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专题 06 时态语态 主谓一致
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.（2023年新高考II卷） As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew
up.
2.（2023年浙江卷1月）Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the
center of the circles.
3. （2023年浙江卷1月）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy
businessmen often______ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and
pillars(柱子).
4.(2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空)The plan will extend protection to a significant
number of areas that ________ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing
protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce
inconsistencies in management.
5.(2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空) After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be
officially set up next year. The GPNP ________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of
“protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preservingbiological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones,and leaving behind precious natural
assets(资产)for future generations”.
回顾核心知识体系回顾核心考点
考点1 一般时态
知识1 一般现在时1.一般现在时的构成
一般现在时通常以动词原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,则一般要在动词原形后加-s
或-es。其变化规则如下:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-s come→comes play→plays
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh 加-es go→goes
或-o结尾的动词 teach→teaches
以"辅音字母+ 变y为i再加- carry→carries
y"结尾的动词 es fly→flies worry→worries
【注意】be的变化:am,is,are;have的变化:have,has。
2.一般现在时的用法
(1)表示习惯性、经常性或永久性的动作。常与always, often, sometimes, usually,
frequently, once a week, on Sundays, every day/week/month/year等时间状语连用。
►She always helps others."（她总是帮助别人）.
(2)表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在的事实。在主从复
合句中,即使主句为一般过去时,从句也遵循此用法。
►As we all know, the earth revolves around the sun.众所周知,地 球绕太阳公转。
(3)表示特征、能力或现时的情况或状态。
►She lives in a villa at the foot of the hill.她住在山脚下的一幢别墅里。
(4)在时间状语从句、让步状语从句和条件状语从句中,用于代替一般将来时。
►I will tell her when she comes tomorrow.她明天来的时候我会告诉她的。
►You will surely succeed if you try your best.如果你尽最大努力,你一定会成功。
(5)表示按时刻表或日程表将要发生的动作或事件,或者事先安排好的动作。有此用法的多
为表示"方位移动""开始/结束"等的短暂性动词(短语),如: go, come, leave, start,begin,
arrive, stop, finish, take off等。句中常有明确的时间点。
►The meeting starts at 3 PM."（会议下午三点开始）
►The plane takes off at eight and arrives in Beijing at eleven. 飞机八点起飞,十一点到北京。
知识2 一般过去时
1.一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式表示。其变化规则如下:
情况 规则 例词
一般情 加-ed ask→asked__________________ stay→stayed
况
以-e结 加-d arrive→arrived
尾的动
词
以"辅音 变y为 study→studied_________try→tried carry→carried
字母 i再加-
+y"结尾 ed
的动词
以一个 双写结 admit→admitted trap→trapped
辅音字 尾的辅
母结尾 音字母
的重读 再加-ed
闭音节
动词
2.一般过去时的用法(1)表示过去某个时间或某段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状
语连用,如:yesterday, last week/month/year, just now, the other day, three days ago, in 2000
等。
►Where did you go just now?你刚才去哪儿了?
►When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.我在乡下时经常去
拜访那里的老朋友。
(2)在表示时间、条件、让步等的状语从句中,代替过去将来时。
►We would not leave until she came back.直到她回来我们才会离开。
►She told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day.她告诉我如果第二天下
雨她就不跟我们一起去了。
(3)表示对当前所陈述事实的婉转语气。该用法通常用于hope,want,think,wonder等动词。
►I wondered if you could do me a favour.我不知道你是否能帮我个忙。
►I didn't know you were here.我不知道你在这里。
(4)用于一些固定句型中表示虚拟语气。如: It is time that sb.did sth.(是某人做……的时候
了), If only sb. did sth.(要是某人……就好了,表示当前没有实现的愿望)等。
►It is time that the kids went to bed.孩子们该睡觉了。
知识3 一般将来时
1.will/shall+动词原形
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,可表示较近的将来,还可表示较远的将来。常与表示
将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow, next…, from now on, in the future, "in+一段
时间"等。
【注意】 shall通常用于第一人称,will通常用于各种人称。
►He will graduate from college next year.他明年将大学毕业。
►We shall finish our work as quickly as possible.我们会尽快完成工作。
A gap year is now more about gaining skills that________(help) you in later life.
