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【暑假辅导班】
新高二英语暑假精品课程（人教版）
第2讲 动词不定式作定语与状语
一、动词不定式作定语
1. 动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语, 表示尚未发生的动作。
*Let us give him something to eat.
让我们给他一些吃的东西。
*We have much homework to do tonight.
今晚我们有很多作业要做。
2. 名词前有first, last, next, only等词以及最高级修饰时, 其后要用动词不定式。
*She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女
性。
3. 抽象名词attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, plan, way或不定代词something, nothing等
后面常用不定式作后置定语。
*But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work.
但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。
4. 当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
*I usually have a lot of meetings to attend.
我通常有很多会议要参加。
*She is a nice person to work with.
她是一个很好的合作伙伴。
5. 当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。
*We must find a person to do the job.
我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。
*We need someone to go and get a doctor.
我们需要有人去请医生。
6. 当名词与定语有同位关系时。
*We got the order to leave the city.
我们接到了离开这个城市的命令。
二、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式在句中作状语, 主要用来修饰动词和形容词, 也可用来修饰副词。在句中, 不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等, 可表示目的、原因及结果等。
1. 目的状语, 置于句首或句末, 置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气, 常与in order或so as 组成短语。
*A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
*In order to help him, we would do everything we can.
为了帮助他, 我们将尽我们所能。
注： 不定式作目的状语
(1)不定式作目的状语时, 其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。
*I said that to encourage him.
我这么说是为了鼓励他。
(2)置于句首时只用to do / in order to do。如用于表示否定, in order 或 so as不能省略, 用 in order not to do 或
so as not to do形式。
*I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.
我安静地走路, 以免打扰婴儿。
(3)不定式作目的状语可转换为 so that / in order that 或 so. . . that . . . 引导的目的状语从句。
*He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked so hard that he could pass the exam.
→He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
他非常努力以便能通过考试。
2. 原因状语, 多见于“sb. +be+adj. +to do. . . ”结构中。
*I was very sad to hear the news.
听到这个消息我很难过。
3. 结果状语, 多见于“too. . . to”; “enough to. . . ”; only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生); so/such. . . as to(意
为“如此……以至于……”)结构中。
* I’m too tired to do well. 我太累了做不好。
*He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。
*He rushed back, only to find the book missing.
他冲了回来, 却发现书不见了。
* She is so proud as to look down upon others.
她太骄傲了, 看不起别人。
4. 独立动词不定式多用作插入语, 表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
*I’d like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.我想保持健康, 但说实话, 我只吃味道好的食物。
注： 现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别
(1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。
*Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.
她焦急地从包裹中取出裙子, 然后试穿了一下, 结果发现它不合身。
(2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的, 必然造成的结果。
*His father passed away, leaving him a little money.
他的父亲去世了, 只给他留了一小部分钱。
【知识延伸】动词不定式作主语、表语和宾语
1. 不定式作主语, 表示具体的某次动作。若不定式结构比较复杂, 常用it 作形式主语, 真正的主语放在句子
的后面。
*To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
做早操对我们的健康有益。
*It’s important for us to learn English well.
学好英语对我们来说很重要。
2. 不定式作表语, 表示将来的情况, 说明主语的内容。其主语常常是wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等表示
意向、打算、计划的词。
*His dream is to be a doctor.
他的梦想是成为一名医生。
*My work is to clean the room every day.
我的工作是每天打扫房间。
3. 不定式作宾语, 常跟在某些动词后。
(1)不定式作宾语的动词的记忆口诀:
决心学会选计划, 拒绝答应想假装;
主动设法愿希望, 同意请求帮一帮;
准备威胁易声称, 渴望申请败踌躇。
其对应的动词分别为: decide/determine, learn, choose, plan, refuse, promise, want/attempt, pretend, offer,
manage, expect/wish/hope, agree, ask/beg, help, prepare, threaten, tend, claim, desire/long, apply, fail, hesitate。
(2)若不定式结构比较复杂, 通常用 it 作形式宾语, 真正的宾语放在句子的后面, 该用法常见的动词有think,
find, make, believe, consider, suppose, feel等。*He can’t afford to buy the expensive car.
他买不起那辆昂贵的汽车。
*I think it useful to learn a foreign language.
我认为学习一门外语是有用的。
*I feel it my duty to say that you are wrong.
我觉得我有责任说你错了。
复习演练
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. He came (show) me his new science book.
