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第 12 讲 动名词和现在分词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航····························································································································2
02 知识导图·思维引航····························································································································3
03 考点突破·考法探究····························································································································4
【基础详单】 ············································································································································4
知识点1 动名词和现在分词的区别 ·······················································································4
知识点2 -ing的时态和语态 ···································································································4
考点一 动名词的句法功能····················································································································5
知识点1 作宾语 ························································································································5
知识点2 作定语 ························································································································6
知识点3 作主语 ························································································································7
知识点4 作表语 ························································································································7
知识点5 动名词的复合结构 ···································································································7
知识点6 动名词的主动形式表被动含义 ················································································8
考点二 现在分词的句法功能
知识点1 作状语 ························································································································9
知识点2 作定语 ·····················································································································10
知识点3 作表语 ·····················································································································11
知识点4 作补语 ·····················································································································10
知识点5 现在分词用于独立主格结构 ··················································································11
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 ·································································································································12
2.命题演练 ·································································································································12题型 考情统计 考情分析
年份 卷别 现在分词 动名词 考点 新旧高考英语语法填
空有关动词的题对
2024 新高考Ⅰ卷 engineering 作定语
比：
新高考Ⅰ卷 wanting 作宾补
新高考：分析近年高
新 高 考 II visiting 作定语 考真题可知，新高考
语法 卷 在命题考查加重对非
2023
填空 全国甲卷 borrowing warning 作状语、宾语 谓语动词知识点的考
、 全国乙卷 Having visited recording 作状语、宾语 查，对非谓语动词的
改错 北京卷 facing 作定语 各种形式，结合语态
进行综合设题，难度
新高考I卷 Covering 作状语
较大。
新 高 考 II falling 作定语
旧高考：侧重动词时
卷
态和主谓一致，相对
2022 全国甲卷 planning staying （ 改 作状语
简单。
错）
全国乙卷 inviting causing(改错) 作状语、时态
浙江6月卷 existing 作定语
浙江1月卷 changing 作时态
复习目标：
1. 熟练掌握非谓语动词的三种基本形式及动词不定式、-ing分词和过去分词的基本用法；
2. 掌握现在分词、过去分词、动名词及不定式的用法区别；
3. 辨析动名词、现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式的常见用法错误。【基础详单】
知识点1 动名词和现在分词的区别
形式：动名词和现在分词都是在动词原形后加-ing构成，但在句中充当的作用不同。
功能：动名词用法： 动名词主要起名词的作用，在句子中充当名词的角色，可以有复数形式和所有
格。可以作为主语、宾语、表语和定语等。
现在分词的用法：主要描述动作的进行状态或性质，在句中不能单独作谓语，具有形容词的特
性。在句中作定语、表语、状语和补语，有时态和语态的变化。
知识点2 -ing分词的时态和语态
时态 主动形式 被动形式
一 般
doing being done
式
完 成
having done having been done
式
【名师提醒】1. 现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动作同时发生；现在分词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语
动词的动作之前。
例1. Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him.
在街上走着，他听到有人叫他。（walk down与hear同时发生）
例2. Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
我们几乎花光了所有的钱，没有钱住宾馆了。（spend发生在afford之前）
【名师提醒】2. 现在分词的主动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的执行者；现在分词的被动形式表示逻
辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者。
例1. Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.（we是know动作的执行者）
由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她取得联系。
例2. The area being studied is called an archeological site.
正在被研究的那个地方被称作考古地。（the area是study的承受者。）
例3. Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
那天晚上我因为被要求加班而错过了一场好看的电影。（现在分词的完成被动形式）考点一 动名词句法功能
知识点1 作宾语
下列动词后只接动名词作宾语
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon ; 考虑建议盼原谅；
admit, delay/put off, fancy; 承认推迟没得想；
avoid,miss, keep/keep on, practise; 避免错过继续练；
deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏；
forbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险；
can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡；
【名师提醒】 1.动名词除了可以作动词的宾语外，还可以作介词的宾语，下列动词词组后接动名词作宾语。
be used to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand, give up, feel
like, insist on, put off, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.； spend...(in) doing sth.； There is no
point/sense (in) doing sth.; have a good/wonderful/hard time (in); be bust (in)等动词词组也要接动名词作
宾语。
例1.I’m considering changin g a job .我正考虑换份工作。
例2.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon . 我盼望者很快收到你的来信。
典例 1. （2023·全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.
However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction.
典例2. （2024·河南省信阳高级中学质量检测）Unlike military-style travel, Citywalk is about walking around a
city on foot, soaking up (感受) the atmosphere and (find) unusual things that even a resident of the city
might not have noticed before.
