文档内容
专题 10 名词性从句(解析版)
知识点梳理
Part 1:
1. 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法;
2. 易混引导词的辨析;
3. 名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的区分。
知识点1 基本用法
what, which, who, whose, whom, 有词义,在从句中担任主语、表
连接代词
whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 语、宾语、或定语等成分
how, when, where, why, however,
连接副词 有词义,在从句中担任状语成分
whenever, wherever
除that外均有词义,在从句中不
从属连词 that, whether, if
担任成分,只起连接作用
知识点2 主语从句
1. 引导词
在复合句中充当主句主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句的常见引导词有:
(1)从属连词: that, whether, if
(2)连接代词:what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
(3)连接副词:how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever
2. it作形式主语
在通常情况下,that引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,而将that从句置于句尾。用it作形式
主语通常有以下四种句型:
(1)It+be+形容词+从句:
It is necessary that... 有必要……
It is important that... 重要的是……
It is obvious that... 很明显……
(2)It+be+过去分词+从句:
It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It has been decided that... 已决定……
(3)It+be+名词(短语)+从句:It is common knowledge that... ……是常识
It is a surprise that... 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that... 事实是……
(4)It+不及物动词/动词短语+从句:
It appears that... 似乎……
It happens that... 碰巧……
It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想起……
It doesn’t matter whether... ……没有关系
知识点3 宾语从句
介词+wh-类连接词引导的 His father is worried about whether he would lose his
宾语从句 work.
Have you heard anything beyond that he is ill?
besides/beyond/but/except/that
(除了) Criticism and self-criticism is necessary but that it helps
us correct our mistakes.
find,feel,think,consider,mak
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water
e,believe等+it+宾语补足语+that
every day.
引导的宾语从句
hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,s
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.
ee to等+it+宾语从句
形容词+宾语从句 I’m sure that they can make it.
知识点4 表语从句
1. 引导词
在复合句中充当表语的从句叫作表语从句,可接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, look, sound,
taste, feel, remain, appear等。表语从句的常见引导词有:
(1)从属连词: that, whether
(2)连接代词: what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
(3)连接副词: how, when, where, why
2. 几种特殊的表语从句
(1) as if/though 引导的表语从句
此类表语从句常出现在seem, look, sound, taste, feel, appear等连系动词后,从句可用陈述语气,
也可用虚拟语气。
It sounds as if you are from Canada.
It seemed as if she had heard the news.(2) because和why引导的表语从句
此类表语从句常用于以下句型:
this/that is why... 这/那是……的原因
this/that is because... 这/那是因为……
注意:主句主语是reason时,表语从句一般由that引导,而不用because或why。
The accident that happened yesterday was because the driver had been drunk.
The reason for yesterday’s accident is that the driver was drunk.
知识点5 同位语从句
同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他
引导词
的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略
The news that our women volleyball team had won the
championship encouraged us all greatly.
例句
The question where we shall have a meeting hasn’t been decided.
知识点6 连词whether和if在名词性从句中的使用
1. 用whether或if均可的情况
(1) whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时,两者均可。
(2) it作形式主语,且主语从句在句末时,两者均可引导主语从句。
It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall study abroad.
2. 用whether而不用if的情况
(1)主语从句和宾语从句置于句首
Whether we will go camping depends on the weather.
Whether he will succeed, I can’t say.
(2)引导表语从句和同位语从句
The question is whether we can get in touch with him.
He must answer the question whether he will attend the meeting.
(3)引导介词的宾语从句
Everything depends on whether we have free time.
(4)引导词与or not连用
He doesn’t know whether or not he is going to stay.
(5)引导词后接to do
They needed more time to consider whether to hold a meeting.
(6)有些动词如discuss, decide等后的宾语从句We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.
(7)避免用if引导产生歧义
Let me know whether you are coming to our party.
Part 2:高考真题精选
1(2022新高考II卷)“I don't know ___________ to thank him.”
答案:how
解析:考查宾语从句。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词
+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。
2(2022年浙江1月)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak
______ she could do so remotely.
答案:if/whether
解析:考查宾语从句。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显
然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句,宾语从句句意不完整,whether/if“是否”符合语境,故填whether
或if。
3.(2021.6新高考1卷)
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding
Road". 1 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
【答案】what
【解析】1: 考查名词性从句。分析题目,空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知,_____is so
breathing about the experience 作 is 的主语,为主语从句。从句中缺少主语,指代事情;且空格位于
句首。故填What。
4(2021 新课标 I 卷)_____________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world
scenes.
