第10 讲 动名词2026 年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通
用）
（语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练）
内容提要
思维导图
表格呈现
对点练习
单题突破
综合提升
一、动名词基础及句法功能（主语 / 表语 / 定语）表
此表格梳理动名词的基础特征及 “作主语、作表语、作定语” 三大核心句法功能，明
确各功能的结构规则、高频场景及与其他非谓语的区分，是掌握动名词基本用法的核心框架。
功能
结构规则
高频示例
关键区分点
基础
特征
形式：动词 - ing；属性：
兼具动词（可带宾语 / 状
语）、名词（可作主 / 宾）
特征；语义：表抽象、习惯
性或已完成动作
reading books
（带宾语）；
running fast（带
状语）
——
作主
语
1. 直接作主语：动词 - ing
置于句首，表抽象概念，谓
语用单数
2. It 作形式主语：用于固定
句型 “It is no use/good +
doing…”（表 “做某事无用
/ 无好处”）
3. There is no doing…：表
1. Swimming is
good for health
2. It is no use
crying over spilt
milk
3. There is no
denying that he is
excellent
不可用不定式表 “习惯
性动作”（错误：To
swim is good for health；
正确：Swimming is good
for health）
功能
结构规则
高频示例
关键区分点
“禁止做某事”，语气强硬
作表
语
系动词（be/seem/appear）后
接动词 - ing，对主语（多
为抽象名词 /what 引导的从
句）进行解释说明，语义上
与主语构成 “等同关系”
1. His job is
teaching English
2. What I enjoy
most is reading in
the library
区别于现在分词作表语
（表主语特征，如 “The
film is exciting” 中
exciting 是现在分词，表
“电影令人兴奋”；动名
词作表语表 “主语是什
么”）
作定
语
动词 - ing 修饰名词，说明
被修饰词的 “用途、性质
或逻辑关系”，多构成 “a
+ doing + 名词” 结构
1. a swimming
pool（用途：用
于游泳的池子）
2. a walking stick
（用途：用于走
路的拐杖）
3. a sleeping bag
（性质：供睡觉
用的袋子）
与其他非谓语作定语区
分：
- 现在分词：表主动 / 进
行（a running man，正在
跑的人）
- 过去分词：表被动 / 完
成（a broken cup，被打碎
的杯子）
- 不定式：表将来（a
meeting to attend，要参加
的会议）
注意事项：
1. 作主语时谓语单复数：无论动名词内容是否为复数（如 “Reading and writing”），谓语均
用单数，不可因动名词为并列结构而用复数（错误：Reading and writing are helpful；正确：
Reading and writing is helpful）；
2. 作表语的语义匹配：需确保动名词与主语在语义上 “等同”，不可表 “主语的特征”
（错误：The task is tiring；正确：The task is finishing the report——tiring 是现在分词，表
“任务令人疲惫” 的特征；finishing 是动名词，表 “任务是完成报告” 的等同关系）；
3. 作定语的用途指向：动名词作定语仅说明 “被修饰词的用途”，不可表 “动作正在进
行”，若需表 “进行中的动作”，需用现在分词作后置定语（错误：a reading student；正确：
a student reading——“reading student” 易误理解为 “供阅读的学生”，逻辑不符）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. __________ (read) classic literature regularly can help us improve our cultural literacy and critical
thinking skills.
2. It is no use __________ (complain) about the heavy traffic; we’d better leave earlier to avoid being
late.
3. The main function of this machine is __________ (print) high-quality documents for the
company’s daily operations.
4. My grandmother still uses a __________ (walk) stick that her father made for her when she was
young.
5. There is no __________ (deny) that environmental protection has become one of the most
important global issues today.
二、动名词作宾语（高频考点）表
此表格聚焦动名词 “作宾语” 的四类核心场景，覆盖 “只接动名词的动词、接 to
do/doing 意义不同的动词、含介词 to 的动词短语、常接省略介词的动词短语”，是语法填
空、写作及单项选择的高频考点，需要强化记忆，加以掌握。
场景
结构规则
高频词汇 / 短语
示例
只接动名
词的动词
动词后仅能接
动词 - ing 作
宾语，不可接
不定式，需牢
记高频动词
mind（介意）、miss（错过）、
enjoy（喜欢）、escape（逃避）、
consider（考虑）、avoid（避免）、
appreciate（感激）、risk（冒险）、
finish（完成）、forbid（禁止）、
imagine（想象）、practise（实
践）、suggest（建议）、delay（延
迟）
She suggested
exercising
regularly.
