文档内容
Section Ⅲ Grammar——不定式作定语和
状语
不定式作定语和状语
不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，有时 to 可以省略，其否定形式是“not to
do”。不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化。不定式不能作谓语，
但可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语。本单元主要讲述不定式作定
语和状语的用法。
[观察例句]
1．I trained for a long time to fly airplane as a fighter pilot.
2．As we all know，an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work
in space.
3．First of all，you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
4 ． Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to
explore space.
5．On 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go
into space.
[归纳用法]
1．动词不定式的形式
形式 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
2.句式功能
(1)动词不定式作定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动表
被动。
[提示] (1)不定式作定语需要后置。
(2)作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着三种主要的逻辑关系，即
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语(逻辑上的主谓关系)或逻辑宾语(逻辑
上的动宾关系)或修饰性关系(同位关系)。
①动宾关系：
I have a lot of work to do(要做)．
Give me a piece of paper to write on(写)．
②主谓关系：
Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat(登上救生艇)．
③修饰性关系：不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象，它所修饰的词多为抽象
名词。
need, time, way, right, chance, courage, reason, wish, movement...
There is no need for him to come.
He has no time to read the book.
[提示] 为动宾关系的不定式，必须是及物动词或不及物动词加介词；如果
不定式所修饰的词是way或place，介词可省略。
It is a comfortable sofa to sit on.
He has no way to go.
This is the best place to work
(2)不定式作状语：不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、
原因、结果、条件等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
①To learn a foreign language well，you must try your best.
[提示] 不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。
②He searched the whole room only to find nothing.
他搜遍了整个房间结果什么也没找到。
[提示] 不定式作状语与only连用放句尾常表出乎意料的结果。
③I'm glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。
[提示] 在表示“高兴、愉快、生气、遗憾”等表感情的形容词后，常用不定
式作原因状语。
[即学即练] 完成句子
1．Jessie有了一个可以玩的新玩具。
Jessie got a new toy to play with ．
2．她没有可以依赖的朋友。
She has no friend to depend on ．
3．为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂To pass the college en trance examination ，we must work hard.
4．公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。
The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers ．
5．令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
We were astonished to find the temp le still in its original condition.
6．我匆忙赶到机场，结果发现John已经走了。
I rushed to the airport， only to find that John had gone.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He liked nothing but to watch(watch) TV.
2．To find(find) out more about the computer course，visit this website.
3. He is always the first to come (come) to school.
4．To tell(tell) the truth, I am not happy at the moment.
5．The meeting to be held(hold) tomorrow is important.
6．We didn't expect there to be(be) so many people.
7．I tried to persuade him to agree(agree) to your proposal.
8．They don't allow these books to be taken (take)out of the reading room.
9．They did all they could to save(save) the child.
10．I am glad to be working(work) with you now.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Recently in the US，more students prefer 1.________(leave) the campus and
study in a foreign country for half 2.________ one year.
Some people may be 3.________(frighten) ： communicating in a foreign
language，leaving friends and adjusting to a new environment are very difficult for
students 4.________(study) abroad.However，the experience students have abroad is
often impossible to gain at their home universities.
“Globally ，there is so much 5.________(do) ．I'm hoping 6.________(go)
somewhere and experience something I wouldn't get at home ，”a student who
intended 7.________(study) abroad said.
It was said that the increase had something to do with the universities' promise
that they encourage students to study overseas.The universities have been
8.________(real) good about saying that students need 9.________(go) abroad.
For many American students，some of the most important lessons abroad are
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂those 10.________(experience) outside the classroom. Students can have deep
opinions.Even very small cultural difference can surprise the students.
[答案] 1.to leave 2.or 3.frightened 4.to study 5.to do 6.to go 7.to
study 8.really 9.to go 10.experienced
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂
