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专题 05 介词（原卷版）
知识点梳理
Part 1：
1. 常见介词的基本用法；
2. 介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。
知识点1 表示时间的介词
1. at, on, in
(1)at表示时间点，在某时某刻，泛指周末、圣诞节、复活节等时，也用 at。(2)on 表示在具体
的某一天、星期几或某天的上午、下午、晚上。(3)in 表示时间段，在某世纪、某年、某季度、某月
以及泛指的上午、下午、晚上。
常见的固定表达有：at dawn/daybreak 在黎明时，at dusk 在傍晚，at noon 在中午，at night 在
夜间，at midnight 在午夜，at Christmas 在圣诞节期间，at the age of five 在五岁时，on Sunday 在星
期天，on Christmas Day 在圣诞节，in the 21st century 在21世纪，in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代，
in winter 在冬季，in September 在九月，in the morning 在上午。
2. for, during, through
(1)for后接一段时间，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用。(2)during 表示“在……期间”。
(3)through 表示“一直……，自始至终”。
She has been ill for several days.
I went to France during the summer vacation.
They worked hard through the winter.
3. from, since
(1) from表示时间的起点，可译作“从……”，多用于 from...to/till...结构中。(2)since 表示“自
从……以来(直到现在)”。
You can come any time from Monday to Friday.
We have known each other since ten years ago.
注意：for 和 since 都常与完成时连用，但 for 接时间段，since 接时间点。如 for two hours
(持续)两小时，since last week 从上周直到现在。
4. before, by, till, until
(1)before表示“在……之前”，与 after 相对。(2)by 表示“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以
前”。其后接过去时间时，常与过去完成时连用；后接将来时间时，常与将来完成时连用。(3)till/until 表示“直到……为止”。在肯定句中，必须与延续性动词连用；在否定句中，常与非延续性动
词连用。
Please come before ten o’clock.
We had learned over 1，000 words by the end of last term.
You must wait for him till/until tomorrow.
I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock.
5. after, in
after与 in 都可表示“在……之后”。after 后可跟时间段，也可跟时间点；而 in 后必须跟时
间段。after 既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时；而 in 只能用于将来时。
The meeting will end after 3∶00 pm.
I’ll arrive in an hour.
知识点2 表示方位的介词
1. at, in, on
(1)at表示在某地点，后接较小的地方或门牌号码。(2)in 后接较大的地方或某个范围。(3)on 表
示与面或线接触，后接道路、街道等。
She lives at 78 Wuhan Road.
They arrived in Beijing yesterday.
She lives on Zhongshan Road.
2. on, above, over
(1)on表示“在……上”，并与之相接触。(2)above 表示“在……的上方”，高于某物，但不一
定是正上方，与 below 相对。(3)over 表示“在……的正上方”，高于某物，与 under 相对。
He put the dictionary on the desk.
An airplane flew above the clouds.
He is holding an umbrella over his head.
3. below, under
(1)below表示“在……下面，低于”，不一定是在正下方。(2)under 表示“在……的正下方”，
指垂直方向上。
He saw many hills and rivers below the plane.
There is a chair under the table.
4. in, on, to
(1)in表示在某一范围内。(2)on 表示与某一地区“接壤，毗邻”。(3)to 表示两个地方之间有一
段距离。
Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia. It faces the Pacific Ocean on the east. 日本在亚洲东部(范围内)，中国东面(不接壤)。它东临太平洋(接壤)。
5. across, through
(1)across表示“横穿”，指从物体的表面穿过。(2)through表示“穿过，贯穿”，指从人群或某
个空间内穿过。
He walked across the road carefully.
The path goes through the forest.
知识点3 表示方式的介词
表示方式的介词有：(1)by 表示用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具。(2)in 表示用某种语言、
材料、颜色、方式等。(3)with 表示用有形的工具、身体部位或器官等。(4)through 表示“通过，凭
借”。
Karen studies Chinese by reading aloud in the morning.
Can you write an essay in English?
Remove the meat with a fork and divide it into four pieces.
You can only achieve success through hard work.
