第19 讲 动词不定式
目录
01 课标达标练
考向01 考查不定式作主语
考向02 考查不定式作宾语
考向03 考查不定式作表语
考向04 考查不定式作定语
考向05 考查不定式作补语
考向06 考查不定式作状语
考向07 考查不定式的特殊用法
02 核心突破练
03 真题溯源练
考向01 考查不定式作主语
在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
1.He believes that it’s very important (read) English every morning in order to learn it well.
【答案】to read
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他认为,为了学好英语,每天早上读英语是非常重要的。句中使用了
“it’s + 形容词 + to do sth.”的固定句型,表示“做某事是……的”,其中it 为形式主语,真正的主语是后
面的动词不定式短语,所以空处应用动词不定式形式to read。故填to read。
2.It’s a comfort for me (see) they are brighter than ten years ago.
【答案】to see
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:看到他们比十年前更聪明,我感到很欣慰。see 在句中应用非谓语动词
形式,句首It 为形式主语,空处应使用动词不定式作真正主语。故填to see。
3.It’s up to all of us (try) to solve the problems in our neighbourhoods.
【答案】to try
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们所有人都有责任努力解决我们社区的问题。“It’s up to sb. to do sth.”
是固定句型,意为“做某事是某人的责任/取决于某人”,因此此处应用动词不定式to try。故填to try。
4.There is no doubt that it is vital (have) a good command of some knowledge of first aid.
【答案】to have
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:毫无疑问,熟练掌握一些急救知识是至关重要的。此处为固定句型“It
is vital to do sth.”,其中“it”是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语,所给词“have”是动词,所以
此处为不定式形式to have。故填to have。
5.It’s not easy to (distinguish) between a student who is bored and one who is tired.
【答案】distinguish
【详解】考查动词原形。句意:区分一个感到无聊和一个感到疲倦的学生并不容易。分析句子结构可知,
这里考查It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.,是固定句型,其中to 后接动词原形,构成不定式作真正主语。所给词
distinguish 本身为动词,意为“区分;辨别”,因此直接填入原形即可。故填distinguish。
6.It’s not easy (be) the CEO of Meta these days. Mark Zuckerberg is reminded of that most
mornings the second he wakes up.
【答案】to be
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这年头当Meta 的首席执行官可不容易。马克·扎克伯格在大多数早晨一
醒来就会想起这件事。此处为it be adj. to do sth.,不定式作真正主语,故填to be。
7. (change) bad habits is never easy, but as long as you persist, you will succeed.
【答案】To change
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:改变坏习惯从来都不是一件容易的事,但只要你坚持,你就会成功。设
空处应填动词不定式作主语,强调“改变”这个动作需要主动执行,位于句首时,首字母需大写。故填To
change。
8.Although it costs two hours (cook) this special dish, the final taste is great.
【答案】to cook
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然做这道特色菜要花两个小时,但最后的味道非常棒。结合“it costs
two hours”可知,此处应用固定句型“It costs+时间+to do”表示“做某事花费多少时间”,空处应用
cook“烹饪”的不定式形式,作真正的主语。故填to cook。
9.I suppose it never occurred to him (meet) with such a big problem.
【答案】to meet
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我想他从未想到会遇到这么大的问题。句中it 为形式主语,空处应用动
词不定式作真正的主语;occur to sb.“某人突然想到”。故填to meet。
10.For this job it is desirable (know) something about medicine.
【答案】to know
【详解】考查固定句型。句意:做这份工作最好能懂点医学。此处为“it 作形式主义,不定式短语作真正
主语”结构,即“it is desirable + to do sth.”,表示“做某事是可取的、理想的”,所以此处使用动词不定
式形式。故填to know。
考向02 考查不定式作宾语
在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
11.Working as a manager, Ms Smith found it hard (balance) between work and her family.
【答案】to balance
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:作为一名经理,史密斯女士发现很难在工作和家庭之间取得平衡。
“find it + 形容词 + to do sth”是固定句型,其中it 为形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式,此处需
用动词balance“平衡”的不定式 to balance。故填to balance。
12.He preferred (observe) the festival with his family in the countryside .
【答案】 to observe
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他更喜欢和家人在乡下过这个节日。分析句子结构可知,这里考查
prefer to do sth.,为固定搭配,意为“更喜欢做某事”;observe 的不定式形式为to observe,符合语境。故
填to observe。
13.His father expected (own) a factory when he was young and he got one at last.
【答案】to own
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他的父亲年轻时期望拥有一家工厂,最终他拥有了一家工厂。空处位于
动词expected 之后,应填动词不定式作宾语,expect to do sth.意为“期望做某事”。故填to own。
14.As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area need (repair).