He avoided
making the
same mistake.
接 to
do/doing
异义的动
词
动词后接不定
式与动名词时
语义差异大，
需根据 “动
作是否已发
生”“动作是
否转换” 区
分
forget（to do 未做 /doing 已做）、
remember（同理）、regret（to do 遗
憾做 /doing 后悔做）、go on（to do
做另事 /doing 继续做）、stop（to
do 做另事 /doing 停做事）、can’t
help（to do 不能帮 /doing 情不自
禁）、mean（to do 打算做 /doing
意味着）、try（to do 努力做 /doing
尝试做）
He forgot to
lock the door
（未做，忘记
要锁门）；He
forgot locking
it（已做，忘
记锁过门）
She stopped to
rest（做另
事，停下来去
休息）；She
stopped talking
（停做事，停
止说话）
含介词
to 的动
词短语
短语中的
“to” 为介
词，后接动词
- ing，不可接
不定式，需注
意与 “to 为
不定式符号”
的短语区分
look forward to（盼望）、be used to
（习惯于）、be accustomed to（习惯
于）、stick to（坚持）、pay
attention to（注意）、devote oneself
to（致力于）、object to（反对）、
be opposed to（反对）、when it
comes to（谈到）、attach importance
to（重视）
We look
forward to
meeting you at
the party.
He is used to
getting up early
on weekends.
常接省略
介词的动
词短语
短语中
“in/from” 可
省略，省略后
仍接动词 -
ing，不影响语
义表达
spend/waste…(in) doing（花费 / 浪
费… 做某事）、be busy/occupied
(in) doing（忙于做某
事）、prevent/stop…(from) doing
（阻止… 做某事）、have
difficulty/trouble (in) doing（做… 有
They spent two
hours (in)
decorating their
new house.
She has trouble
(in) speaking
English
场景
结构规则
高频词汇 / 短语
示例
困难）、have fun (in) doing（做…
很开心）、There is no point/sense (in)
doing（做… 无意义）
fluently.
注意事项：
1. 只接动名词的动词被动语态：若需体现 “被动动作”，需用动名词的被动式（being
done），不可接不定式的被动式（to be done）（错误：He avoided to be criticized；正确：He
avoided being criticized）；
2. 接 to do/doing 异义动词的语境判断：避免仅凭 “翻译” 判断，需结合 “动作时态”
（已做 / 未做）或 “动作对象”（同一动作 / 另一动作）区分，如 “regret to say” 表
“遗憾要告知”（动作未发生），“regret saying” 表 “后悔告知”（动作已发生）；
3. 含介词 to 的短语不可混淆：需明确 “to 为介词”，后接动词 - ing，不可因 “to 常接
不定式” 而误接 to do（错误：look forward to meet；正确：look forward to meeting）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The manager suggested __________ (hold) a meeting next Monday to discuss the new marketing
strategy with all team members.
2. She regretted __________ (not take) her teacher’s advice to study abroad, as she now finds it hard
to get a good job in her field.
3. We are looking forward to __________ (meet) the famous scientist at the academic conference to
be held next month.
4. The little boy has difficulty __________ (express) his thoughts clearly, so his parents often read
picture books with him to improve his language skills.
5. He tried __________ (fix) the broken radio by himself, but he finally had to ask a professional
technician for help.
