第07 讲 选修四 词汇考点
目录
01 课标达标练
【题型一】易考单词变形
【题型二】核心单词拼写
【题型三】重点短语词组
02 核心突破练
【题型一】阅读词汇和短语
【题型二】完形词汇和短语
【题型三】语法填空词汇和短语
03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．Claire had an (appoint) to paint her nails.
2．We ensure that activities will take place under the (guide) of an experienced tutor.
3．Feeling (guilt) about yelling at her mom, she wrote a letter to apologize that night.
4． (suppose) that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
5．I can lend you my bike condition that you must return it before Friday.
6．Then I walked away, pretending not to have heard anything. However, I felt (cheat) and it really
depressed me.
7．But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive, for he always was the truest and most (rely) fellow in
the world.
8．I could hardly recognize her (instant) I saw her after a couple of years.
9．Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
10．After failing the exam three times, the student felt (discourage) and considered dropping out.
11．Embarrassed and (shame), I can’t concentrate on anything. Please help！
12．We were about to have a picnic in the park a group of unexpected guests arrived.
13．The artist, paintings now sell for millions, started as a street performer.
14．Scientists are trying to (precise) measure the impact of climate change on the polar ice caps.
15．Her (intend) to quit the job surprised everyone.
16．His (embarrass) look showed he didn’t catch what I just said.
17．He showed me several options for the project, none of seemed feasible (可行的) within our
budget.
18．University applicants who have work experience will receive (prefer).
19．The animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard and (oppose) wearing fur coats.
20．Keep in mind that it is no good (recite)without understanding.
21．He has been dreaming of becoming a (law) since childhood.
22．You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is I agree.
23． made her very sad was that she lost her necklace.
24．One thing to consider is you can turn to for help when you are in trouble.
25．You will have to work out (month) budgets, and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal.
26．Festivals are becoming more and more (commerce) with businesses taking advantage of the
celebration.
27．Employers look favorably at (apply) who have rich work experience.
28．Word came the students would put off the outing until next week because of the bad weather.
29．They have hired a computer (consult) to assess how the company can upgrade its system.
30．Under Qian’s (leader), China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of
Long March rockets.
31．The company’s success was built on the (assume) that demand would continue to grow.
32．When pupils do reading (comprehend), they do an exercise to find out how well they understand a
piece of spoken or written language.
33．Leon graduated after demonstrating the appropriate level of understanding and technical (competent).
34．Vocational education generally prepares people to work in a specific (occupy) by teaching theory in the
classroom.
35．The artist spent months perfecting the (compose) of his painting.
36．This is a (stimulate) discussion.
37．He recited the whole poem in one (breathe).
38． I knew it, the ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life.
39．A recent survey on Chinese people’s reading habits, (base)on a random sample of more than10,
000 people from 30 cities across China, revealed that the Chinese spend a lot of time reading.
40．There are different opinions and (evaluate) of college supervisors.
题型二 核心单词拼写
41．The CEO had to (辞职) due to the company’s funding issue.
42．Learning to have (仁慈，宽恕) on yourself is as important as forgiving others.
43．The farmers celebrated the (丰收)with a festival, showcasing the year’s fruitful crops.
44．In our society respecting the old and cherishing the young is a traditional (美德), to which people
attach great importance.
45．She refused to (作弊) on her exams, believing in the value of hard work and honesty.
46．A gentle breeze was blowing, (使……起皱纹) the lake with a series of delicate ripples that danced
far away.
47．His (任命) as general manager of the company was announced at the meeting.
48．The company operates under the (原则) that customer satisfaction is the top priority.
49．Tom (通信) with his pen friend John regularly.
50．He (折叠) his arms over his chest and shouted loudly.
51．With a (手势) of frustration, she swept the cards from the table.
52．My son is a quiet and (温和的) man who likes sports and enjoys life．
53．She spoke with tears and tried to win everyone’s (同情).