【解析】 句意:现在,间隔年更多的是为了获得对以后生活有帮助的技能。根据空后
的in later life可知,此处表示将来的动作,应用一般将来时。故填will help。
2.一般将来时的其他表达形式
形式 意义 例句
打算、计划、准备要 What are you going to
做某事 do tomorrow?明天你
be going to do 打算干什么?
有迹象表明要发生的 It looks as if it is
动作 going to rain.看起来
好像要下雨了。
按计划或安排要做某 We are to discuss the
事 report next Saturday.
我们打算下周六讨论
这个报告。
be to do
表示义务、命令、禁 You are to hand in
止等 your application form
within three days.三天
之内你必须递交你的
申请表。
表示注定要发生的事 Her plan is to be a
failure.她的计划注定
要失败。形式 意义 例句
be about to do或be 即将或正要做某事 He is about to leave
on the point of+n./动 for Beijing.他正要前
词-ing 往北京。
知识4 过去将来时
1.表达形式:should/would+动词原形,was/were going to do,was/were about to do, was/were
to do。
2.用法:表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句中。
►I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.我昨天给他打电话,问他我
下周干什么。
►He told me he was going to buy a car.他告诉我他正打算买辆车。
►She was about to say something more but she checked herself.她还想再说几句,但是又忍
住了。
►She said she was to take up the position.她说她要承担这一职务。
考点2 进行时态
知识1 进行时态的构成
高考要求掌握的进行体时态有:现在进行时"am/is/are+ 现在分词"、过去进行
时"was/were+ 现在分词"、将来进行时"will/shall be+ 现在分词"。其中,现在分词的
构成规则如下:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ing work→working
以不发音的-e 去e再加-ing live→living write→writing
结尾的动词
以一个辅音字母 双写结尾的辅音 cut→cutting run→running
结尾的重读闭音 字母再加-ing
节动词
以-ie结尾的动 变ie为y再加- lie→lying tie→tying
词 ing
知识2 进行时态的用法
1.表示某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。
(1)现在进行时常与now, at present, at this time, these days等连用。
►She is learning to play the piano from Mr.Smith these days.这些天她在跟史密斯先生学习
弹钢琴。
(2)过去进行时常与at that time, at this time+过去时间, just now, those days等连用。
►During the summer of 2016 she was travelling in Europe. 2016年夏天她在欧洲旅行。
【特别提醒】 过去进行时还可表示过去的一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行或表示
过去的两个动作同时进行。
►When I came home, she was cooking dinner. 当我到家时,她正在做饭。
►He was reading newspapers while I was studying.我在学习时他在看报。
(3)将来进行时常与"at this time+将来时间"连用。
►What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的这个时候你将在做什么?