三、动名词特殊形式（时态语态 / 被动意义）表
此表格梳理动名词的 “时态语态形式” 及 “主动形式表被动意义” 两类特殊用法，
解决 “何时用一般式 / 完成式”“何时主动形式能表被动” 等易错问题，是语法填空的细
节考点，尤其需注意完成式的动作先后逻辑和被动意义的适用场景。
类别
结构规则
适用场景
示例
时态
语态
形式
1. 一般式（主动）：doing（表动
名词动作与主句动作同时发生或稍
后发生，无明显先后）
2. 一般式（被动）：being done
（表动名词动作被承受，且与主句
1. 一般式：
动作无先
后，或需体
现 “被动但
无先后”
1. He enjoys reading
novels（一般式主动，
无先后）
2. She was proud of
being selected as the
类别
结构规则
适用场景
示例
动作同时发生）
3. 完成式（主动）：having done
（表动名词动作先于主句动作完
成，有明确先后顺序）
4. 完成式（被动）：having been
done（表动名词动作被承受且先于
主句动作完成）
5. 否定式：not + doing/not +
having done（否定词 “not” 必须
置于动名词前，不可后置）
2. 完成式：
动作有明确
先后，需强
调 “先发
生”
3. 否定式：
表 “未做 /
没做” 某动
作
leader（一般式被动，
同时发生）
3. They praised him for
having saved the child
（完成式主动，先救人
后被表扬）
4. He regretted not
having finished the work
on time（否定完成式，
没按时完成）
主动
形式
表被
动意
义
1. 适用动
词：want/need/require/deserve（表
“需要 / 值得”），后接 doing，
等同于 “to be done”
2. 固定结构：be worth doing（表
“某事值得被做”），仅用主动形
式，不可用被动形式（being
done）
1. 主语为
“物”，需
体现 “被处
理、被评
价” 的语义
2. 不可用被
动式，避免
语义重复或
语法错误
1. The room needs
cleaning = The room
needs to be cleaned（房
间需要被打扫）
2. His suggestion is
worth considering（他
的建议值得被考虑，不
可说 is worth being
considered）
注意事项：
1. 完成式的使用限制：仅当动名词动作 “明确先于主句动作” 时才用完成式，若无先后顺
序，需用一般式（错误：He enjoys having read novels；正确：He enjoys reading novels——“喜
欢读小说” 无先后，用一般式）；
2. 主动表被动的动词范围：仅 want/need/require/deserve/be worth 适用，其他动词不可随意套
用（错误：The book wants reading；正确：The book is worth reading——“want reading” 虽语
法成立，但日常表达中更常用 “be worth reading”，语义更自然）；
3. be worth 的主语限制：主语需是 “事或物”，不可是人，若需表达 “人值得被表扬”，
需转换主语（错误：He is worth praising；正确：His behavior is worth praising）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The singer was praised for __________ (donate) a large amount of money to help the poor
children in remote areas last year.
2. The problem __________ (discuss) at yesterday’s meeting is still under further research by the
company’s R&D department.
3. This old building needs __________ (repair) as soon as possible, as some parts of the walls have
started to fall off.
4. His proposal is worth __________ (consider) because it can effectively reduce the company’s
operating costs without affecting product quality.
5. They apologized for __________ (not inform) us of the change in the meeting time earlier, which
caused us a lot of trouble.
四、动名词复合结构表
此表格梳理动名词复合结构的 “标准形式” 与 “省略形式”，明确两种形式的结构规
则、适用场景及语义功能，可用于写作中表达 “某人做某事” 的抽象概念，也能辅助理解
长难句中 “所属关系” 的动名词结构，是提升句式复杂度的重要语法点。
类型
结构规则
适用场景
示例
标准
形式
1. 名词所有格 +
doing（如 Jane’s
doing，表 “简的
某动作”）
2. 形容词物主代词
+ doing（如 her
doing，表 “她的
某动作”）
作主语、表语或
宾语，正式语境
（如书面语、学
术写作）常用，
强调 “动作的
所属关系”，语
义更严谨
1. Jane’s coming to the party made
us happy（作主语，强调 “简的
到来”）
2. The problem is her not taking the
risk seriously（作表语，强调 “她
的不重视”）
3. I really appreciate your helping
me with the project（作宾语，强调
“你的帮助”）
省略
形式
1. 名词普通格 +
doing（如 Jane
doing，省略所有格
“’s”）
2. 人称代词宾格 +
doing（如 me
doing，用宾格替代
形容词物主代词）
作表语或宾语，
非正式语境（如
口语、日常写
作）常用，可简
化表达，避免结
构复杂
1. He doesn’t mind me using his
computer（作宾语，口语中常用
“me using” 替代 “my using”）
2. The funny part is Tom falling off
the bike（作表语，用 “Tom
falling” 替代 “Tom’s falling”，更
简洁）
注意事项：
1. 标准形式的主语优先：当复合结构作主语时，需用标准形式（名词所有格 / 形容词物主代
词 + doing），不可用省略形式（错误：Jane doing made us happy；正确：Jane’s doing made
us happy）；
2. 省略形式的场景限制：仅作表语或宾语时可用省略形式，作主语时不可用，避免语法错误；
3. 名词所有格的特殊情况：若名词为复数（如 “the students”）或集合名词（如 “the
team”），所有格仍用 “’s”（the students’ doing/the team’s doing），不可直接用普通格（错
误：the students doing；正确：the students’ doing）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. Tom’s __________ (arrive) late for the important meeting made the manager very angry with
him.