54．Judging from his strong (口音), we know he is from Guangdong province.
55．We (获得) special permission to reproduce the book in our magazine.
56．The tour guide is (博学的) about the local customs and traditions, which in turn helps promote the
local tourism.
57．The (摩擦) between the two co-workers made meetings tense and uncomfortable.
58．They appeared (悲观的) about their chances of winning the competition.
59．The (持续时间) of the school sports meeting was unexpectedly extended by two hours due to the
exciting final relay race.
60．The government announced a significant increase in the education (预算) this year, aiming to
improve school facilities in rural areas.
61． (有关的) work experience is required for overseas postings.
62．He made a (粗鲁的) gesture at the driver of the other car.
63．Wuhan declared (临时的) outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions on Jan. 23.
64．The soldier lifted the phone and dialed his (上级).
65．She hired a private (侦探) in an attempt to find her daughter.
66．She chose a (任意的) book from the library shelf and found a hidden poem written by a famous
author.
67．It’s never a good idea to take sleeping (药片) regularly.
68．He (批评) me for failing to complete the work on time.
69．He’s been informed that he doesn’t (取得资格) for the scholarship because of his academic
background.
70．Her head still hurt, and she felt slightly (头晕的) and had to sit down. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
题型三 重点短语词组
71．如果按计划实施，这次合并将诞生亚洲最大的科技公司。
The merger, as planned, will create the largest tech company in Asia.
72．This is a small car it can only hold five persons.
这辆汽车太小了，只能容纳5 个人。
73．如果你能同意我的要求，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it .
74．通过这次活动，你将了解到一些曾为社会做出卓越贡献的令人钦佩的人物，尤其是他们如何用勇气和
智慧克服巨大挑战。
From this event, you’ll learn about some , especially how
.
75．警察一接到电话，他们就赶到现场，那里发生了交通事故。
The moment the police received the call, they rushed to the scene, .
76．此外，餐桌礼仪也是你应该注意的事情。
Besides, table manners are also the thing .
77．我们坚持海洋探索，是为了了解人类的起源。
The reason exploring the sea we want to know the origin of human beings.
78．重庆人民为过去十年来他们所取得的成就感到骄傲。(what)
People in Chongqing are proud of .
79．You could register online and e-learning courses.
你可以在线注册并订阅网络课程。
80．从南极洲旅行归来后，他们肯定需要时间重新适应假期结束后的生活。(bound)
After returning from their trip to Antarctica, they to readjust to their post-holiday life.
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
（24-25 高三下·贵州安顺·阶段练习）In today’s interconnected world, maintaining personal independence
is more important than ever. While cooperating with and relying on others are essential aspects of modern life, an
overdependence on external (外部的) systems, technology, or individuals can gradually destroy autonomy, kill
personal growth, and compromise one’s ability to deal with challenges.
First, independence develops self-reliance and adaptability. In a rapidly changing world, individuals must
adapt to unexpected circumstances, from economic downturns (衰退) to technological disruptions. For example,
someone who has developed financial knowledge and self-sufficiency is better equipped to handle economic
challenges than someone who relies entirely on others for support. Independence enables individuals to take control
of their lives and make informed decisions without being overly influenced by external forces.
Second, independence promotes personal growth and self-fulfillment. Relying too much on others can limit
one’s opportunities to explore, take risks, and learn from mistakes. When individuals independently pursue their
goals and passions, they gain confidence, skills, and a sense of purpose. For example, starting a personal project or
business without external backing challenges people to innovate and think critically, developing creativity and
problem-solving abilities.
Maintaining independence protects individuality and personal identity in a world where conformity (遵从) is
often encouraged. Social media and cultural trends can pressure individuals to agree with popular opinions or adopt
popular lifestyles, potentially hiding their true selves. Independence allows people to form their own beliefs, values,
and priorities, making them more empowered to contribute uniquely to society.