2.代替一般将来时,表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作,或即将开始或结束的动作。有此用
法的动词(短语)有:go, start, begin, leave, arrive, come, return, run out等。
►Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before
there's none left.洪灾地区的食物供给不多了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。
►They were leaving for New York a few days later.他们几天后要前往纽约。►The plane will be arriving soon.飞机快要到了。
3.现在进行时和过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用,表达赞赏、
满意、不满、厌倦等强烈的感情色彩。
►He is constantly thinking of others first.他总是先想着别人。
►The boy was continually asking questions.这个男孩没完没了地问问题。
知识3 不宜用进行时态的动词(词组)
1.感觉、感官类:feel, look, see, hear, sound, taste, smell等;
2.情感类:like, love, hate, fear, prefer, appreciate等;
3.状态类:exist, lie(位于), remain, appear, seem等;
4.心态类:agree, wish, believe, understand, know, want, need, remember等;
5.关系类:have(有), possess, own, consist of, belong to等。
考点3 完成时态
知识1 完成体的构成
高考要求掌握的完成体时态有:现在完成时"have/has+过去分词"和过去完成时"had+过
去分词"。将来完成时"will/shall have+过去分词"了解即可。
过去分词的构成:(1)规则动词的过去分词构成方法同过去式,详见一般过去时部分。(2)
动词过去分词的不规则变化详见构词法。
知识2 现在完成时
1.现在完成时的用法
(1)表示过去发生并已完成的某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。强调的是这个影
响或结果,常与yet, already, just, before, recently, lately, ever等时间状语连用。
►I haven't finished reading the book yet, so I can't return it to the library.我还没有把书读完,
因此不能把它还给图书馆。
(2)表示开始于过去、持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与these days, up to
now, so far,"for+时间段"和"since+时间点"等连用。（在单句语法填空中看到这些词记
得用现在完成时）
►It has rained a lot these days.这些天多雨。
►She has worked in the school for ten years.她已经在这所学校工作10年了。
►The factory has been here since the 1990s.这家工厂自20世纪90年代以来一直在这里。
【特别提醒】 非延续性动词(词组)用于现在完成时
1. 在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,要进行相应的转换才能与表示一段时间
的状语连用,
常见的有:leave→be away,arrive→be here, come→be here,go→be there,
return→be back,join→be in,die→be dead, buy→have,borrow→keep,
get married→be married等。
►The old man died 4 years ago.=The old man has been dead for 4 years.这位老人去世4年
了。
2.在否定句中可与表示一段时间的状语连用,表示过程或结果。
►I haven't bought anything for a year.我一年没买任何东西。
2.常用现在完成时的固定句型
(1)This/It is the first (second/third/…)time+ (that)从句。从句常用现在完成时。
►This is the first time (that) I have watched a play. 这是我第一次看戏剧。
(2)This/It is the+形容词最高级+名词+(that)从句。从句常用现在完成时。
►This is the best film (that) I've ever seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。(3)It is/has been+一段时间+since从句。主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时,从句用一般过
去时。
►It is/has been six years since I came here.我来这儿已经六年了。
知识3 过去完成时
1.过去完成时的用法
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作,是"过去的过去"。
►She returned the book that she had borrowed.她归还了她借的那本书。
►They had got everything ready before I came.在我来之前,他们已经把一切都准备好了。
►When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已经停了。
2.常用过去完成时的固定句型
(1)在hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般
过去时;hardly/scarcely,no sooner位于句首时,主句要倒装。
►Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲,听众就
打断了他。
(2)It was+一段时间+since从句。since从句用过去完成时。
►It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有三个月了。
(3)It was the first/second/…time+(that)从句。从句用过去完成时。
►It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
知识4 将来完成时
表示在将来某时/某动作之前已经完成的动作。常与时间状语"by/before+将来的时间"等
连用。
►By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shenyang. 到明天这个时候你就会到达沈
阳了。
►I shall have finished this composition before 9 o'clock.九点之前我就会完成这篇作文了。
考点4 完成进行体
高考要求掌握的完成进行体时态是现在完成进行时"have/has been+ 现在分词"。过去
完成进行时"had been+现在分词"了解即可。
知识1 现在完成进行时
1.表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并可能持续下去。这一动作可能刚完成,也可
能仍在进行。
►Tom has been working hard since the new term began.自新学期开始以来,汤姆一直在努
力学习。
2.表示到目前为止的一段时间内动作时断时续、反复发生。
►You have been telling me not to be late all the way. 一路上你反复告诉我不要迟到。
知识2 过去完成进行时
表示在过去某一时间之前一直在进行的动作或存在的状态,或者表示在过去某段时间内反
复发生的动作。
►I had been looking for it for days before I found it.我找了它好多天才找着。
►She had been trying to find a job, but hadn't found any yet.她(当时)一直努力找工作,但还
没找到。
考点5 被动语态
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。一般来说,只有及物
动词才有被动语态,不及物动词没有被动语态。
知识1 被动语态的构成被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。助动词be与主语的人称、数保持一
致,并有时态的变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表(以do为例):
►A new railway is being built in this city.这个城市正在修建一条新的铁路。(现在进行时
的被动语态)
►The railway had been built by the end of last year.这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了。
(过去完成时的被动语态)
►He told us that a new railway would be built next year.他告诉我们下一年将修建一条新
铁路。(宾语从句用的是过去将来时的被动语态)
知识2 不能使用被动语态的情况
1.不及物动词(短语)不用于被动语态,如happen, occur, take place, run out, break out等。
►Fire broke out in the forest.森林里突然发生了火灾。
►When exactly did the incident occur/happen?这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的?