答案:what
解析:考查主语从句。句意为:这段经历让人叹为观止的是那些超凡脱俗的场景。引导主语从句,在
从句中作主语,表示"……的东西",故填What.5(2021 年北京卷)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she
lived.
答案:where
解析:考查宾语从句。句意:这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句,
根据句意,此处用where“在哪里;……的地方”符合句意,从句中作地点状语,故填where。
6(2021年天津卷)It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.
A. when B. where C. what D. whether
答案:C
解析:考查宾语从句。句意:似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词 become后面是宾语从
句,从句缺少引导词,且从句中的be缺少表语,所填词应该起双重作用。故选C
7.(2021.3 天津卷)What puzzles Lily's friends is she always has so many crazy ideas.
A. whether B. why C. what D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意:令 Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的
想法。A. whether是否;B.why为什么;C. what什么; D.when什么时间,当……的时候。分析成分
结构句子,该空需要一个表语从句的连接词。再结合句意可知,应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有
这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选:B。
8. (2020江苏高考真题)It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A. whether B. why C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。A. whether是
否;B. why为什么;C. when什么时候;D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知,此
处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”,it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选
A。
9. (2020天津高考真题)The student completed this experiment to make come true __________
Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。
_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,
表示”……所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
10. (2020浙江高考真题)Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 57 could be
hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依
赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应
为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
11(2020年浙江卷)Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or
gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
答案:what
解析:考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,
而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为
“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
12(2020年北京卷)Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys
cooking, ask them __________you can join in when it's possible.
答案:if/whether
解析:考查连词。句意:问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾
语从句,从句成分完整,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if/whether。
13 (2020·江苏卷)It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A. whether B. why C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。A. whether是
否;B. why为什么;C. when什么时候;D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知,此
处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”,it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选
A。14(2020·天津卷)The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor
Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。
_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,
表示”……所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
15.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】25.Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding
its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺
句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
16.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range
all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同
位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
17.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they
go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达
去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
18.【2018·北京】11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,
when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可
知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。点睛:表语从句是指一个句子充当表语,通俗的说就是系动词be后面接一个句子。连接表语从句的
连接词有that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how等。
19(2018新课标III卷)I'm not sure __________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)
that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
答案:who
解析:考查宾语从句。从句中缺少主语,逗号后面是me or the gorilla,并且后文用her来指代猩猩,
将其拟人化了,因此用"who"。
20.【2018·北京】15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for
the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,
when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可
知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
点睛:what是常见的名词性从句引导词之一,它除了引导从句作用之外,还在从句中做主语,宾语,
表语或者定语。根据不同的语境,what可以表示不同的意思,例如“……的东西或事情”,“……的人
或样子”等。
21.【2018·天津】9. The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle
race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子
可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。
点睛:分析句子可知,空格处做be awarded to的宾语,同时在后面的从句中做主语,再根据句意可
知,这里主语指人,故用whoever。
22.【2018·江苏】21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句。分析句意可知,这里用连接副词how引导
表语从句,充当方式状语,表示“如何”。故选D。
点睛:本题考查表语。首先需要弄清句意及分析句子结构,然后根据前句By boat is the only way to
get here提示可知作方式状语,就不难选出正确答案。
23.【2018·新课标II卷·短文改错】The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be
very useful later in my life.
【答案】where改为when
【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意:当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的
生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语,而是时间状语。故把where改为
when。
24.【2017·北京】23. Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:A. whatever 任何事 B. whoever 任何人 C. whomever 任何人 D. whichever无论
哪个。句意:每年,任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句,
缺少主语,用连接代词,根据意思可知是人获奖,故排除 A、D,因为需要作主语,只能用主格代
词who+ever,故选B。
考点:考查连词。
25.【2017·江苏】26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of
_______ it used to charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句的引导词。"half of _________ it used to charge"是$20的同位语,即原来
价格的一半是现在的$20;另外,of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语,所以,这里是宾语从句;宾
语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语,所以用what来引导宾语从句,并充当宾语从句的宾语,故选C。
【名师点睛】
这里容易误判为定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构,需要注意的是,half of后面的价格是以前的
价格。
如果是定语从句,那么half of后面的价格则是$20的一半,即$10,再结合“down to”可知,原来的
价格高于$20,因此不是定语从句。
介词of后跟宾语,因此这里是宾语从句,通过分析句子成分可知,宾语从句缺少宾语,因此用
what引导。
26.【2017·天津】4. She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I
hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:句意:他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候;
B.在哪里;C是否;D.什么。根据句意,故选C
考点:考查宾语从句。
【名师点睛】本题是对宾语从句中连词的考查。对于宾语从句的连词的确定,首先确定连词的词义,
然后根据句意判断出正确的连词,本句的句意很明显,确定为是否。