【答案】repairing/to be repaired
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于严重的水灾,该地区三分之二的建筑物需要维修。“need”作实义动
词时,后接动名词形式表示被动含义,即“need doing sth.”相当于“need to be done”,此处表示建筑物需要
被维修,所以用“repair”的动名词形式repairing 或者不定式的被动形式to be repaired。故填repairing/to be
repaired。
15.During my first visit to Italy, I struggled (ask) for directions or order in a restaurant.
【答案】to ask
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在我第一次访问意大利期间,我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。struggle to do
sth.“努力做某事,做某事有困难”,固定搭配,所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语。故填to ask。
16.We are seeking (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.
【答案】to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们正在努力找到一种能让我们与周围人友好相处的方法。seek to do
sth.是固定搭配,意为“努力做某事、试图做某事”,其中不定式to do sth.作宾语。故填to find。
17.We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend (bias) data, like the
greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it.
【答案】to bias
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们对探究抽样中容易使数据产生偏差的方面特别感兴趣,比如公民科
学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片,而不是旁边的草。tend to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“倾向于做某
事”,所以此处应用动词不定式to bias 作宾语。故填to bias。
18.The new hybrid rice has helped (boost) rice production in many developing countries.
【答案】boost/to boost
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这种新型杂交水稻有助于提高许多发展中国家的水稻产量。句子中has
helped 后接动词不定式作宾语时,可省略to,用动词原形。故填boost/to boost。
19.It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party so long as we all volunteer (help).
【答案】to help
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:只要我们都自愿帮忙,聚会结束后收拾干净不会花太长时间。volunteer
to do sth.“自愿做某事”,所以此处为动词不定式作宾语。故填to help。
20.The air pollution is one of the issues that deserve (mention).
【答案】mentioning/to be mentioned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:空气污染是值得一提的问题之一。“deserve”后接动名词时,主动形式
表示被动意义,即deserve doing sth.相当于“deserve to be done sth.”,均意为“值得被做”,此处
“mention”与that 指代的先行词“issues”之间存在被动关系,因此可以用动名词的主动形式mentioning 或
动词不定式的被动形式to be mentioned。故填mentioning/to be mentioned。
考向03 考查不定式作表语
在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
21.His first job as a systems analyst was (reorganize) the way the store’s stock was recorded.
【答案】to reorganize
【详解】考查不定式。句意:作为一名系统分析师,他的第一份工作是重新整理商店的库存记录方式。句
子主语是job,空格处用不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容,故填to reorganize。
22.Her real ambition is (be) a movie star, not just an actress on the stage.
【答案】to be
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她真正的志向是成为一名电影明星,而不仅仅是舞台上的女演员。句中
系动词is 后需接表语,此处应用动词不定式作表语,说明主语的具体内容或目的。故填to be。
23.She was as much (blame)for the breakup of their marriage as he was.
【答案】to blame
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:她对于他们婚姻的破裂所应承担的责任和他一样多。根据上文的be 动词
was 可知,此处用提示词的动词不定式形式构成固定搭配be to blame 表示“应受责备、负有责任”,强调
状态。故答案为to blame。
24.Campbell’s point is (wake) up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world
leaders.
【答案】to wake
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:坎贝尔的观点是唤醒那些对人工智能负责的人——科技公司和世界领导
人。空处需填非谓语动词作表语,结合语境可知,此处表示目的,需填动词不定式。故填to wake。
25.As a college graduate, his life goal is (devote) himself to the field where he is most needed.
【答案】to devote
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名大学毕业生,他的人生目标是将自己投身于最需要他的领域。
句中已有系动词is,且无其它连词,故devote 应用非谓语动词形式;此处“is”后需要用动词不定式作表
语,用来解释说明主语“his life goal”的具体内容,表示将要发生的动作。故填to devote。
26.Group leader’s duty is (ensure) that all pupils in his group understand and practice what the
teacher has taught.
【答案】to ensure
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:组长的职责是确保小组中的所有学生都理解并练习老师所教的内容。设
空处应填动词不定式作表语,说明主语Group leader’s duty 的具体内容。故填to ensure。
27.For a humble person, one of the hardest things might be to (critic) other people.
【答案】criticize/criticise
【详解】考查不定式。句意:对一个谦逊的人来说,最困难的事情之一或许就是批评他人。此处为不定式
作表语,故空处应填动词原形,critic 对应的动词是criticize/criticise,意为“批评”。故填criticize/
criticise。
28.The fundamental purpose of Silkroad is (bring) people from across the globe together to play and
listen to music.
【答案】to bring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:丝绸之路的根本目的是把来自全球各地的人们聚集在一起演奏和聆听音
乐。系动词“is”后面需要一个表语来解释说明主语“purpose”的具体内容,不定式to bring 作表语,可用来
表示具体的、一次性的行为或目的。故填to bring。
29.The aim of the competition is (promote) enrolled artists, and give them the chance to join the
international market of contemporary art.