变式训练（2024·云南省名校第一次月考）It’s designed to be included into existing seating systems, without
(require) any major structural changes. The design team hopes to eventually see the convertible chairs
installed on every plane.
be used to do被用来做 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事；
be used to doing习惯于；适应于； forget doing sth 忘记已经做过某事；
remember to do sth记住去做某事； regret to do sth遗憾去做某事；
remember doing sth记得曾经做过某事； regret doing sth后悔做过某事；
stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事； try to do sth努力/试图做某事；
stop doing sth停止做一件事； try doing sth尝试着做某事；mean to do sth已与/企图做某事； go on to do sth（做完某事）接着做另一件
mean doing sth意味着做某事； 事；go on doing sth继续做同一件事；
can’t help to do sth不能帮助做某事； can’t help doing sth情不自禁地做某事；
例1. I forget posting (having post) the letter. 我忘了寄了信了。（信已寄）
I forget to post the letter. 我忘了寄信了。（信没寄）
例2. When hearing the bad news, he couldn ’ t help crying . 当听到这个坏消息时，他忍不住哭起来。
Sorry, I am too busy now. I can ’ t help (to) clean the room. 很抱歉，我现在很忙，我不能帮忙打
扫房间。
知识点2 作定语
动名词做定语往往表示被修饰名词的某种用途
a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing
a fishing net渔网；
a swimming pool游泳池；
a reading room阅览室；
a sleeping car卧铺车厢
知识点3 作主语
用法 句型
1.位于句首，动名词直接作主语。 Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。
2. It 作形式主语，动名词作真正主 It is no use/good doing….
语。
3.用于There is no doing…固定句型。 There is no denying...
例1. It’s no use regretting your past mistakes .后悔过去的错误是没有用的。
例2. Being injured in the foot made it impossible for me to walk fast.脚受伤使我无法快速行走。
例3. Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things
out. 直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。
典例1.________ (have) a good teacher makes a big difference when you’re learning to drive.
典例2. ___________(expose) to the sunlight for a long time does harm to one’s health.
知识点4 作表语
动名词做表语时和主语通常是对等的关系，主语和表语可以互换位置。Your task is cleaning the windows. = Cleaning the windows is your task.
What I hate most is being laughed at. = Being laughed at is what I hate most.
My job is cleaning the house three times a week.＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.
知识点5 动名词的复合结构
当动名词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，应在动名词前加上其逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构，
1. 形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+doing。
I insist on Mary's going there. 我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。
Her coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。
2. 人称代词宾格/名词普通格+doing。
He suggested students going to school on foot. 他建议学生们步行上学。
I wonder, Mr Tim, if you’d mind us asking some question. Tim先生，不知您是否介意我们问几个
问题。
【易错提醒】动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时，逻辑主语只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
例1. His being late again made the manager angry. 他又一次迟到让经理非常生气。
例2. It has led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English.
这也导致了大量的美语单词和结构进入了英式英语中。
知识点6 主动形式表被动含义
场合 示例
want/need/require doing=to be done需要做某事 My room requires cleaning every day. 我的房间每天需要打
扫。
be worth doing=be worthy of being done值得做 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
deserve doing=deserve to be done值得做 He deserved to be punished.=He deserved punishing.他应受惩
罚。
【题点练全】 单句语法填空
1. What made me angry is my not ________(allow) to see my parents.
2. I was afraid of my ________(make) fun of in front of my classmates.
3. It is worth ________ (introduce) new technology from abroad.
4. It’s a waste of time ________(spend) so much time chatting.
5. ________ (have) a car of my own is what I have been dreaming of.
6. She didn’t mind me _________ (take) her book without her permission.考点二 现在分词的句法功能
知识点1 作状语
1.现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。在句中表示结
果、时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式等状语。
2.如果状语从句主语和谓语是it is或主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。（即连
接词 + 现在分词 ：表示与主语之间主动关系）
【易错提醒】有些分词短语没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，作为句子的独立成分修饰全句，表明说话者的
态度、观点等。如：generally speaking（一般来说）， strictly speaking（严格来说）， roughly speaking
（大致来说）， judging from/by（由......来判断）。
例1：Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。
例2： When asking for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and
rewarding.
当被问及对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得这份工作非常有趣，也很有收获。
典例1.（2023·全国甲卷） “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy
peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___ _ ___ (borrow) some familiar words from many
age-old fables.
典例2.（2024·江苏泰州·模拟预测）We’ve offered green energy equipment and services to over 100 countries
and regions, (project) a responsible image of China.
【变式训练】1.When (perform), in addition to singing, performers use well-established movements to
express certain emotions and meanings.recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
【变式训练】2.The event is celebrated around the world in different forms of readings and ceremonies,
(honor) poets of high achievements.
知识点2 作定语
现在分词作定语与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。动名词作定语表示所修饰
名词的用途，不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
例1. There are lots of students wishing to join us.有许多学生想加入我们。（现在分词作定语）=There are lots of students who wish to join us.