Critics might argue that independence risks isolation or the loss of community values. However,
independence does not prevent cooperation or meaningful relationships. In fact, truly independent individuals often
bring more value to relationships because they contribute from a place of strength and confidence rather than
dependency.
Maintaining independence in today’s society is vital for personal growth. While mutual support and
interdependence are valuable, they should not come at the cost of autonomy. Keeping a balance between
cooperation and independence ensures individuals can thrive in an ever-evolving world.
1．Who may handle economic challenges better according to Paragraph 2?
A．People depending on themselves.
B．People making innovative decisions.
C．People influenced by external forces.
D．People relying on unexpected settings.
2．Why does independence matter in a world encouraging conformity?
A．It makes people form common beliefs.
B．It allows people to maintain self-hood.
C．It enables people to lead cultural trends. D．It helps people develop their intelligence.
3．Which can best describe an independent person in relationships?
A．Confident and helpful.
B．Isolated and indifferent.
C．Cooperative and proud.
D．Critical and autonomous.
4．How is the passage mainly developed?
A．By inferring and comparing.
B．By showing cause and effect.
C．By giving opinions and examples.
D．By stating problems and solutions.
（2025·山东潍坊·三模）Understanding a simple-looking sentence such as “I read this article yesterday”
actually requires some complex grammatical processing: a subject (“I”) performed an action (“read”) on an object
(“article”) at a specific time (“yesterday”). But the human brain routinely does this work nearly without delay, says
linguist (语言学家) Andrea E. Martin of the Max Planck Institute in the Netherlands. And Martin’s team has now
revealed that the human brain adjusts its processing methods based on grammatical rules of different languages.
The researchers observed variations in Dutch-speaking (说荷兰语的) participants’ brain waves while they
listened to a Dutch-language audiobook. To visualize these changes, the scientists used a system measuring how
many new “predictions” the brain makes of words that could come next in a sentence. It was then tested against
three different parsing (语法分析) strategies, or linguistic models that illustrate how the brain builds information
over time.
Previous English-based studies concluded in favor of a model where listeners “wait and see” how each
phrase in a sentence will end before interpreting it. But the Dutch speakers in Martin’s study preferred a highly
predictive model; participants tended to finish each phrase before it was complete. A third model, in which listeners
wait to hear all the phrases in a sentence before interpreting any part of it, is seldom used in either language.
In Dutch language structure, verbs come near the end of a sentence rather than immediately after the subject
like they do in English, explains study lead author Cas W. Coopmans. For instance, “I ate a cookie with chocolate”
in Dutch would be “I the cookie with chocolate ate.” “You would have to wait very long for the verb to come,”
Coopmans says. “And that’s probably unrealistically late; you’re probably much more predictive in processing the
sentence.”
The findings support the need for scientists to include more diversity when designing linguistic models. “If
we only study English speakers, we’ll miss crucial variations in how brains handle different language systems,”
Martin warns. “Diversifying subjects in studies of how the brain processes language is going to help us clarify how
the brain is understanding the structured meaning of language, and the social functions of language,” Martin says.
1．How does the human brain process languages?
A．By shortening the sentence.
B．By concentrating on subjects.
C．By relying on language sense.
D．By applying rules of grammar.
2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The system.
B．The audiobook.
C．The brain.
D．The sentence.
3．The Dutch predict the meaning of “Tom drew an oil painting.” in Dutch when hearing ________.
A．Tom.
B．Drew.
C．Oil.
D．Painting.
4．What can be concluded from Martin’s words in the last paragraph?
A．The language structures need improving.
B．Samples of research should be expanded.
C．The functions of language call for further study.
D．English speakers account for the largest number.
题型二 完形词汇和短语
（2025·湖北黄冈·三模）When Nancy Beiman was 65, she retired from her job as a professor of animation
and had no 1 how she would 2 her days.