【答案】to promote
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:比赛的目的是推广已入会的艺术家,并给他们机会加入当代艺术的国际
市场。句中已有系动词is,空处在句中为非谓语,应用不定式形式作表语,表示主语的具体内容或目的。
故填to promote。
30.The parents are trying to figure out which of the children is (blame) for the broken window in
the living room.
【答案】to blame
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:父母们正试图弄清楚客厅窗户被打碎是哪一个孩子的过错。which 引导
的宾语从句谓语为is,此处为非谓语动词,且children 与blame“责备”为被动关系,be to blame for 意为
“对……应负责任;因……而受到责备”,为固定短语,本空用不定式,作表语。故填to blame。
考向04 考查不定式作定语
在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
31.Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage (face) the challenge.
【答案】to face
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:多亏了你的鼓励,我终于有勇气面对挑战。分析句子结构可知,此处需
用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词courage,构成固定搭配get the courage to do sth.,表“有勇气做某
事”。故填to face。
32.The words of the book give readers a chance (appreciative) the mathematical way of thinking,
making them enjoy themselves in the real mathematics world. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to appreciate
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这本书中的文字给了读者一个理解数学思维方式的机会,让他们在真实
的数学世界中享受乐趣。a chance to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“做某事的机会”,此处应用动词不定式作
后置定语,修饰chance。所给词appreciative 为形容词,其动词形式为appreciate“欣赏,理解”。故填to
appreciate。
33.But however long it takes, the technology has the potential (change) our transportation systems.
【答案】to change
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:但无论需要多长时间,这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统。短语
have the potential to do sth.,表示“有做某事的潜能”,不定式作定语。故填to change。
34.Having mastered the technology of manned spacecraft, China became the third country (send)
man to space.
【答案】to send
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:掌握了载人航天技术后,中国成为第三个将人类送入太空的国家。句中
已有became,空处作非谓语动词,名词country 被序数词修饰,且和send 是逻辑上的主动关系,用动词不
定式作后置定语。故填to send。
35.From observing his mum and from his desire (give) kids better drink options, he came up with his
original model for the Fun Bottle.
【答案】to give
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:通过观察他的母亲,以及出于想要为孩子们提供更优质饮品的想法,他
设计出了自己的“快乐瓶”原型。名词desire 后用不定式作定语是固定搭配。故填to give。
36.The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt (improve) the situation.
【答案】to improve
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:圣卢卡斯号的年度抵达是改善这种情况的又一次尝试。空处作名词
attempt 的后置定语,“attempt to do sth.”为固定搭配,意为“做某事的尝试”,所以空处需填动词不定式
to improve。故填to improve。
37.Like university students, students in this high school have the freedom (choose) the courses that
most interest them.
【答案】to choose
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:和大学生一样,这所高中的学生可以自由选择他们最感兴趣的课程。分
析句子结构可知,主句中已有谓语动词have,设空处与其之间无连词连接,应用非谓语动词;设空处作后
置定语,freedom 后常接动词不定式作后置定语。故填 to choose。
38.There are very few moments in our lives where we have the privilege (witness) history taking
place.
【答案】to witness
【详解】考查动词。句意:在我们的生命历程中,能够见证历史发生的情景实属罕见。名词privilege 后跟
不定式,作后置定语,have the privilege to do sth.表示“做某事很荣幸”。故填to witness。
39.College offers many things to learn, and each of them offers a different way (see) the world.
【答案】to see
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:大学提供了很多可以学习的东西,每一个都提供了一种不同的看待世界
的方式。表达“……的方法/方式”用way to do,不定式作后置定语。故填to see。
40.As part of its campaign to (beauty) Britain, a featured exhibit gives visitors tips for their own
gardening adventures.
【答案】beautify
【详解】考查动词。句意:作为“美化英国”活动的一部分,一个特色展区为游客提供了关于个人园艺实
践的小贴士。此处为动词不定式作后置定语,修饰空前的名词campaign,故设空处应用动词原形,动词
beautify“美化”符合题意。故填beautify。
考向05 考查不定式作补语
在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
41.He is widely acknowledged ( be ) the best player in the world.
【答案】to be
【详解】考查不定式。句意:他被公认为是世界上最好的球员。分析句子可知,此处为“be acknowledged
to be...”是固定用法,意为“被公认为……”,所给词“be”需用不定式形式 “to be”作主语补足语,符合
该搭配的语法要求。故填to be。
42.Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised (reduce) it.