知识点4 常用介词区别
since指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用;from指从时
表示时间的since,from
间的某一点开始
in指在一段时间之后;after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过
表示时间的in,after
去时的一段时间中
表示地理位置的in,on,to in表示在某范围内;on指与什么毗邻;to指在某环境范围之外
表示“在……上”的
on只表示在某物的表面上;in表示占去某物一部分
on,in
表示“穿过”的 through表示从内部通过,与in有关;across表示在表面上通过,
through,across 与on有关
表示“关于”的about,on about指涉及;on指专门论述
between与among的区别 between表示在两者之间;among用于三者或三者以上的中间
with表示使用具体的工具;in表示使用某种材料、方式、方
表示“用”的in,with和
法、度量、单位、语言、声音;表示使用交通方式多用by,名词前
by
不加冠词,用in或on时,名词前要加冠词
as意为“作为,以……地位或身份”;like意为“像……一
as与like的区别
样”,指情形相似
in与into的区别 in通常表示位置(静态);into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置
besides表示包含,“除……之外还有……”;except表示排除,
表示“除……之外”的介 “除……之外”,不放在句首;but表示排除,多与nobody,none,no
词 one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用;except for表示
“除……之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。apartfrom表示“此外,除……之外还有……”,相当于besides/as well as
for表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词
连用;at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到……
而……”;from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等;of指
表示原因的介词
“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等;with指生理上或情感上
的由外界到内心的原因;by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造
成某种结果的原因
知识点5 常用介词短语
in a sense从某种意义上说;in common共同,共有;in place在适当的位置;in
practice在实践中,实际上;in public公开地,当众;in turn依次,轮流,反过来;in
case以免,万一;in detail详细地;in office在执政;in power当权,在执政;in
in
progress在进行中;in return作为回报;in time及时,最终;in the way挡路;in
exchange for用以交换……;in favour of同意,支持;in the meanwhile同时;in
spite of不管,不顾;in terms of就……来说;in addition to此外,除……以外
on behalf of代表;on condition that以……作为条件;on sale出售;on strike
on 在罢工;on the increase正在增加;on the go忙个不停;on the air正在广播;on the
contrary相反
under control在控制之中;under discussion在讨论中;under development在
under
发展中;under construction在建设中;under repair在修理中
for for lack of由于缺乏;for the benefit of为了……的利益;as for就……而论,关于
by by chance=by accident偶然,碰巧;by name用名字,名叫;by far到目前为止
out of order发生故障,失调;out of place不得其所的,不适当的;out of
out of control失去控制;out of one’s reach某人够不着的地方;out of the question不可
能;out of question毫无疑问
of great value=very valuable;of great help=very helpful;of great
of+抽象名词 importance=very important;of great use=very useful;of significance=significant;of
interest=interesting;of benefit=beneficial
amazement (惊奇),admiration (羡慕),annoyance (烦恼),astonishment (惊
奇),delight (欣喜),amusement (娱乐),despair(绝望),disappointment(失
to+one’s+情
望),embarrassment(难堪),happiness(幸福),horror (恐怖),joy (高兴),puzzlement
感名词
(疑惑),relief (放心),satisfaction (满意),regret (遗憾),shame (羞愧),sorrow (悲
伤),surprise (惊讶)Part 2：高考真题精选
1.（2022 年新高考 1 卷）Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing
protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
2.（2022全国甲卷） He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to
hike back to Xi’an in five months.
3.（2022全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially
___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
4.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）It was built originally to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and
has now been completely restored（修复）.
5.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure
travel, various types 6 trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
6.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI
increased 5 2.1 in women and men.
7.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） In 1844 they bought it 2 ＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles
Dresser...
8.（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help.
9.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework.
10.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove， I waited
patiently unless the oil was hot.
11.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of
good fortune and wealth.12.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice
together on every day.
13.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 ． earth,
Mother Nature.
14. （2020·江苏卷单项填空）Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who shares your
interests.
A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D. in memory of
15．（2020·天津卷单项填空）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey.
A．in the shape of B．beyond the reach of
C．at the mercy of D．on the side of
16.（2020·山东卷语法填空）Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other
amusements.
17.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to
18.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees'
professional development.
A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape
19.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been
employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
20.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，
seven to be exact.
21.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___
this question is not clear.
22.【2018·北京】14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
23.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went
___________.
A. at first B. after all
C. above all D. at random
24.【2018·江苏】33. China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of
China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to
C. in return for D. in honour of
25.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd
been observing.
26.【2017·天津卷】12. When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____
trees that are over 1,000 years old.
A. among B. against C. behind D. below
27.【2017·天津卷】13. We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to
word hard.
A. On average B. At best C. in return D. After all
28.【2017·江苏卷】32.Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for
our survival.
A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to
29.【2017·北京卷】35. Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
