第13 讲 主谓一致2026 年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用）
（语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练）
内容提要
思维导图
表格呈现
对点练习
单题突破
综合提升
一、意义一致原则用法表
此表格梳理 “意义一致” 核心场景，即根据主语所表达的语义（整体 / 个体、类别 /
抽象概念等）判断谓语单复数，覆盖集体名词、单复同形名词等高频主语类型，是主谓一致
基础且灵活的判断原则。
主语类型
核心规则
示例
集体名词（family/team/
committee 等）
1. 强调整体（视为单数概
念）→谓语单数
2. 强调成员（视为复数个
体）→谓语复数
1. The team has won the game.
（强调整体）
2. The team are discussing the
plan.（强调成员）
特殊集体名词（people/
police/cattle 等）
本身表复数概念，谓语动
词必用复数
1. The police are investigating the
accident.
2. Cattle feed on grass.
单复同形名词（sheep/
按主语意义或限定词
1. This means is effective.（this
主语类型
核心规则
示例
means/species 等）
（this/that/all 等）判断单
复数
表单数）
2. All means have been tried.
（all 表复数）
the + 形容词（the
rich/the injured 等）
1. 表 “一类人”（复数
概念）→谓语复数
2. 表 “抽象概念”（单
数概念）→谓语单数
1. The injured were sent to
hospital.（表一类人）
2. The beautiful is not always
good.（表抽象概念）
时间 / 距离 / 机构 / 金
钱（10 minutes/The
UN/500 yuan 等）
视为整体单数概念，谓语
常用单数
1. Ten minutes is enough for the
break.
2. The United Nations plays an
important role.
注意事项：
1. 集体名词的语义判断需结合语境，如 “family” 在 “Our family is small” 中强调整体（单
数），在 “Our family are all music lovers” 中强调成员（复数）；
2. “the + 形容词” 表抽象概念时，需通过语义区分（如 “the old” 表老人（复数），“the
old” 表 “旧事物” 时表单数，需结合上下文）；
3. 单复同形名词需关注限定词，“this/that” 后接单数谓语，“these/those/all” 后接复数谓语，
不可仅凭名词形式判断。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The family ________ (be) a big one with ten members, and all of them live happily together.
2. The police ________ (investigate) the traffic accident that happened on the main road yesterday.
3. This means of communication ________ (prove) to be very effective in our daily life.
4. The injured in the earthquake ________ (send) to the nearest hospital for treatment immediately
after the disaster.
5. Ten thousand yuan ________ (be) not a small amount of money for a poor family in the
countryside.
二、语法一致原则用法表
此表格聚焦 “语法一致” 核心场景，即根据主语的语法形式（单复数、结构类型等）
直接判断谓语单复数，覆盖不定式 / 动名词作主语、分数 / 百分数修饰名词等高频考点，是
主谓一致最基础的判断原则。
主语类型
核心规则
示例
不定式 / 动名
词 / 从句作主
视为单数概念，谓语动词用单数
1. To learn English is important.
2. What he said is true.
主语类型
核心规则
示例
语
分数 / 百分数
+ 名词
谓语单复数与被修饰的 “中心
名词” 一致（不看分数 / 百分
数本身）
1. Two-thirds of the students are from
rural areas.（中心词 students 复数）
2. 50% of the water is polluted.（中心
词 water 单数）
most/the rest +
名词
谓语单复数与被修饰的 “中心
名词” 一致
1. Most of the books are new.（中心
词 books 复数）
2. The rest of the milk is in the fridge.
（中心词 milk 单数）
quantity 短语
（a large
quantity of/large
quantities of）
1. a large quantity of + 名词→谓
语单数
2. large quantities of + 名词→谓
语复数（与 quantity 单复数一
致）
1. A large quantity of rice is stored.
2. Large quantities of rice are stored.
and 连接并列
主语
1. 表 “同一人 / 物 / 概念”→
谓语单数
2. 表 “不同人 / 物”→谓语复
数
3. 受 each/every/no 修饰→谓语
单数
1. The writer and poet is coming.（同
一人）
2. The writer and the poet are coming.
（不同人）
3. Every boy and girl has a book.（受
every 修饰）
the number
of.../a number
of...
