时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory
” that we have heard of?
只用 “代 先行词是不定代词，或由不定代词修 They said nothing that hurt our teacher.
that不 ” 饰时
用 “序 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被 The first place that they visited in London was
which ” 其修饰时 the Big Ben.
“限 先行词被the very, the only等修饰时 The old car is the only thing that he owns
” now.
“重 两个从句且其中一个已用 which，避 Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
” 免重复
“非 非限制性定语从句 The novel, which I have read three times, is
” very touching.
只用
which “介 关系代词前有介词时 The reason for which he refused the invitation
不用 ” is not clear.
that
“重 先行词本身是that时 What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
”
4. as和which的区别
区别 说明 例句
as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前、之 The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know.
在位置上区别 中或之后，which引导的定语从句一般不
(= As we all know, the Pacific... = The Pacific,
放在主句之前 as we all know, ...)
as引导的定语从句在语意上要和主句保持 He made a long speech, as we expected.
在意义上区别 一致， 常译为“正如......,像......”,表示说
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
话人的态度和观点；which常译为“这一点”，表示对主句进行补充说明。
5. “介词+关系代词”的用法
情况 说明 例句
从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之
前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，关系 The man with whom you shook hands just
介词+关系代词
代词可用 which, whom, 不可用 that, now is our English teacher.
who
I'll never forget the time during which I
与先行词搭配
spent my childhood in the countryside.
介词的选用
The colorless gas without which we cannot
与从句的动词搭配
live is called oxygen.
变式练习
基础练
1. I discussed it with my brother, is a lawyer.
2. 1 have found a shop has everything we need.
3. This is the girl pronunciation is the best in our class.
4. We will never forget the days we stayed at that beautiful countryside.
5. The place they will go is their hometown.
6. Can you explain the reason you don't want to hep him?
7. When Elias met Mandela,he was in a situation he was treated badly.
8. Her son, she was devoted, wen abroad ten years ago.
9. Anne was a Jewish girl diary has been read widely all over the world.
10. They will fly to Beijing, they plan to stay for two days.
参考答案：
1. who 2.which/that 3. whose 4. when 5. where
6. why 7. where 8. to whom 9. whose 10. where
提升练
1. Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.
2. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.
3. When 1 arrived, Bryan took me to see the house 1 would be saying,
4. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese
dreams come true.
5. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.
6. Jack says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood.7. There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.
8. This is the very plan for the summer holiday was suggested by his father.
9. He is the one does the most of the talking.
10. is announced in today's paper, they have succeeded in solving many problems in accordance
with the new theory.
参考答案：
1. where 2. whom 3. where 4. which 5. whose
6. which 7. as 8. that 9. who 10. As