2. I really appreciate your __________ (help) me prepare for the job interview, as your suggestions
were very useful.
3. The problem is Mary’s __________ (not finish) her work on time, which has delayed the entire
project’s progress.
4. The teacher didn’t mind the students’ __________ (ask) questions during the lecture, as long as
they raised their hands first.
5. Our __________ (complete) the task ahead of schedule surprised our boss, who originally
thought we would need two more weeks.
一、单句语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Now the forestry authority has set up fixed water and hay-feeding
points in the reserve to prevent the wild asses
(starve). (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）On their return, the father asked his son
(explain) what he had learnt. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．（2022·广东深圳·模拟预测） (equip) with a higher educational background increases
your chance of having a promising career in the future.(所给词的适当形式填空)
4．（2025 高三上·江苏·专题练习）It took him a while to adjust to
(work) night
shifts. （所给词的适当形式填空）
5．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）I believed that motorcycle riders were tough and leather-wearing
loners. They seemed (look) for trouble all the time, using the roar of a motorcycle
engine to frighten others off. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）I am looking forward to
(receive) your
letter. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）At the 2016 Oscar ceremony, DiCaprio’s (win)
the award for Best Actor impressed all the audience present. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when
they are not hungry, which often leads to
(eat) too many calories from foods that
have low nutritional value. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）It’s the same today. If students have the right resources
(explore) ideas for themselves, many people can “teach” – including carers and parents during a
pandemic (流行病). (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）Recycling in the home is very important of course. However,
(force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. (所给词的适当形式填
空)
11．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）Picking a great gift requires
(know) the person
you’re giving it to. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）Learning does not only happen when someone older puts
information into the learner’s mind. Think about how often children and even adults learn from trial
and error, from learning to ride a bike to (use) a new technology. (所给词的适当形
式填空)
13．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）There are some ways to untie the mess we’re creating in the
world’s oceans, including (expand) our idea of seafood to include jellyfish. (所给词
的适当形式填空)
14．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）Now, we’re one step closer to (find) an answer.
According to the Kepler space telescope, about half the stars similar in temperature to our Sun could
have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）On the back of a motorcycle,
(place) all
your trust in someone to get you safely home is a way to remind you of the love they have for you.
(所给词的适当形式填空)
Passage 1
（2024·广东江苏·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding
Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how
the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective
2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼
片)” made of glass and aluminium ( 铝). These sepals open on warm days
3
(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4
(close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors
through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species
came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7
(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that
guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for
visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design,
to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps
along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to
come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England.
Passage 2
（2023·上海·高考真题）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the
passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank
with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve
long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence
and certainty. 1 , patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a
straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition
imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent 2
when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information
overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are
3
black or white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’
expectations haven’t 4 , either.
“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”,
says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you
think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about 5 uncertainty, not about
creating certainty. ”
Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be 6 working in a field in
which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches
medical students how to diagnose an ailment (小恙), he tells them to 7 their
inquiry ---- come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution.
“Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what
would be the best 8 and what the outcomes will be in the long run.”
Technology has helped 9 the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point
where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more
10
diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical
School, sees such developments as both a/an 11 and an opportunity. On one
hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an 12 level of certainty. Do this
test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease. ”
On the other hand, computers can’t 13 a diagnosis or a treatment to
patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your
age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of
finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also 14 quite precisely the risk of
developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, 15
, is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of
becoming a cancer.