【答案】to reduce
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:愤怒很少被看作是一种有益的性格特征,人们通常建议减少愤怒。
“advise sb. to do sth.”为固定搭配,意为“建议某人做某事”,本句中主语“Anger”与“advise”之间为被动
关系,即“愤怒被建议减少”,此时应用被动语态“be advised to do sth.”,所以空格处应填不定式to
reduce 作主语补足语。故填to reduce。
43.Having friends and building relationships with others is thought (be) useful to a child’s social and
emotional development.
【答案】to be
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:拥有朋友并与他人建立关系被认为对孩子的社交和情感发展是有益的。
sth. is thought to be…“某物被认为是……”为固定搭配,其中动词不定式作主语补足语。故填to be。
44.An advertisement uses words and pictures to persuade people (buy) a product or service, or to
believe in an idea.
【答案】to buy
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:广告用文字和图片来说服人们购买产品或服务,或者相信一个想法。
persuade sb to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“说服某人做某事”,此处需用动词buy 的不定式to buy,作宾补。
故填to buy。
45.My English teacher recommended me (take) part in an English speech competition.
【答案】to take
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:我的英语老师推荐我参加英语演讲比赛。分析句子可知,此处是固定搭
配recommend sb. to do sth.,意为“推荐某人做某事”,因此应用所给动词take 的不定式形式to take。to
take 在句中作宾语me 的宾语补足语。故填to take。
46.The teacher commanded us (hand) in our exercises next Monday.
【答案】to hand
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:老师命令我们下周一交练习。command sb. to do sth.“命令某人做某
事”,为固定搭配,此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to hand。
47.What makes Yunjin special is its complicated weaving process, requiring two workers (operation)
a large wooden loom (织布机) together.
【答案】to operate
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:云锦的特别之处在于其复杂的织造工艺,它需要两名工人共同操作一台
大型木制织布机。此处是固定搭配require sb. to do sth.,表示“要求某人做某事”,所给词operation 的动
词形式为operate,此空应用其动词不定式形式to operate 作宾语补足语。故填to operate。
48.Her trust in me has inspired me (try) things that I never imagined possible.
【答案】to try
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她对我的信任激励我去尝试那些我从未想过可能的事情。inspire sb. to
do sth.是固定搭配,意为“激励某人做某事”,此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to try。
49.Our traditional festivals are carriers of culture, enabling us (learn) more about fine Chinese values.
【答案】to learn
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的传统节日是文化的载体,让我们能够更多地了解中国优秀价值
观。句中的enabling 是enable 的V-ing 形式,由于enable sb. to do sth.是固定用法,表示“使某人能够做某
事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to learn。
50.We are planning a special picnic on March 15th and want to hire you (provide) food and drinks
for the event.
【答案】to provide
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:我们计划在3 月15 日举办一场特别的野餐,想雇你来为这次活动提供食
物和饮料。根据“hire sb. to do sth.”意为“雇佣某人做某事”可知,此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故
填to provide。
考向06 考查不定式作状语
在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
51.But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems (emission) less
carbon pollution.
【答案】to emit
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:但最明智的适应形式肯定是调整我们的能源系统以排放更少的碳污染。
“(emission) less carbon pollution”是“adapt our energy systems”的目的,用动词不定式to emit 作目的状语。
故填to emit。
52.The senior player made full use of his rich experience (defeat) another competitor.
【答案】to defeat
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:这位资深选手充分利用他丰富的经验去击败另一位竞争者。分析句子结
构和句意可知,句中“made full use of his rich experience”的目的是 “击败另一位竞争者”,应用动词不定
式to defeat 作目的状语。故填to defeat。
53.Your brother is young enough (bounce) back from this disappointment.
【答案】to bounce
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你弟弟还很年轻,足以从这次失望中恢复过来。此处为“形容词
+enough+to do sth.”的固定搭配,意为“足够……去做某事”,不定式作结果状语,所给词bounce 为动
词,因此需用其不定式形式to bounce。故填to bounce。
54.I opened the book, only (discover) that some pages were missing.
【答案】to discover
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我打开书,却发现有几页不见了。此处为only to do sth.结构,表示“结
果却……,不料竟会……”,在此结构中,不定式作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果。故填to discover。
55.I am very proud and excited (display) the traditional Chinese musical instrument in Cuba and
communicate with local musicians.
【答案】to display
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我非常自豪和激动能在古巴展示中国传统乐器并与当地音乐家交流。be
动词+情绪类形容词+to do sth.是固定结构,此处用不定式作原因状语,故填to display。
56.We were greatly amused (hear) about him sitting on the wet paint.
【答案】to hear
【详解】考查不定式。句意:听说他坐在未干的油漆上,我们觉得很好笑。此处为非谓语动词作状语,位
于表示情绪的形容词(glad/excited/amused, etc)之后,应用不定式作原因状语。故填to hear。
57.Owners of restaurants would have to equip them (admit) disabled people.