2.一些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有以下几类:
(1)表示状态的动词(短语),如contain, fit, lack, benefit, cost, join, mean, last, look like,
consist of等。
►He looks like his father.他看起来像他父亲。
►The rain lasted three days.雨持续了三天。
(2)表示归属的动词(短语),如have, belong to等。
►The blue car belongs to me.那辆蓝色的汽车属于我。
(3)其他一些常见的及物动词(短语), 如wish, take part in, date back to, agree with, suffer
from, succeed in等。►The custom dates back to the Tang Dynasty.这一习俗可以追溯到唐朝时期。
【特别提醒】 ,受汉语的影响,有些考生可能在写作中将英语中的许多不及物动词(短
语)用于被动语态。
易错点分析
1.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,将直接宾语或间接宾语变成被动句的主语皆可。注意:
如果把直接宾语(物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(人)前加适当的介词。
►我生日那天汤姆送我了一件礼物。
主动:Tom gave me a present on my birthday.
被动:I was given a present by Tom on my birthday.(间接宾语变为主语)
A present was given to me by Tom on my birthday.(直接宾语变为主语)
2.含复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的主动句变为被动句时,一般把主动句中的宾语变为主语,而宾语
补足语保留在谓语动词后面作主语补足语。
►大多数小学要求学生学英语。
主动:Most primary schools require the pupils to learn English.
被动:The pupils are required to learn English by most primary schools.
3.动词短语的被动语态:含有动词短语的句子变为被动语态时,要注意动词短语的完整性,动
词后面的介词或副词不可遗漏。
►His request was turned down.他的要求遭到了拒绝。
►They were looked down upon then.那时他们被瞧不起。
考点6 主谓一致
主谓一致有四个原则:语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致、就近一致和就远一致原则。
知识1 语法形态一致
语法形态一致指的是句子的谓语动词和句子的主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.动词不定式短语、动词-ing短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
►To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think. 学一门外语并不像你想的那
么难。
►Swimming in the river is dangerous. 在河里游泳很危险。
►Whether she comes or not doesn't matter. 她来不来不重要。
【特别提醒】 从句作主语时,若主句谓语部分为系表结构,主句谓语动词的数通常由作
表语的名词/代词决定。
►What they need most is money while what we need most are textbooks.他们最需要的是钱,
而我们最需要的是课本。
2."every/each/no+单数名词+and+every/each/no+单数名词"结构作主语时,谓语动词常用单
数形式。
►Every hour and every minute is very valuable. 每一小时,每一分钟,都很宝贵。
3."many a/more than one+单数名词"作主语时,意义上表示复数,但谓语动词用单数形式。
►Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.