2. Our English teacher has many ways (make) her class interesting.
3. The doctors are busy doing what they can (save) the dying man.
4. (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
5. (avoid) any delay, please phone for your order directly.
6. Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students (talk) over what is bothering them.
7. I’ll write down his telephone number so as not (forget)it.
8. This was the best book for him (read), which made him very happy.
9. I went inside, excited to tell grandpa about what I’d done, only (find) he was sleeping.
10. However, reading novels is not the only way (improve) your English.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. , our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
为了帮助学生学好语文, 我们学校已决定为你们的汉语班捐赠一些图书。
2. He was the only foreigner such an honor.
他是唯一被授予这项荣誉的外国人。
3. The first man comes from America. 登上月球的第一人来自美国。
4. Everyone has to do his or her part .
每个人都要尽自己的一份力来解决这个问题。
5. Why don’t we ask him if he would like something ? 我们为什么不问问他是否想吃点什么呢?
III. 阅读理解
Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched
a blood moon — a total lunar eclipse (月食) — on the roof of their house.Now a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery
Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel. So
when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge, Smeeton said she
immediately had one student in mind.
“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search, ” Smeeton said. “She
immediately started researching bone density (密度) of astronauts and how to have food on Mars. ”
“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts and make sure their comfort is out of this world, ” Dobek
says.
Dobek’s design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also includes the
SGF or Self-Growing Farm, and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars.
Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek’s design. A simulator (模拟装置)
allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so
astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.
“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions, ” Dobek said. “Whatever they want to do, they should push
for it and always try their best. ”
1. Dobek first became interested in space when .
A. she was still a seventh grader
B. she studied at a junior high school
C. she lived on the top of their house
D. she watched an eclipse of the moon
2. Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because .
A. she knew Dobek liked challenges in life
B. she had no other students interested in Mars
C. Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts
D. she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance
3. What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?
A. The environment on Mars.
B. The safety of the supplies.
C. The activities for astronauts.
D. The comfort of the astronauts.IV. 完形填空
“A bird with a broken wing will never fly as high. ” I’m sure that John would agree with this saying, 1 he
felt this way almost every day in school.
By high school, John was the most famous 2 in his town. He was always absent, didn’t answer questions
and got into 3 . He had failed almost every exam by the time he entered his senior year, yet was 4 each
year to a higher grade level. Teachers didn’t want to 5 him again the following year. John was moving on, but
definitely not moving 6 .
I met John for the first time at a weekend leadership training program since John was one of 405 students who
7 . At the start of the training, John was just standing 8 the circle of students, against the back wall. He
didn’t 9 join the discussion groups. But slowly, the interactive games 1 0 him in.
The ice really melted (融化) when the groups started building a list of 11 and negative things that had
occurred at school that year. John 12 some constructive ideas on those situations. The other students in John’s
group 1 3 his comments. All of a sudden John felt like a 1 4 of the group, and before long he was 1 5
like a leader. By the end of the training, he had joined the Homeless Project team. The other students on the team
were 1 6 with his passionate concern and ideas. They 1 7 elected John co-chairman of the team.
John started 18 at school every day and answered questions from teachers for the first time. He led a
second project, 1 9 300 blankets and 1, 000 pairs of shoes for the homeless shelter.
A bird with a broken wing only needs 2 0 . Once healed, it can fly higher than the rest.
1. A. if B. until C. as D. though
2. A. storyteller B. troublemaker
C. dream-seeker D. peace-lover
3. A. fights B. debt
C. difficulties D. work
4. A. driven away B. left out
C. kept in D. passed on
5. A. love B. pet
C. have D. accompany
6. A. in B. up C. away D. back
7. A. signed up B. ran away
C. fell down D. went by
8. A. around B. onto C. among D. outside9. A. hurriedly B. easily C. readily D. warmly
10. A. drew B. led C. sent D. put
11. A. useless B. meaningful
C. strange D. positive
12. A. changed B. expressed
C. reserved D. noticed
13. A. refused B. ignored C. welcomed D. gathered
14. A. founder B. heart C. leader D. part
15. A. dressed B. treated C. born D. shaped
16. A. impressed B. patient
C. disappointed D. familiar
17. A. still B. again C. hardly D. even
18. A. showing up B. dropping out
C. going down D. walking around
19. A. buying B. collecting
C. donating D. making
20. A. raising B. feeding C. mending D. replacing
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. He came to show(show) me his new science book.