1. the number of...（表 “……
的数量”）→谓语单数
2. a number of...（表 “许多”）
→谓语复数
1. The number of students is increasing.
2. A number of students are absent.
one of.../the only
one of... + 定语
从句
1. one of... + 从句→从句谓语复
数
2. the only one of... + 从句→从句
谓语单数（强调 “唯一”）
1. He is one of the students
who have passed.（多个学生通过）
2. He is the only one of the students
who has passed.（唯一通过的学生）
注意事项：
1. “and 连接主语” 表同一人时，后一名词无冠词（如 “The teacher and writer” 指同一人），
表不同人时需加冠词（如 “The teacher and the writer” 指两人）；
2. 分数 / 百分数修饰名词时，中心词若为不可数名词（如 water），无论分数多大，谓语均
用单数；
3. “one of...+ 从句” 中，从句修饰 “students”（复数），故谓语用复数；“the only one
of...” 中，从句修饰 “the only one”（单数），故谓语用单数，不可混淆。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. What he said at the meeting ________ (be) very important for our future development.
2. Seventy percent of the land in this area ________ (cover) with thick forests and grasslands.
3. A large quantity of fresh water ________ (store) in the reservoir to meet the needs of the city.
4. The writer and translator ________ (be) going to attend the international literary conference next
month.
5. He is one of the students who ________ (win) the first prize in the English competition this year.
三、就近一致与就远一致原则用法表
此表格梳理 “就近一致”“就远一致” 两大特殊原则，即根据主语与谓语的 “距离”
（最近 / 最远）判断单复数，覆盖并列连词、介词短语修饰主语等高频场景。
类型
适用场景
核心规则
示例
就近
一致
1. 并列连词：
either...or...,
neither...nor..., not
only...but also...,
not...but...
2. 固定句型：There
be 句型、The
following... 句型
谓语单复数与
“最近的主
语” 保持一
致
1. Either you or he is wrong.（最近
主语 he 单数）
2. There are two pens and a book.
（最近主语 pens 复数）
3. The following is a letter and
photos.（最近主语 a letter 单数）
就远
一致
主语 + 介词 / 介词
短语：with, along
with, together with, as
well as, rather than,
except, including 等
谓语单复数与
“前面的主
语”（远主
语）保持一
致，不受后续
短语影响
1. The singer along with her
band is preparing.（远主语 singer
单数）
2. He rather than his parents is to
blame.（远主语 he 单数）
3. All except Tom are here.（远主
语 All 复数）
注意事项：
1. “not only...but also...” 连接主语时，口语中可按 “就近一致”，正式语境中也可按 “意义
一致”，但高考中优先按 “就近一致” 判断；
2. 就远一致中的介词短语仅作修饰，不改变主语的单复数（如 “The teacher with his
students” 中，主语仍是 “the teacher”，谓语用单数）；
3. There be 句型中，若主语含 “and”，需按 “就近一致”，不可按 “and 连接主语表复
数” 判断（如 “There is a book and two pens” 正确，不可说 “There are a book and two
pens”）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. Either you or your brother ________ (be) responsible for the mistake you made yesterday.
2. There ________ (be) a dictionary and several textbooks on the desk when I left the classroom.
3. The teacher along with her students ________ (visit) the science museum this weekend.
4. Not only my parents but also my sister ________ (like) playing the piano in their spare time.
5. All except my best friend ________ (arrive) at the party on time yesterday evening.
四、主谓一致特殊注意点表
此表格梳理文档中 “用法拓展” 的特殊场景，覆盖 more than one 结构、以 - s 结尾
的特殊名词等易混淆考点，是高考主谓一致的难点补充。
特殊场景
核心规则
示例
more than one + 单
数名词 /more + 复
数名词 + than one
1. more than one + 单数名
词→谓语单数
2. more + 复数名词 +
than one→谓语复数
1. More than one student has applied.
（单数）
2. More students than
one have applied.（复数）
a series of/a kind of/a
pair of + 名词
谓语单复数与
“series/kind/pair” 的单复
数一致（不看后续名词）
1. A series of lectures is scheduled.
（series 单数）
2. Two pairs of shoes are missing.
（pairs 复数）
以 - s 结尾的国名 /
地名 / 学科名（形
复实单）
视为单数概念，谓语用单
数
1. The Alps is a famous mountain
range.