►More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到
►More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。
4."one and a half+复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
►One and a half apples have been eaten by the boy.那个男孩吃了一个半苹果。
5."each of+名词复数"和"each+名词单数"作主语时,谓语用单数,但当"名词复数+each"作主
语时,谓语用复数。►Each of the houses has a security system.=Each house has a security system.=The houses
each have a security system. 每栋房子都有安保系统。
6.复合不定代词someone, anything, nobody, everyone等作主语,以及代词every one, no
one, either, neither, another, the other作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
►Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.世上无难事,只怕有心人。
►We went to see a couple of houses, but neither was suitable. 我们去看了两处房子,但都不
合适。
7.trousers(裤子),clothes(衣服),glasses(眼镜),chopsticks(筷子), scissors(剪刀),compasses(圆
规),gloves(手套)等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但当主语被kind of/type of/pair of等修饰
时,谓语动词的形式通常根据kind/type/pair等的数来确定。
►There is a pair of glasses on the desk, and maybe the glasses are Jack's.桌子上有一副眼镜,
或许眼镜是杰克的。
8.表示"……加(减、乘、除)……"的结构作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数
形式。
►99 and 2 is 101. 99加上2等于101。
►Two times four makes eight.2乘以4等于8。
知识2 逻辑意义一致
逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。
1.由"all (of)/a lot of/plenty of/the rest of+名词"构成的短语以及由"百分数/分数+of+名
词"构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词的数常依据短语中的名词来确定。
►Three quarters of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 地球表面的四分之三被水
覆盖。
►The rest of the apples are red.剩余的苹果是红色的。
►The rest of the ink is black.剩余的墨水是黑色的。
【注意】"the majority of+名词"作主语时,若名词为复数,谓语动词用复数形式;若名
词为集合名词,谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可。
►The majority of the people was/were in favor of banning smoking.大多数人支持禁烟。
2.none (of...)作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式。
►None of the students has/have got a camera. 那些学生都没有相机。
3."a large number of+复数名词"表示"许多……",作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;"the
number of+复数名词"表示"……的数量",作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
►A large number of students are going for a picnic this weekend.这个周末许多学生将去野
餐。
►The number of days in January is 31. 一月份有31天。
4."the+形容词"作主语,若表示一类人,谓语动词用复数形式;若表示一种抽象概念,谓语动词
用单数形式。
►The young, on the one hand, often consider the old conservative; on the other hand, the
old always consider the young inexperienced. 一方面,年轻人常认为老年人保守;另一方面,
老年人总是认为年轻人经验不足。
►The beautiful is not always the useful. 好看的不一定总是有用的。
5.形式为复数、意义为单数的名词(短语)作主语时的主谓一致问题。
(1)表示时间、距离、金额、重量、尺寸、体积等意义的复数名词作主语时通常作整体来
看,谓语动词用单数形式。
►Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。►Ten pounds was missing.十英镑不见了。
(2)news等形式上是复数而意义上是单数的名词以及economics, physics, mechanics,
politics等以-ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
►News is travelling fast nowadays. 如今,消息传播得很快。
(3)国名、人名、报纸名、书名等专有名词有些虽以-s结尾,形式上是复数,但它们作主语
时谓语动词常用单数形式。
►Engels was good at learning foreign languages.恩格斯擅长学外语。
►The United Nations was founded in 1945.联合国于1945年成立。
6.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致问题。
(1)people, police, cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。
►The police are looking into the accident.警方正在调查这起事故。
(2)clothing,poetry,baggage/luggage, furniture,machinery,scenery, jewellery, equipment 等集
合名词通常作不可数名词,表示单数意义,用作主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。
►If your luggage is overweight, you'll have to pay extra.假如你的行李超重了,你得付额外
的费用。
(3)audience, class, crew (全体船员), committee(委员会), family, team,
group, population等作主语时,如果指一个整体,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果指组成集体的
成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。
►Our class is made up of fifty students. 我们班由五十个学生组成。
►Our class work very hard. 我们班的人学习很努力。
7.sheep, means, series, species等单复数同形的名词作主语时,要根据具体情况来确定谓语
动词的数。
8.用both…and连接两个名词/代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
►Both bread and butter were sold out in that store.那家商店卖光了面包和黄油。
9.用 and连接并列成分作主语,表示不同概念时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。
►Water and air are both important. 水和空气都很重要。
若and连接的并列结构指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式,
这时and后面的名词不加冠词。