【答案】to admit
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:餐馆老板将不得不为餐馆配备设施以接纳残疾人。本句谓语为would
have,此处为非谓语动词,本空表示目的,应用动词admit“接纳”的不定式,作目的状语。故填to admit。
58.Do your part (preserve) what makes a destination special in the first place.
【答案】to preserve
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽你的一份力,首先保护好让一个目的地与众不同的东西。固定短语do
one’s part to do sth.表示“尽某人的一份力做某事”,所以应用preserve 的动词不定式作目的状语,表示
“为了去保护”。故填to preserve。
59.The technology is being used (improve) the understanding of the 67-meter-tall Sakyamuni Pagoda,
visualize its states over time and prepare for restoration work.
【答案】to improve
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这项技术正被用于增进对67 米高的释迦牟尼塔的了解,可视化其随时
间变化的状态,并为修复工作做准备。句中已有谓语动词“is being used”,空处需填非谓语动词,根据
“be used to do sth.”意为“被用来做某事”可知,此处使用不定式作目的状语,因此应填动词不定式to
improve。故填to improve。
60. (reach) maturity, the child must pass through the many changes of childhood before stepping into
the role of an adult.
【答案】To reach
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:要达到成熟,孩子必须经历童年的许多变化,然后才能步入成人的角
色。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语must pass through,所以reach 应用非谓语动词形式;根据语意可
知,“实现成熟”是“孩子必须在步入成人角色之前经历童年的许多变化”的目的,所以应用不定式形式
作目的状语,且位于句首,首字母需大写。故填To reach。
考向07 考查不定式的特殊用法
在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
61.The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it
asks and why it works, and then to teach you how (adopt) this philosophy if you decide it’s right for
you.
【答案】to adopt
【详解】考查特殊疑问词加动词不定式的用法。句意:这本书的目的是论证数字极简主义,包括详细探讨
它的要求和它为何有效,然后教你如果你认为它适合你,如何采用这种理念。此处为“特殊疑问词+不定
式”结构,在句中作teach 的宾语,所以应用动词adopt“采用”的不定式 to adopt。故填to adopt。
62.Li Jiang and Su Hua don’t agree on to wear when greeting the British students.
【答案】what
【详解】考查“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。句意:李江和苏华在问候英国学生时穿什么观点不一致。分
析句子可知,“_____ to wear”为“特殊疑问词+不定式” 结构,作“don’t agree on”的宾语,句中指穿什
么,故空格处应用“what”。故填what。
63.The exam (hold) tomorrow, I can’t go to the cinema tonight.
【答案】to be held
【详解】考查独立主格。句意:明天就要考试了,今晚我不能去看电影了。hold 和exam 之间是被动关
系,结合tomorrow 可知是描述将来的事情,使用不定式的被动式,故填to be held。
64.The four of us agreed on a division of labor just now, each (translate) a quarter of the book.
【答案】to translate
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们四个人刚才商定分工,每人翻译这本书的四分之一。空格处应该用
非谓语动词与each 构成独立主格,动词translate 与逻辑主语each 之间是主动关系,且表示将来的动作,所
以应该用不定式形式。故填to translate。
65.With a lot of difficult problems (settle), the president is having a hard time.
【答案】to settle
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:由于有许多棘手的问题需要解决,总统的日子不好过。此处是with 的复
合结构“with+宾语+宾补”,此处表示将来的动作,应用动词不定式作宾补。故填to settle。
66.With plenty of tasks (complete), the office worker felt like a cat on hot bricks.
【答案】to complete
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有大量的任务要完成,这位办公室职员感觉像热锅上的蚂蚁。
“With+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构,此处表示将来要完成的动作,应用动词不定式,作宾语补足语。
故填to complete。
题型 语篇填空
Passage 1(浙江省宁波市鄞州中学2025 年高三试卷)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Paper is important. Almost everyone in the world uses paper on a daily basis. Now, a new company in
Ukraine, Releaf Paper, has found a way to make paper more 1 ( friend) to the environment—it uses
leaves instead of tree pulp and wood to make paper.
Cities from around Europe send 2 (waste) leaf litter from their streets to Releaf Paper. Then, using
a series of mechanical and chemical 3 (process), the company is able to create one ton of cellulose (纤
维素) 4 two point three tons of leaves. The material 5 is left over called lignin (木质素) and
then is sent back to the cities 6 (use) as a sort of fertilizer.
According to ZME Science, the process/sends out nearly 78 percent 7 (few) greenhouse gasses
than the traditional paper producing model. In addition, regular paper needs about 270 days to decompose while
paper made of leaves only 8 ( take) about 30 days.
“Really, it’s a good solution because we are keeping the balance—we get fiber for making paper 9
return lignin for the cities to fertilize the gardens or trees. This is what we call it a win-win model,”said Valentyn
Frechka, the founder of Releaf Paper. The hope is that in the coming years, the model will be able to expand to
other countries worldwide, 10 (help) people deal with paper pollution.