One day, she woke up with an idea for a comic strip ( 连环漫画). Beiman had been doing most of her
drawing on a computer, but for this new idea, she returned to drawing 3 on paper, then 4 them
with a brush pen. She created a character based on a kitten from an old project and added two dogs and a little girl
who 5 her of the children’s book character Pippi Longstocking. This led to FurBabies, a comic about a
family of dogs, a cat, and a child who can all speak the same language. The dogs and the cat take care of nine-year-
old Kate while her parents are 6 .
Nancy wasn’t planning to 7 with her idea until she showed her drawings to her friend, Lynn
Johnston, a cartoonist. Lynn 8 her and taught her how to write scripts for the comics. Despite her long
9 in animation, transitioning to comics wasn’t 10 for Nancy. In animation, she focused on showing
action without words, but comics required her to combine visuals with 11 .
With her friend’s help, Nancy wrote 24 mini-scripts and 12 them to a social platform. In April
2023, she was 13 to be accepted on her first try. Nancy 14 FurBabies daily online, which is a
big 15 , but she enjoys the immediate feedback from readers of all ages. It’s like having a film on display
every day, bringing smiles to people’s faces. Nancy believes that comics offer some protection from the prejudice
against older people in animation studios.
1．A．clue
B．plan
C．hope
D．doubt
2．A．pass
B．take
C．fill
D．manage
3．A．tools
B．models
C．scenes
D．characters
4．A．mixing
B．erasing
C．inking
D．cutting
5．A．informed
B．reminded
C．accused
D．convinced
6．A．at home
B．on vacation
C．in trouble
D．at work
7．A．agree
B．continue
C．deal
D．correspond
8．A．praised
B．invited
C．encouraged
D．warned
9．A．career
B．hobby
C．experiment
D．challenge
10．A．difficult
B．possible
C．easy
D．necessary
11．A．colors
B．actions
C．dialogue
D．music
12．A．submitted
B．sold
C．read
D．copied
13．A．confused
B．ashamed
C．bored
D．thrilled
14．A．prints
B．updates
C．reviews
D．downloads
15．A．risk
B．advantage
C．commitment
D．routine
（2025·山东日照·三模）For most of his life, Ted Midgely couldn’t read. The 58-year-old, who left school
at 15, 1 friends and colleagues to help him adapt to a world of words. But now, after 2 lessons, he
can finally read—a milestone that has brought him great 3 .
One of Ted’s biggest 4 ? Reading a copy of Speedway Star magazine that he had kept for 40 years.
Ted grew up in Bradford with dyslexia(阅读障碍) in school but didn’t receive any 5 . Instead, he
was sent to a special school where he 6 to fit in. Eventually, he stopped 7 and worked in a factory.
Despite his reading 8 , Ted built a career around his 9 for speedway racing. He once 10 as
a mechanic at British Speedway.
The turning point came when Ted 11 Australian motorcycle racer Brayden Elliot. 12 by the
opportunity to manage the young racer, Ted knew he needed to read emails to take on the 13 . With the
support of tutor(导师) Duncan Livsey from Read Easy Derby, Ted has twice-weekly reading lessons. His hard work
and positive attitude have made his learning 14 both for him and his tutor.
Ted’s journey proves it’s never too late to learn. And for him, 15 reading that old Speedway Star
article was more than just words on a page—it was a lifelong dream fulfilled.
1．A．took on
B．relied on
C．called on
D．checked on
2．A．taking
B．selecting
C．preparing
D．giving
3．A．fortune
B．inspiration
C．courage
D．joy
4．A．ambitions
B．strengths
C．achievements
D．surprises
5．A．assistance
B．permission
C．reputation
D．reception
6．A．managed
B．promised
C．pretended
D．struggled
7．A．reading
B．attending
C．responding
D．wandering
8．A．attitudes
B．efforts
C．challenges
D．desires
9．A．passion
B．mood
C．purpose
D．hope
10．A．retired
B．graduated
C．coached
D．served
11．A．consulted
B．encountered
C．interviewed
D．sponsored
12．A．Attracted
B．Amused
C．Inspired
D．Supported
13．A．role
B．adventure
C．appearance
D．quality
14．A．lasting
B．relaxing
C．striking
D．rewarding
15．A．generally
B．eventually
C．frequently
D．naturally
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
（2025·湖北·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Psychologist Zong Min, while pursuing her PhD at Beijing Normal University, led a three-year program to
help students who didn’t want to go to school, an issue increasingly troubling parents. The phenomenon 1
(intensify) during the pandemic due to online learning, and Zong realized the situation was worse than initially 2
(estimate).