The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)
A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)
用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作
主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
10.一个不可数名词被两个不同的形容词修饰,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词一般用复
数形式;但如果表示的是同一个概念,则谓语动词用单数形式。
►Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.古代史和现代史是我们正在
学习的科目。
►Cool and fresh wind is blowing from the south.凉爽清新的风正从南方吹来。
知识3 就近一致
在有些英语句子中,主语不止一个,此时谓语动词的人称和数与离其最近的主语保持一致,
我们称之为"就近原则"。1.由…or…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…(but) also…, not…but…连接的名词/代
词作主语时,谓语动词常与最靠近它们的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
►Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to this kind of music. 不仅学生
喜欢听这种音乐,这位老师也喜欢。
►Neither the mother nor the children know anything about it. 母亲和孩子们都不知道这件
事。
2.在there be句型中,真正的主语是两个或多个并列的名词(短语)时,be 的形式与离其最近
的那个名词(短语)保持一致。
►There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.(=There are two knives, a pen
and several books on the table.) 桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
知识4 就远一致
"A+介词(短语)+B"结构作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语A保持一致。常见的这类介词
(短语)有:as well as, rather than, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like,
including, in addition to, combined with等。
►The teacher as well as the students likes the movie. 不仅学生,老师也很喜欢那部电影。
深化拓展
1.定语从句中的主谓一致
定语从句中关系代词作主语时,谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。
►The cake which is on the table is yours.桌子上的那块蛋糕是你的。(先行词是The cake)
►The cakes which are on the table are yours. 桌子上的那些蛋糕是你的。(先行词是The
cakes)
►He married Mary, which was very natural.他娶了玛丽,这是很自然的事。(先行词指前面
整个主句)
►John is one of the students that have the keys.约翰是有钥匙的学生之一。(先行词是the
students)
►John is the only one of the students that has the keys.约翰是唯一有钥匙的学生。(先行词
为one)
【注意】 在"one of+the+复数名词+定语从句"结构中,如果one前面有the only,
the first, the last, the right等对其进行修饰,则one是先行词,定语从句的谓语动
词用单数形式。
2.倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致
(1)倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致。
►A building stands in front of us.→In front of us stands a building.我们面前矗立着一栋楼。
►Rows of fruit trees were on either side.→On either side were rows of fruit trees.两边有一
排排果树。
(2)在"It is/was+被强调的内容+that/who+其他"强调句型中,如果被强调的内容是原来句子
的主语,that (或who)后面的谓语与被强调的内容在人称和数上保持一致。
►I am a doctor.→It is I who am a doctor.我是一名医生。
►The boys are responsible for the accident.→It is the boys who are responsible for the
accident.这些男孩要为这起事故负责。
考查一些固定句型的时态
命题透视 高考中对动词的考查大多需要结合前后文语境来判断时态和语态,但在一些固
定句型中,往往对谓语动词使用何种时态有明确的限制。
方法点拨 牢记固定句型1.Sb.was/were doing sth.when...(一般过去时)
2.Sb.was/were about to do sth.when...(一般过去时)
3.This/It is the first/second/...time that...(现在完成时)
4.This/It was the first/second/...time that...(过去完成时)
5.It is/has been+ 时间段+ since...(一般过去时)
6.It's (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth.
7.在"hardly...when..."和"no sooner...than..."句型中, hardly/no sooner 后用过去完成
时,when/than后用一般过去时。
易错陷阱1：一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点。
【分析】
一般现在 常与always，often，sometimes，usually等连用或通过
时 上下文表示。
常与时间状语连用，或者通过上下文逻辑意思及动词时态
一般过去 来体现。
时 连用时间状语：last week, in 2021, 3 days ago, the
other day, in the past
强调对现在造成的结果和影响，通常与时间段连用。
现在完成
连用时间状语：so far, since, in the past/last 3
时
days, up to now
【高考链接】
（2023年浙江卷 1月）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and
wealthy businessmen often________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted
roof beams and pillars(柱子).
易错分析：对一般规则死记硬背，不具体分析句子结构和句意。在时态题中，上下文的
时态暗示是重要线索。应当在句中瞻前顾后寻找并列连词 and, but, or, rather
than, or, not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
【答案】featured
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻
精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，
再结合and后动词时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
易错陷阱2：一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点。
【分析】
一 般 过
过去的动作或情况。
去时
过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。
过 去 完
连用时间状语：by the end of+过去时间，before+过去
成时
时间。1.下列动词hope、 wish、 expect、 think、 intend、
mean、 suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实
上未能……)”。
特 殊 用 2.This/It/That was the first/second/third ...
