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专题 03 代词(解析版)
知识点梳理
Part 1:
1. 人称代词;
2. 物主代词;
3. 反身代词;
4. 不定代词;
5. it的用法。
知识点1 人称代词;物主代词;反身代词
单数 I me my mine myself
第一人称
复数 we us our ours ourselves
单数 you you your yours yourself
第二人称
复数 you you your yours yourselves
he him his his himself
单数 she her her hers herself
第三人称 It It Its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
知识点2
疑问代词 who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever
关系代词 that,which,who,whom,whose,as
one/ some/ any,each/ every,none/ no,many/ much,few/ little/ a few/ a
普通不定代词
不定 little,other/ another,all/ both,neither/ either
代词 something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyb
复合不定代词
ody, everyone, no one/none,someone,anyone
相互代词 each other,one another知识点3 常见代词用法比较
1. each, both, all, either, any, neither, none用法辨析
both 两者全都
all 三者及以上全都
either 两者任一
与not连用
全体中任一
表全部否定
any 三者及以上任一
neither 两者都不
全体都不 表全部否定
none 三者及以上都不
2. one, it, that, those用法辨析
it 特指同一事物 替代单数可数名词,也可指代前面整个句子内容。
替代单数可数名词,同the one,或替代不可数名词,后接
that 特指同类事物
of。
those 特指同类事物 替代复数可数名词,同the ones,后接定语或接of结构。
3. other, another, others用法辨析
作形容词,后接单数名词,表“另一,又一”;还用于 another+数词+复
another
数名词。
others 表泛指,the others指“剩余全部”,常见形式some...(the) others。
4. many, much, some, any, little, few用法辨析
much 修饰不可数名词,谓语用单数;作副词修饰比较级。
修饰名词,常用于肯定句中。与复数名词或不可数名词连用,
some 表“一些”;修饰单数名词,表“某一”;作副词,用于数词
前,表“大约”。
一些
修饰名词,用于否定句和疑问句中,与不可数名词或复数名词
any 连用;用于肯定句中时,修饰单数名词,表“任一”;作副词
修饰比较级。
修饰不可数名词,谓语用单数;作副词修饰比较级;not a little
少量 (a)little
表“非常,很”,而not a bit表示“一点也不”。(a)few 修饰名词复数,谓语用复数。
知识点4 it的用法
形式 It is difficult to understand why she barks 真正的主语由不定式、动词-
形式 主语 every minute she is outside. ing形式或从句充当
成分 形式 Susan made it clear to me that she wished 真正的宾语由不定式、动词-
宾语 to make a new life for herself. ing形式或从句充当
It was under the bed that my brother hid the
强调 ball this morning. 指人时可以用who或that,其
句型 It is Mr Bell who/that often comes and 他情况一律用that
looks after the old man.
常见的it句型
1.It is a pity/shame that...真可惜……
2.It is no wonder that...难怪……
3.It seems/appears that...似乎/看起来……
4.It looks/seems as if/though...看起来好像……
5.It happened that...碰巧……
6.It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb.that...某人突然想起……
7.It is said/reported that...据说/据报道……
8.It is no use /good doing...做……没有用/好处。
9.It takes sb.some time to do...做……花费某人多长时间。
10.It is certain that... ……是一定的。
11.See to it that...确保……
12.Count on/rely on/depend on it that...相信……
13.as someone puts it 像某人说的那样
14.When it comes to...当涉及/谈到……
15.I can’t help it...我没办法/情不自禁……
16.I take it that...我理解的是……
17.It’s (high) time that sb. did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。
18.It’s the first/second/...time that sb.have/has done sth.这是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事了。
19.It is/has been...since...自从……已经过了……时间了。
20.It will be/was...before...要过……时间才……/在……之前已过了……时间。
21.I hate/enjoy/appreciate/dislike/love/like/prefer it when/if...我讨厌/喜欢/感激……Part 2:高考真题精选
,
1.(2022全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony
opening _____ _____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
答案:its
解析:考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗
真—普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
2.(2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空)As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear",
and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in 9 (I).
【答案】mine
【解析】考查代词。根据提示词可知,句意为:这首歌必定会留在我的记忆中。句中 it指代the
song, does指代动词sticks,空格处应指 my memory, 为了避免重复,用名词性物主代词来代替
"形容词性物主代词 + 名词"。故填mine。
3.(2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空)Ecotourism has 3 (it) origin with the environmental movement of
the 1970s.
【答案】its
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。空格所填词与空后的 origin一起作has的宾语;同时与空后的
origin构成限定关系,因此应填形容词物主代词。句意:生态旅游业起源于20世纪70年代的环保运
动。故填its。
4.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6 (she),
everything in good taste and in perfect order."
【答案】herself
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:她非常漂亮,并且她的房子就是她的写照,每件东西都摆放整齐,
品味也很好。
5.(2020·新课标I卷语法填空)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69 ice and other
treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base
are practical.69.【答案】much
【解析】考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国
决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。
70.【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故
填its。
6.(2020·新课标I卷短文改错)"Not that way,"my mom tried to stop us but failed.
【答案】将us改为me
【解析】考查代词。句意:“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我,但是失败了。根据上文可知,是
作者一个人做菜,此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”,应使用第一人称单数的宾格,故将us改为me。
7.(2020·新课标II卷短文改错)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.
【答案】将yours改为your
【解析】考查代词。句意:祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子,best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”
是固定短语。故将your改为you。句中的yours为名词性物主代词,不可修饰后面的动名词。故将
yours改为your。
8. (2020·江苏卷单项填空)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then
goes for ______.
A. whichever B. whenever C. wherever D. whatever
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧,然后全力以
赴。A. whichever无论哪个;B. whenever无论何时;C. wherever无论何地;D. whatever无论什么。
分析句子成分可知,此处做goes for的宾语,指代“任何事情”,whatever符合语境。故选D。
9.(2020·山东卷语法填空)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模
拟) and imagine 42 . (they) living at a different time in history or 43 ( walking ) (walk)through a
rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个
不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。
故填themselves。10.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are
happier than _________who are not.
A. Ones B. those
C. these D. them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。
空格处代词与the students是对应关系,可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到
的复数名词,不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
11.(2019·北京卷·语法填空)Nervously __facing_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to
___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】myself
【解析】考查代词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。
本句的主语是I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
12.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】
In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourself in the historical environment that is created for them.
【答案】yourself改为themselves
【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语,故把 yourselves改为 themselves。