2. Our English teacher has many ways to make(make) her class interesting.
3. The doctors are busy doing what they can to save (save) the dying man.
4. To catch (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
5. To avoid (avoid) any delay, please phone for your order directly.
6. Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk (talk) over what is bothering them.
7. I’ll write down his telephone number so as not to forget (forget)it.
8. This was the best book for him to read(read), which made him very happy.
9. I went inside, excited to tell grandpa about what I’d done, only to find (find) he was sleeping.
10. However, reading novels is not the only way to improve (improve) your English.
Ⅱ.1. To help the students to learn Chinese well, our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese
class.
2. He was the only foreigner to be given such an honor.3. The first man to set foot on the moon comes from America.
4. Everyone has to do his or her part to solve this problem.
5. Why don’t we ask him if he would like something to eat?
IIⅠ. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了小学生Emilia Dobek设计太空站, 并赢得挑战的相关内容。
1.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to
third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon — a total lunar eclipse — on the roof of their house”可
知, Dobek对太空感兴趣是从她在三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的。
2.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段Smeeton的话可推知, 她对Dobek很了解, 对其可以接受这项挑
战并出色完成充满信心。
3.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并结合对
倒数第二段的整体理解可推知, Dobek的设计包含身体和休闲活动, 让宇航员在太空中也感到舒适。
IV.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。约翰是镇上最著名的麻烦制造者。在一次周末的领导培训项目中, 他
融入团队, 不久他被当作一个领导者对待。文章告诉我们: 一只折断了翅膀的鸟只需要修补。一旦愈合, 它
就会飞得比其他的鸟都高。
1. 【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据前半句I’m sure that John would agree with this saying我相信约翰会同意
这句话。可知后面应该是表示原因, “因为他几乎每天都在学校里这样想。”故用as引导状语从句。故选C
项。
2. 【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据下文He was always absent. . . by the time he entered his senior year 可知,
约翰是镇上最著名的麻烦制造者。
3. 【解析】选A。词语辨析题。他总是上课缺席, 不回答问题, 并且打架(fights)。
4.【解析】选D。词语辨析题。他进入高三的时候, 几乎每次考试都不及格, 然而, 他每年都被送到(passed
on)一个更高的年级。
5. 【解析】选C。词语辨析题。根据下文John was moving on, but definitely not moving . 约翰在继续
前进, 但绝对没有提升。可知, 老师不想要(have)他了。
6. 【解析】选B。固定搭配题。句意: 约翰在继续前进, 但绝对没有提升。move up提升。故选B。
7. 【解析】选A。词语辨析题。我第一次见到约翰是在一个周末的领导培训项目中, 因为约翰是405名报名
参加的学生之一。signed up签约, 报名参加, 符合语境。
8. 【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据空格后的the circle of students, against the back wall. 可知, 他站在一圈学
生的外面(outside)。
9. 【解析】选C。词语辨析题。根据上文John was just standing the circle of students, against the back
wall. 可知, 他不愿意(readily)和学生们在一起讨论。10. A. drew B. led C. sent D. put
【解析】选A。词语辨析题。根据下文可知, 但慢慢地互动游戏把他吸引(draw)了进来。
11. 【解析】选D。词语辨析题。当这些团体开始列出当年在学校发生的积极(positive)和消极的事情时, 冰
真的融化了。根据negative things可知答案为D。
12. 【解析】选B。词语辨析题。根据some constructive ideas可知需要表达(express)。
13. 【解析】选C。词语辨析题。约翰小组的其他学生对他的评论表示欢迎(welcome)。
14. 【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据上文The other students in John’s group his comments. 可知, 约翰
觉得自己是他组里的一部分(part)了。
15. 【解析】选B。词语辨析题。不久他被当作一个领导者对待(treat)。
16. 【解析】选A。词语辨析题。团队中的其他学生对他的热情关心和想法印象深刻。be impressed with
对……印象深刻。
17. 【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。他们甚至(even)还选举了约翰为联合主席。
18.【解析】选A。词语辨析题。根据第二段第二句He was always absent, didn’t answer questions. . . 可知, 他
每天开始在学校出现(show up), 并回答老师的问题。
19. 【解析】选B。词语辨析题。根据300 blankets and 1, 000 pairs of shoes for the homeless shelter可知此处
应该是“收集(collect)”。
20. 【解析】选C。词语辨析题。一只折断了翅膀的鸟只需要修补(mend)。