【答案】
1.friendly 2.wasted 3.processes 4.from 5.that/which 6.to be used 7.fewer
8.takes 9.and 10.helping
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一家乌克兰公司利用落叶代替木浆生产环保纸张的创新方
法,并阐述了其环保优势和循环经济模式。
1.考查形容词。句意:如今,乌克兰一家名为Releaf Paper 的新公司找到了一种让纸张更环保的方法——
它用树叶代替木浆和木材来造纸。空处为形容词形式担当宾语补足语,意为“对环境友好的”。故填
friendly。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:欧洲各地的城市会将街道上的落叶废料送往Releaf Paper 公司。空处为非谓语
动词形式担当定语,意为“废弃的”,用过去分词形式。故填wasted。
3.考查名词的数。句意:之后,该公司通过一系列机械和化学处理流程,能从2.3 吨树叶中提取出1 吨纤
维素。空处为名词形式担当宾语;根据“a series of”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填processes。
4.考查介词。句意:之后,该公司通过一系列机械和化学处理流程,能从2.3 吨树叶中提取出1 吨纤维
素。空处为介词形式,意为“从……中”,用介词“from”。故填from。
5.考查定语从句。句意:剩余的物质被称为木质素,会被送回这些城市,用作一种肥料。空处为定语从
句的关系词;先行词“The material”在定语从句中担当主语,用关系代词which 或that 引导。故填which 或
that。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:剩余的物质被称为木质素,会被送回这些城市,用作一种肥料。空处为非谓
语动词形式担当目的状语,用动词不定式形式,且存在被动关系,表示“被用作”,故填to be used。
7.考查形容词比较级。句意:据《ZME 科学》报道,这种工艺比传统的造纸模式少排放近78%的温室气
体。空处为修饰名词用形容词形式;根据下文的than 可知,空处为形容词比较级形式。故填fewer。
8.考查谓语动词。句意:此外,普通纸张大约需要270 天才能分解,而用树叶制成的纸张只需约30 天。
空处为从句谓语动词;根据主句时态可知,从句时态为一般现在时;主语为paper,和动词take 之间为主
动关系。故填takes。
9.考查连词。句意:Releaf Paper 公司的创始人Valentyn Frechka 表示:“说真的,这是一个很好的解决方
案,因为我们保持了平衡 —— 我们获取造纸所需的纤维,同时将木质素返还给城市,用于给花园或树木
施肥。这就是我们所说的双赢模式” 。空前“get fiber for making paper”和空后“return lignin for the cities
to fertilize the gardens or trees”之间为并列关系,用并列连词and 连接。故填and。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:人们希望在未来几年里,这种模式能够推广到世界其他国家,帮助人们解决
纸张污染问题。空处为非谓语动词形式担当结果状语,表示主句一句话所产生的自然而然的结果,用现在
分词形式。故填helping。
Passage 2 (2026 届福建省泉州市高三模拟试题)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever cooked rice for your parents? For many Chinese, a meal is simply incomplete 11
rice. Cooking rice does not seem that 12 (complication). There are many ways through which you can
cook rice. You can do so with the help of the rice cooker.
Rice comes in different 13 (variety). Although the same rule of cooking applies to all types of rice
grains, there are certain differences, particularly in the very amount of water 14 is needed to get the
grains cooked.
You can add as many cups of rice as you need for your meal. First, you should wash the rice, for those
impurities are required 15 (remove). Then add water. And 16 a general rule, you need to add
one and a half cups of water for every cup of rice. However, this measurement 17 (differ) basing on the
types of grains.
Use a rice cooker to cook the rice. Cover 18 cooking pot and place it in the rice cooker. Plug the
cooker, switch it on and leave the rice to cook. Don’t remove the lid ( 盖子) to prevent the steam 19
(escape) the pot. The rice cooker will 20 (automatic) turn itself off once the temperature in the pot goes
beyond boiling point. You can add salt and other grains to rice to enhance its flavor.
【答案】
11.without 12.complicated 13.varieties 14.that 15.to be removed 16.as 17.
differs 18.the 19.escaping 20.automatically
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了煮米饭的相关知识,包括米饭的种类、煮制方法及注意事项等。
11.考查介词。句意:对许多中国人来说,没有米饭的一顿饭是不完整的。空前为形容词,空后为名词,
且无提示词,由此可知,此处为介词,结合句意,此处表示“没有米饭”,所以用介词without,意为“没
有”。故填without。
12.考查形容词。句意:煮米饭似乎没有那么复杂。此处位于系动词seem 之后,应用形容词作表语,
complication 的形容词形式是complicated,意为“复杂的”。故填complicated。
13.考查名词复数。句意:米饭有不同的种类。different 后接可数名词复数形式,variety 的复数是
varieties,意为“种类”。故填varieties。
14.考查定语从句。句意:尽管所有类型的米粒都适用相同的烹饪规则,但还是有一些区别,特别是在煮
熟米粒所需的水量方面。此处为关系词引导的定语从句,先行词是the very amount of water,且先行词被
the very 修饰,关系词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that。故填that。
15.考查非谓语动词。句意:首先,你应该洗米,因为那些杂质需要被去除。根据require sth./sb. to do sth.