Referencing a survey conducted in Guangzhou, she noted that 24.6% of junior high school students and
37.6% of senior high school students exhibited 3 (refuse) to attend school. One 4 (memory)
case involved a 13-year-old boy who excelled 5 (academic) in primary school but began avoiding classes
in junior high.
Drawing on research and personal experience, Zong developed the idea of a program called Xin Niu Dai to
bridge schools, parents, and students, assist them to collectively find solutions to alleviate academic pressure, 6
help children regain their passion for life. Pointing to the rise in reluctance to go to school, Zong emphasized that
the underlying 7 (cause) have grown more complex today, and parents must face the reality 8
not wanting to go to school is a global challenge, 9 hospitals increasingly establishing specialized clinics
for those exhibiting this behavior.
Zong envisions her program 10 (consist) of three sections: helping students discover their
resilience, inspiring teachers to recognize a student’s potential rather than criticizing them, and empowering parents
to better protect their child’s mental health. Plans include educational leaflets and an AI app for emotional support.
（2025·福建福州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As is universally acknowledged, the Chinese language boasts 1 long-established and far-reaching
history. What makes Chinese language particularly 2 (fascinate) is its written form. Chinese characters
are the only pictorial written form in modern times, many of 3 have stories behind them. Not only are
Chinese characters rich 4 symbolism but also they are amazingly beautiful when 5 (pen) with
a brush in the traditional way. Known as Hanzi, Chinese characters are the oldest continuously used writing system.
6 (date) back to as far as the Shang Dynasty, when they were inscribed ( 刻) on oracle bones, Chinese
characters strongly witness their time-honored history.
Chinese characters have been used through a unified system throughout China’s history. One advantage of
using the system is that people who speak different dialects can understand each other’s writing and thus the mutual
7 (communicate) can go on smoothly. Different as pronunciation marks are, Chinese characters 8
(use) previously and presently are still being used in other languages such as Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese,
indicating they have been working 9 (influence).
With China playing an increasingly important role in the world, Chinese characters are being globally
learned due to the fact that the international community have realized 10 great importance it is to speak
Chinese language fluently and write Chinese characters beautifully.
03 高考溯源练
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and
more.
1
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly
what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.
2
As the customer grabs
the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she
doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time.
3
“I
do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a
mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a
student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science
major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.
4
“Catherine always has a huge smile on
her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said.
5
She has every intention of staying and continuing
doing what she loves.
A．The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B．She has two children aged eight and four.
C．Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D．After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E．Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F．Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G．She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital
Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of
what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.”
“Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is
free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a
week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing
them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.
Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re
scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says.
“I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.”
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers
to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they
express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care
about their schoolwork.”
Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers ( 同龄人) outside the
hospital. “I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good, director of pain
management services at LPCH. “It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids
have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”
1．Who does Ho teach at LPCH?
A．Sick children.
B．Young nurses.
C．Medical students.
D．Patients’ parents.
2．What is a characteristic of Ho’s job?
A．Prioritizing academics.
B．Encouraging innovation.
C．Treating various diseases.
D．Playing multiple roles.
3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4?
A．Offering regular lessons.
B．Paying extra attention.
C．Assigning no schoolwork.
D．Showing no sympathy.
4．How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good?
A．It eases peer pressure.
B．It helps them live in hope.
C．It frees them from aches.
D．It entertains them with stories.