例2. There are two teachin g buildings in our school.我们学校有两座教学楼。（动名词作定语表用途）
例3. The lecture, starting at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with
telescopes. （现在分词作定语）讲座于昨晚7点开始，接下来是用望远镜观测月球。
典例1.（2024·浙江·二模）The mobile nature of the machine made it the perfect production machine to serve
customers _____ (attend) outdoor sporting events, or circuses and fairs.
典例2.（2024·高三·福建模拟）（Your life and career don’t rely on the ideas (bounce)around in
your heads but your down-to-earth actions.
【变式训练】1.He wrote a book (document) his prison experiences.
【变式训练】2.The Prints-A Riot of Colors, an exhibition (feature) some 130 prints created by
generations of Chinese artists, the oldest one of which dates back to the 1930s, opened on Monday at the Guardian
Art Center in Beijing.
知识点3 作表语
动名词作表语表示抽象的一般性的行为；分词作表语说明主语的性质或状态。
He’s amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we’re getting bored.
他很风趣，而且当他认为我们感到厌烦时，就会给我们讲笑话。
例1. The news that our team had won was very inspiring.
我们队获胜的消息非常鼓舞人心。
例2. Your idea sounds very interesting.
你的想法听起来很有趣。
知识点4 作补语
1. 现在分词作宾补，动词与宾语之间有逻辑主谓关系，说明宾语的性质、特征或强调正在进行的主
动动作。变成被动语态时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。常跟现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：感官
动词（see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。）
2. with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；
with＋宾语＋to do表示将要发生的动作。
例1. Jenny could hear them arguin g outside. 珍妮能听到他们在外面争论。（宾语补足语）
例2. An undeserved success is like a medal that is found lyin g in th e stree t.（主语补足语）
例3. If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets , they are United Nations peace keepers.（宾语补足
语）如果拟看到戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。
例4. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them .
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
例5. With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job.
截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
例6. With a lot of work to do , she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
典例1.（2024·全国高三模拟）With our eyes (contact) together, I figured out the reason why he
didn’t appear at the scene.
典例2.（2024·浙江高三模拟）No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two
seems greedy, and so I am always left (want) more next time.
【变式训练】1.Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, with all his attention (fix) on it.
【变式训练】2.I saw some elderly people (practice) Tai Chi slowly. I stopped and watched their
movements closely.
知识点5 现在分词用于独立主格
动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句的主语。若其逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，应
当在-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，构成动词-ing形式的独立主格结构，逻辑主语与动词之间为主谓关系，是
分词动作的执行者，分词表示的动作是逻辑主语发出的动作，在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和
方式状语。
例1.We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.
我们加倍努力，每个人就像两个人一样干活。
例2.The governor considering the matter, more strikes gathered across his path.
州长思考这个问题时，跟多的罢工工人聚集在他要通过的路上。
例3.Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.如果情况如此的话，你没有理由解雇
他。
例4.The boy leading the way, we had no trouble arriving at the village.
小男孩领着路，我们毫不费力地到达了村子。
一、 真题实战
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.（2023新高考I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I amalways left (want) more next time.
2.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful
existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old
fables.
3. (2022 全国乙卷) To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public
promotional activities on social media, ___________(invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world
to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
4. (2022全国甲卷） He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, ___________ (plan) to hike
back to Xi’an in five months.
5.(2021新高考I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole
adventure that offers a place where you can sit down to rest your (ache) legs.
二、 命题演练
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.（2024·江苏泰州·模拟预测）The significance of harmony in Chinese culture cannot be overstated. It has
shaped China’s approach to international relations, (highlight) harmonious coexistence and shared
benefit.
2.（2024·广西北海高三·模拟预测） (face)the confluence(汇流处)of Minjiang, Dadu River and Qingyi
River,the 71-meter-tall Giant Buddha of Leshan is one of the most important cultural treasures of China.
3.（2024·重庆·模拟预测）A pedestrian lane runs more than 4,000 meters through the tropical forest, _______
(ensure) close contact with nature.
4.（23-24高三·江西·开学考试）Years later, Gui Haichao attended Beihang University, (major) in
spacecraft design and engineering.
5.（23-24高三·四川·期中）Along the way, we met fellow travelers, all (pursue) the same goal: the
sunrise.
6.（2024·湖南·一模） (cover) an area of more than 40 mu, the museum forms a unique cultural
landscape of ancient Kingdom of Shu in Chinese history.
7.（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）Over 400 pieces of Dehua white porcelain (德化白瓷) are on display in the
National Museum of China in Beijing, with the exhibition (run) from Aug 26 for three months.
8.（2024高三·山西太原·期末）Since May, an EL Nino system has heated the atmosphere in the tropical Pacific,
(lead) to a rise in global temperatures.
9. （2024高三·黑龙江大庆·期末）Ken has really got the job because he showed me the official letter
(offer) him it.
10.（2024·河南·南阳高三模拟）Make sure the document (download) now is safe enough.