意为“要求某人或某事做”可知,此处使用动词不定式形式作宾补,此处impurities 与remove 之间是被动
关系,所以用动词不定式的被动形式to be removed。故填to be removed。
16.考查介词。句意:一般来说,每杯米需要加一杯半的水。as a general rule 是固定短语,意为“一般来
说”,所以此处用介词as。故填as。
17.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:然而,这种测量方法因谷物的种类而异。此处为谓语动词,陈述客
观事实,用一般现在时,主语this measurement 是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用differs,意为“不同”。
故填differs。
18.考查冠词。句意:盖上烹饪锅,把它放在电饭煲里。此处特指前面提到的cooking pot,所以用定冠词
the。故填the。
19.考查非谓语动词。句意:不要打开盖子,以防蒸汽从锅里逸出。prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth.是固定
短语,意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”,from 可以省略,所以此处用动名词escaping 作宾语。故填
escaping。
20.考查副词。句意:一旦锅里的温度超过沸点,电饭煲就会自动关闭。此处修饰动词短语turn itself
off,应用副词,automatic 的副词形式是automatically,意为“自动地”。故填automatically。
Passage 3 (2025 年甘肃省白银市第十中学高三试题)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Thousands of years ago, texts appeared on animal bones, bronzes, bamboo slips, and silk brocades ( 织锦)
before they were written 21 paper. But now these ancient Chinese texts have a “new container” in the
modern age. Recently, a research team from Nanjing Agricultural University has rolled 22 Xunzi, a large
language model (LLM) and Xunzi Chat in association with Gulian, a 23 (lead) ancient Chinese text
publisher. Wang Dongbo, the leader of the research team, said that the large language model 24 (name)
after Xunzi 25 Xunzi was not only an acknowledged Confucian philosopher during the late Warring
States Period (475-221BC), but also a pioneer in presenting and explaining theories of linguistics in ancient China.
When 26 (ask) why he and his partners made the large language model, Wang explained that “traditional
Chinese characters, vertical layout (竖版), the 27 (absent) of pausing and punctuation (句读) are all
obstacles that readers have to overcome when they read traditional texts”. 28 (create) Xunzi the LLM,
Wang and his partners first needed to do a lot of research.
Since 2013, his team has worked 29 (tire) to digitize Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu, or
the Complete Library in Four Sections. “The hard work involves a large-scale corpus ( 语料库) of two billion
Chinese characters, 30 has laid a solid foundation for the large language model,” said Wang.
【答案】
21.on 22.out 23.leading 24.was named 25.because 26.asked 27.absence
28.To create 29.tirelessly 30.which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了南京农业大学研究团队推出以荀子命名的大型语言模型及其
研发背景。
21.考查介词。句意:几千年前,文字出现在动物骨头、青铜器、竹简和丝绸织锦上,然后才写在纸上。
此处表示“在……上”,应用介词on。故填on。
22.考查固定短语。句意:近日,南京农业大学的一个研究团队与领先的古籍出版商古联合作,推出了大
型语言模型“荀子”和“荀子聊天”。roll out 为固定短语,表示“推出”。故填out。
23.考查形容词。句意同上。此处修饰名词publisher,应用形容词leading“领先的”,作定语。故填
leading。
24.考查被动语态。句意:研究团队负责人王东波表示,这个大型语言模型以荀子命名,因为荀子不仅是
战国晚期(公元前 475-221 年)公认的儒家哲学家,也是中国古代语言学理论的提出和阐释的先驱。that
引导的宾语从句描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,且主语the large language model 与动词name“命名”
之间是被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是第三人称单数,be 动词用was。故填was named。
25.考查原因状语从句。句意同上。此处引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”,应用because。故填
because。
26.考查状语从句中的省略。句意:当被问及他和他的合作伙伴为什么要制作这个大型语言模型时,王解
释说:“繁体字、竖版排版、没有句读,这些都是读者阅读传统文本时必须克服的障碍。”当状语从句的
主语与主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be 动词时,可省略从句的主语和be 动词。本句中,when 引导的时
间状语从句完整形式为when he was_____ (ask),he 与ask 为被动关系,本空用过去分词,与was 构成一般
过去时的被动语态。故填asked。
27.考查名词。句意同上。此处作主语,表示“没有”,应用名词absence。故填absence。
28.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了创建荀子大型语言模型,王和他的合作伙伴首先需要做大量的研究。本
句谓语为needed,此处为非谓语动词,作目的状语,应用create“创建”的不定式,句首单词首字母要大
写。故填To create。
29.考查副词。句意:自2013 年以来,他的团队不知疲倦地工作,将《四库全书》等中国经典数字化。
此处修饰动词work,应用副词tirelessly“不知疲倦地”,作状语。故填tirelessly。
30.考查定语从句。句意:“这项艰苦的工作涉及20 亿汉字的大规模语料库,为大型语言模型奠定了坚
实的基础,”王说。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词corpus,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中
作主语,应用关系代词which 引导。故填which。
1.(2025 年新高考II 卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing.