Passage 3
（2025·黑龙江大庆·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
Near the village of Hengkeng in China’s Zhejiang province, there’s a bamboo forest with an
open-air theatre, also made of bamboo. The incredible thing, however, is 1 no
bamboo was actually cut to build the theater. Instead, living bamboo trees
2
(bend) and roped until they formed a dome (穹顶) with a circular opening at the top.
The so-called Bamboo Theater was designed by Xu Tiantian of DnA Design and Architecture
to provide a space 3 cultural activities for the local community. Together with
seven other 4 (project) from across China, it’s been highlighted in an
exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York that seeks 5 (change)
people’s understanding of the country’s approach to contemporary architecture.
Titled “Reuse, Renew, Recycle: Recent Architecture from China”, the exhibition presents a
new generation of Chinese architects who are promoting 6 (society) and
environmental sustainability by transforming industrial buildings, 7 (recycle)
materials, and reinterpreting ancient building techniques.
Nowadays, the meaning of sustainability is often defined by a large number of standards 8
certifications rather than the lived, spatial experience. But the exhibition introduces a more delicate
definition 9 (inspire) by the use of traditional materials and a stronger 10
(connect) between architecture and nature.
“We want to redirect the global conversation to ecological approaches to architecture,” says
Martino Stierli, who organized the exhibition along with Evangelos Kotsioris.
Passage 4
（2025·上海杨浦·模拟预测）Directions: After reading the passage below: fill in the blanks
to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in
each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits
each blank.
On September 3, 2025, China will hold a grand military parade in Beijing to observe the 80th
anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression
and the World Anti-Fascist War. Under the theme “Commemorating the Great Victory, Upholding
Peace and Development,” the event aims to honor historical memory, pay tribute to national heroes,
cherish the value of peace, and inspire generations 1 (come).
2 (last) approximately 70 minutes, the parade will consist of 45
formations, 3 include an aerial flag guard, marching infantry units (步兵部队),
honor guards carrying historic battle flags, mechanized columns, and aerial flyovers. Notably, the
equipment part 4 (showcase) a range of China’s domestically developed main
battle systems currently in active service, reflecting the remarkable progress
5
(achieve) in national defense technology. The display will feature new-generation armored ( 装甲)
vehicles, advanced aircraft, and state-of-the-art unmanned systems, underlining the country’s
dedication to 6 (modernize) its armed forces.
A highlight will be the performance 7 the joint military band.
Comprising 14 rows symbolizing the 14 years of resistance and 80 trumpet players representing the
80th anniversary, the band will perform iconic wartime melodies, evoking a profound sense of
historical continuity and national spirit.
This parade is not merely a display of military strength 8 a solemn
commitment to upholding peace and learning from history. 9 officials have
emphasized, it will not only highlight China’s advancements in defense technology but also reaffirm
10 unwavering commitment to contributing to global peace and stability. The
attendance of international guests and war veterans will further highlight the worldwide importance
of this historic occasion.
Passage 5
（2025·福建福州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
A new sand-yellow cave theater built on the edge of the Gobi Desert in Dunhuang City is
bringing the relics 1 life.
The new performance 2 (stage) at the theater, Ancient Sounds of
Dunhuang, draws inspiration from the Mogao Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The dance,
musical instruments, and even melodies (旋律) the show 3 (present) all come
from the murals (壁画).
“The audience can hear the timbre of the Indian pipa and the Persian konghou 4
enjoy the elegant dance performance, a perfect showcase of 5 Chinese and
Western art mixed in Dunhuang in ancient times,” said Zhang Hua, the director.
Cultural 6 (diverse) is Dunhuang’s name card. This cultural exchange,
rooted in its history as a key Silk Road site, has not only shaped Dunhuang’s past but also guided its
approach to preserving and 7 (share) with the world the timeless heritage,
inspiring innovations that bridge 8 (glory) traditions with modern technology.
Since the 1980s, authorities in Dunhuang 9 (begin) international
cooperation in the protection of cultural relics. 10
(protect) cultural relics
digitally, Dunhuang Academy has borrowed advanced foreign technology, established a set of
digitization procedures and become a leader in the field of cultural relics protection in China.