2. Mathematics is my favorite subject.
3. Physics is difficult to learn.
强调句型（It is/was
+ 被强调部分 +
who/that...）
1. It 后固定用 is/was（单
数）
2. who/that 后谓语单复数
与 “被强调部分” 一致
1. It is he who helps others.（被强调
部分 he 单数）
2. It was the students who won the
game.（被强调部分 students 复
数）
注意事项：
1. “more than one + 单数名词” 虽表 “不止一个”，但语法上视为单数，谓语需用单数，不
可按语义用复数；
2. 以 - s 结尾的学科名（如 politics/economics）、国名（如 the United States）均为 “形复
实单”，谓语用单数，不可因 “-s” 误判为复数；
3. 强调句型中，即使被强调部分是复数，It 后仍用 is/was（如 “It is they who are wrong” 正
确，不可说 “It are they who are wrong”）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. More than one student in our class ________ (apply) for the scholarship offered by the university.
2. A series of lectures on environmental protection ________ (hold) in our school next month to raise
students' awareness.
3. Mathematics ________ (be) not an easy subject for most middle school students, but it is very
important.
4. It is my parents who ________ (support) me through all the difficult times in my life.
5. More people than one ________ (agree) that the government should take more measures to protect
the environment.
一、语法填空：在空格处填入1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．（2022 高三上·浙江·专题练习）One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could
feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other
(be) that I wanted to help people in
need.
2．（2021 高三上·浙江·专题练习）The majority of visitors (be)in favor of his
conclusion that the number of books published on the subject (be) simply surprising.
3．（2021 高三上·浙江·专题练习）There (be) a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.
＝There (be) two pens and a pencil in the pencilbox .
4．（2021 高三上·浙江·专题练习）Not only the students but also their teacher (be)
enjoying the film.
5．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）In the US, only when someone sits in the driver’s seat
driverless cars allowed on roads in certain states.
6．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）Christmas is the most important festival in the western world. It
(fall) on December 25.
7．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）Look.There
(be) a pair of shoes, a box of
apples and some drinks under the table.
8．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）Two thirds of my leisure time is spent on reading and the
remaining one third
(spend) in doing outdoor sports.
9．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）Reading English novels for 30 minutes every morning
(help) improve vocabulary and reading comprehension effectively.
10．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）Not both of them
(come) to the party.
11．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）While we may change friends, the number of people we can
keep in touch with
(stay) the same in a certain time.
12．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）There
(be) not as much homework as I was
used to, but it was still tough for me.
13．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）With so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can
definitely expect the
(expect).
14．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）Being exposed to English frequently
(able) us
to have a good command of this language.
15．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）Not only
I, in the activity, tried something
new, but it allows me to take on responsibility.
Passage 1
（2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单
词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National
Park(GPNP). 1 (cover)an area about three times 2 size of
Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan
will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 3 (be)previously
unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 4
(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 5
(design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural
ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 6
leaving behind precious natural assets( 资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to
improve connectivity between separate 7 (population)and homes of giant
pandas, and 8 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 9 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection
to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is
intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10 live within the
Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
Passage 2
（2022·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step
1 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2 lost his
eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3 (hold) in
Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4
friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5
(protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6 (meaning).
The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao 7 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents,
and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 8 (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He
flew 4, 700 kilometers 9 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10
(plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
Passage 3
（2025·重庆·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Xueba 01”, 1 (know) as China’s first robot PhD student, 2
(draw) much attention since its registration at the Shanghai Theatre Academy (STA). This event
shows that artificial intelligence is now part of higher education.
“Xueba 01” was made by a team led by Professor Li Qingdu from the University of Shanghai
for Science and Technology. As 3 “embodied AI”, the robot learns artistic
creation through physical 4 (interact). It is 1.75 meters tall and weighs about
30 kilograms. Its flexible silicone skin allows it 5 (make) human-like facial
expressions and gestures.
During the orientation, “Xueba 01” got its student ID and talked with Pan Tao, a famous
CCTV news host. After their talk, Pan said, “It answers very fast. It uses both words and eye contact,
6 was more than I expected.” It is equipped 7 advanced
technology, enabling it to communicate and express 8 (emotion) like humans.