denying me the chance (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent”
after sunning clothes for an entire day.
【答案】 to discover
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在我的成长过程中,我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物,这让我
没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语
used,此处应用非谓语动词, chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover 的不定式,作定语。故填
to discover。
2.(2024 年新高考I 卷)These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh
air.
【答案】to give
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这些萼片在温暖的日子里开放,为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜的空气。空
处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to give。
3.(2024 年浙江卷)However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________ (benefit) from price reductions
doesn’t make sense.
【答案】to benefit
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:然而,如果你是想买一件,那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根
据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知,此处是指多买一件来享受降价,所以应用to do 不定式作
目的状语。故填to benefit。
4.(2024 年全国甲卷) Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they this in one
pot, and shared friendship and love.
【答案】shared→share
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意:火锅意味着家人和朋友坐在一起,把他们喜欢的东西放在一个锅里,
分享友谊和爱。不定式to 后接动词原形sit ,dip 和share,表示目的。故将shared 改成share。
5. (2023 年新高考I 卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【答案】to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allow sb to do sth.允许某人做某事,空格需用动词不定式作宾语
补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式被动形式to be lifted。句意:最好
的小笼包外皮很薄,从蒸笼中被取出来时不会撕裂或洒出任何东西。
6.(2022 年全国甲卷)I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not staying out with my
friends too late.
【答案】talk 前面加to
【解析】考查短语。句意:我不愿意和他交谈,经常违反他让我不要在外面待到很晚的规定。be willing to
do 意思为:愿意做,为固定短语。故在talk 前面加to。
7.(2022 年全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first
step ______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【答案】to journey
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40 天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒
步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知,journey 为动词,表示“旅行”,step 前面有序数词,应用不定
式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
8.(2022 年浙江卷)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans______
(continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【答案】to continue
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词plan 后面跟动词不定式,plan to do sth“计划
做”,故填to continue。
9.(2022 年全国乙卷)_______(strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of
public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have
thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
【答案】To strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活
动,邀请了来自世界各地的29 名茶叶专业人士进行36 小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为
了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
10.(2022 年天津卷) ________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James
Naismith created basketball.
A. To be kept
B. Kept
C. To keep
D. Keeping
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了让精力充沛的学生能够在雨天待在室内活动,James Naismith 创造
了篮球。分析句子结构可知,此处应填非谓语动词形式,结合句意可知,此处意为“为了”表示目的,所
以该处为不定式作目的状语,且keep 与逻辑主语James Naismith 之间为主动关系。故选C 项。
11.(2021 年新课标II 卷)I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem.
【答案】 to educate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构,__________
(educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to educate。
12.(2021 年浙江卷)Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over __________ (plant) flowers in the
front yard.
【答案】 to plant
【解析】考查非谓语动词。考查动词不定式。句意:玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝•托德•华莱士经常来前院种花。
分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语;根据句意可知,此处是目的状语;目的状语用动词不定式表示;提示
词plant 的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
13.(2020 年全国I 卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 __________
(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆
地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
14.(2020 年全国III 卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known
painter.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示
“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
15.(2020· 年浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology __________
(change) lives.
【答案】 to change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已
有动词gave 故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式作定语。故填to change。
ve an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”,固定搭配,不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
16.(2021 年全国甲卷)It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】 to walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后,我们决定是时候采取行动了,还有
什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处为句型“ it +be+adj+to do sth.”,it 为形式主语,动词
walk 的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
17.(2020 年北京卷)It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in
the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
【答案】 to break
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do
sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事),此处用动词不定式(to do )作真正主语,It 形式主语。故填to
break。
18.(2021 年北京卷)Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need
(invest) in disaster prevention.
【答案】to invest
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:研究结果表明, 急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知, 此处表示未来的
动作, 应用不定式, 作后置定语。故填to invest。
20. (2019 年全国II 卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans
__________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth.作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计
划”,故填to retire。