法 time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，
that从句中要用过去完成时。
3.hardly ... when ...和no sooner ... than ...两个
句型中，主句均用过去完成时。
易错陷阱3：现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点。
【分析】
现在完成 连用时间状语 so far, since, in the past/last 3
时 days, up to now
过去完成 过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。即“过去的过去”，句
时 中必须出现表示过去的动作、状态或时间状语。
He has been ill for two weeks。他已经病了两个星期
了。
对比 He had been ill for two weeks before she came
back。
在她回来之前，他已经病了两个星期了。
易错陷阱4：主动语态和被动语态易混易错点。
【分析】
Ø受母语干扰，翻译上下文时混淆被动语态与主动语态。
Ø混淆谓语动词被动语态构词be+done与非谓语动词重点过去分词done。
Ø不及物动词及表示主语品质和状态的动词不用被动语态，如：sell, read, write,
lock, wash, drive等。
Ø系动词不用被动语态，如：look看起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, sound听起来,
feel摸起来, prove证明时, turn out结果，证明等
1. You can’t help wondering how hard it________ (be) for the people then to put all those
rocks into place.
2. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest
companies I wrote to ________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. (所给词的适当形式填空)3. It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's
home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it
opened to the publie. （所给词的适当形式填空）
4. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home ________(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary
loved it.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
5. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and
________ (sell) most of their furniture. （所给词的适当形式填空）
6. It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 ________ (consider) healthy.(所给词的适当形式填空）
7. The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in
women and men. In cities, however, the gain ________ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
(所给词的适当形式填空）
8. As it ________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
9. There ________(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past
20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the
United Nations. （所给词的适当形式填空）
1.（2024·江西萍乡·二模）The story of Hua Mulan 120 (inspire) numerous
productions in the globe over centuries, including Disney’s 1998 animated film and 2020 live-
action movie.
2.（2024·河北沧州·一模） Obviously (obvious), the rapid development of China’s
commercial aerospace companies and the domestically developed rockets with cost advantages
130 (benefit) China’s Internet constellation (互联网星座) construction plan greatly in the
future.
3.（2024·贵州·二模）Maze Fist, also known as Mi Zhong Quan, is a traditional martial art
from China. It 141 (know) for its clever footwork and advanced techniques.
（2024·甘肃白银·三模）Each sculpture 155 (base) on a single zodiac animal.
4. （2024·甘肃白银·三模）If you see a snake’s eyes are closed, that 159 (mean)
it is in hibernation (冬眠).
5.（2024·湖北·一模）The world population had doubled between 1960 and 2000, and 164(grow) from 6 billion to 8 billion in the past two decades.
6.（2024·湖北·一模）Nearly three quarters (74 per cent) of the earth’s population 169
(resident) in countries where birth rates are around or below the replacement level.”
7.（2024·陕西安康·模拟预测）He has chosen photography as a powerful medium to call for
more people to safeguard the ocean and its inhabitants. Over the course of a decade, he 177
(dive) over 700 times in these regions from South America to North America and from the Pacific
Ocean to the Indian Ocean.
8.（2024·重庆·二模） The rest, those in the control group, 184 (tell) to “feel
yourself developing new skills.”
9.（2024·新疆喀什·二模） We've also created a series of video lessons with practice tools
that enable you to record yourself and listen back to it to 209 (sure) that your
pronunciation matches the examples.
10.（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）Since its first publication in 1596, the book 216 (receive)
world-wide recognition.
11.（2024·广东湛江·二模）Jiankou 223 (believe) to be one of the most rugged
stretches of the relic.
12.（2024·黑龙江·一模）The sets of lanterns 240 (update) to keep up with other
traditional Chinese festivals, such as the Qingming Festival and the Dragon Bout Festival. Visitor s
can also enjoy folk arts, and Chinese music performances during their lantern-viewing tours.
13.（2024·山西晋中·模拟预测）Local farmers were busy tending to the terraced rice fields that
245 (farm) for over 1, 000 years.
14.（2024·湖南娄底·一模）And as anyone who has heard anything about China 254
(know), with a history of an estimated 5,000 years, that covers a lot of culture!
15.（2024·湖北·一模）Clothes 264 (develop) from previous practical belongings to
today’s social markers: they affect the way we see 265 (us).