It will work with human students in workshops, lab research, and creative projects, 9
(help) to explore new kinds of digital art.
In the future, it will make much 10 (great) contributions to the field of
digital art, and we are all looking forward to seeing its wonderful performance in the academy.
Passage 4
（2025·吉林·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During wartime, letters of support from overseas Chinese communities carried more than
words of comfort-they represented a nation’s determination 1 (resist) invaders.
An exhibition displaying such letters, called qiaopi, 2 (hold) now in Shantou,
Guangdong province, 3 (mark) the 80th anniversary of victory in the Chinese
People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945) and the World Anti-Fascist
War.
Held at Shantou Museum, the exhibition 4 (title) Letters in Wartime,
Attachments to Homeland also highlights the role of the Dongxing remittance (汇款) route, a 5
(finance) lifeline during those unstable years. Qiaopi, 6 unique form of
correspondence, served 7 both a letter and money transfers by overseas
Chinese people to their families in the provinces of Guangdong and Fujian in the 19th and 20th
centuries. At that time, for countless emigrants, 8 (particular) those from
Guangdong and Fujian, qiaopi became the primary means of supporting loved ones back home while
sharing news, 9 (affect) and the hope of reunion. The exhibition shows the
vast number of overseas Chinese in North America and Southeast Asia
10
relied on the secret Dongxing remittance route to send money and related supplies back home to
support the war against Japanese aggression.
Passage 5
（2025·湖南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When I set off in 2008 from Nashville in the U.S. for Shenyang, China, my wallet was filled
with cash and credit cards. Seventeen years later, my wallet 1 (gather) dust. My
smartphone handles everything about payment.
In my early days in Shenyang, cash ruled. Today, even an elderly 2 (sell) at
the local market greets customers with a payment QR code ( 二维码). China's mobile payment
development, 3 (push) by many advanced mobile software platforms, has been a
way of life. These apps process some 500 trillion yuan 4 (annual), connecting
people to services ranging from public transit to healthcare.
The next hit came in late 2019 with 5 launch of the pilot programs of digital
yuan, a state-backed currency designed 6 (function) both online and offline, which
safeguards privacy and reduces transaction (交易) fees. 7 the popularity of
American mobile payment service Venmo, digital yuan is 8 (efficient) than
physical cash and heightens my perception of safety. By the end of June 2024, China's e-CNY
transactions increased to 7 trillion yuan.
China's innovations are drawing global attention. 9 (create) projects like
mBridge, a cross-border payment project involving the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong Special
Administrative region, Thailand and the United Arab Emirates, are testing the e-CNY for
international trade, 10 aim is to simplify transactions and lessen reliance on
systems like SWIFT, the U.S-dominated global banking network.
Passage 6
（25-26 高三上·四川广安·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内
单词的正确形式。
The vibrant Naadam festival, a cornerstone of Mongolian culture in north China’s Inner
Mongolia Autonomous Region, 1 (continue) to attract large numbers of locals
and tourists each summer. Meaning “games” in Mongolian, this nationally
2
(recognize) intangible cultural heritage event celebrates strength, courage, and tradition through its
historic “Three Manly Games”: Bokh (Mongolian wrestling), horse racing, and archery, with
documented roots 3 (date) back 800 years.
The 35th Inner Mongolia Grassland Naadam Festival started on July 19 in Xilin Gol League in
heavy rain. 4 the downpour created muddy conditions for some visitors,
rainfall is considered auspicious on the grasslands, symbolizing prosperity for livestock and pastures
(牧场).
The opening ceremony featured 5 striking procession (队列) of over
1,000 herders and 512 traditionally dressed, bare-chested wrestlers circling an arena. Performances
highlighted distinctive Mongolian arts like throat singing and Long Song ( 蒙古长调). Dynamic
moments, such as female riders grabbing hada scarves 6 full speed and archers
swiftly releasing arrows, became popular online content.
Despite weather-related delays to some events, people remained
7
(enthusiasm). The festival proved economically significant: by the morning of July 21, the main
venue alone 8 (welcome) over 200,000 visits, generating revenue exceeding 60
million yuan ($8.4 million) — a 40% year-on-year increase. Naadam
9
(powerful) represents Mongolian heritage and spirit, drawing widespread
10
(participate) and appreciation.
