文档内容
选择性必修四 Unit 3
提分小卷
（考试时间：30分钟 试卷满分：60分）
一、词汇过关：本题共20个小题，每小题1分，共20分。
1. His recent visit is intended to s________ ties between the two countries. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】strengthen##trengthen
【详解】考查动词。句意：他最近的访问是为了加强两国之间的关系。根据visit和ties between the
two countries可以推知，他的参观是“增强”两国的关系。表示“增强”，用动词strengthen。be
intended to do意为“目的是……”，to后面接动词原形。故填strengthen。
2. To safeguard the interests of the people of the world, the United Nations will never n ______ with
terrorists. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】negotiate##egotiate
【详解】考查动词。句意：为了捍卫世界人民的利益，联合国绝不向恐怖分子妥协。根据单词首字
母以及句意“妥协”以及上文助动词will ，可知应填动词原形negotiate。
3. Seam looked at the photo to ______ (使想起) his memory of the concert. （根据汉语提示单词拼
写）
【答案】refresh
【详解】考查动词。句意：Seam看着照片来唤起他对音乐会的记忆。根据汉语提示“使想起”和
空前面的不定式 to ，可知这里要填动词原形refresh。
4. To ________(保证，确保) everyone’s safety, the authority conducted rounds of nucleic acid testing.
（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】ensure
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保每个人的安全，当局进行了几轮的核酸检测。根据汉语
提示“保证，确保”可知，此处为动词ensure，根据空前的动词不定式符号to可知，此处为动词不
定式作目的状语，空处需填填动词原形。故填ensure。
5. It’s hard to ________ (精通) English in a short period of time.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】master
【详解】考查动词。句意：很难在短时间内精通英语。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少不定式to
do中的动词原形do，动词master“精通”符合汉语提示。故填master。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂6. The magazine suggested that he was planning to ________(宣布) his retirement. (根据汉语提示单词
拼写)
【答案】announce
【详解】考查动词。句意：该杂志暗示他正计划宣布退休。根据汉语提示可知，announce宣布，动
词，符合题意；plan to do sth.计划做某事，固定搭配，所以此处动词不定式作动词plan的宾语。故
填announce。
7. The staff soon found the new manager easy to (接近).
【答案】approach
【详解】考查动词。句意：员工们很快发现新经理平易近人。结合汉语提示可知，动词approach符
合题意，空处与to构成动词不定式，用动词原形。故填approach。
8. The teacher tried his best to ________ (使……平静) down the boy. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】calm
【详解】考查动词。句意：老师尽力使那男孩平静下来。calm down 平静下来；try one's best to
do sth.尽某人最大的努力做某事。根据汉语提示及句意，故填calm。
9. I want to __________（设计）something useful for my new house.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】design
【详解】考查动词。句意：我想为我的新房子设计一些有用的东西。want to do sth.想要做某事。根
据汉语提示及句意可知，应填动词design“设计”作宾语，故填design。
10. In the end,we all decided to ______（组织） a concert for the newcomers. （根据汉语提示单词拼
写）
【答案】organize
【详解】考查动词。句意：最后，我们都决定为新来者组织一场音乐会。decide to do决定做某事，
该空需要一个动词原形；结合汉语提示“组织”，动词organize符合题意。故填organize。
11. You should try to c_____________ (结合)exercise with a healthy diet. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】combine##ombine
【详解】考查动词。句意：你应该试着将锻炼和健康饮食相结合。根据汉语和首字母提示可知，动
词combine符合题意，由try to do sth.“试着做某事”可知空处应填动词原形。故填combine。
12. She’s too protective towards her children; he should let them be more ________ (独立的). (根据汉语
提示单词拼写)
【答案】independent
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她对她的孩子过于保护；她应该让他们更独立的。根据句意及汉语提
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂示，设空处应用形容词independent，短语be more independent为省略to的动词不定式，作them的
补语。故填independent。
13. The price of oil rises because there are not enough truck drivers to ________ (运输) oil. （根据汉语
提示单词拼写）
【答案】transport
【详解】考查动词。句意：油价上涨是因为没有足够的卡车司机来运输油。根据句意和汉语提示可
知，应填入动词transport构成不定式结构作后置定语，修饰名词truck drivers。故填transport。
14. Teenagers often find it hard to ___________ (表达) themselves to their parents. (根据汉语提示单词
拼写)
【答案】express
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：青少年常常发现很难向父母表达自己的想法。根据汉语提示“表
达”可知，此处为动词express，“find it+adj+to do...”为固定句型，it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真
正的宾语。故填express。
15. It is not a good idea to miss meals and ________(替换，代替) them with snacks. （根据汉语提示单
词拼写）
【答案】replace
【详解】考查动词。句意：不吃饭而代之以零食不是个好主意。根据汉语提示“替换，代替”以及
前文It is not a good idea to miss meals and可知，此处应用动词原形replace和miss并列构成不定式
短语，作真正主语。故填replace。
16. It's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to _____(欣赏) our wild
neighbours. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】appreciate##admire
【详解】考查动词。句意：重要的是，我们要更好地了解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居。根据汉语
提示“欣赏”可知应填动词appreciate或admire，此处为不定式作宾语，应填原形。故填
appreciate/admire。
17. That show invited some famous actors and actresses to ___________ (吸引) people's attention. (根据
汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】attract
【详解】考查动词。句意：那个节目邀请了一些著名的男女演员来吸引人们的注意。attract one's
attention吸引某人的注意。不定式to后接动词原形。根据汉语提示及句意，故填attract。
18. Some social app companies were to _____________(责备) because they didn’t adequately check their
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂users’ registration. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】blame
【详解】考查动词。句意：一些社交应用公司应该受到指责，因为他们没有充分检查用户的注册情
况。根据句子结构和汉语提示可知，动词blame符合题意，be to blame“应该被责备”，为固定搭
配。故填blame。
19. The best way to deal with a tease is to ______ (忽视，不理) him. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】ignore
【详解】考查动词。句意：对付挑逗的人最好的办法就是无视他。根据汉语提示“忽视，不理”可
知应填动词ignore，此处为不定式作表语。故填ignore。
20. Spring Festival is a time when families get together to c__________Chinese new year. （v. to show
that a day or an event is important by doing something special on it） (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】celebrate##elebrate
【详解】考查动词。句意：春节是一个家庭聚在一起庆祝中国新年的时候。 根据句意和首字母以
及英文提示“to show that a day or an event is important by doing something special on it(通过做一些特
别的事情来表明某一天或一个事件是重要的)”可知，此处应填动词celebrate，意为“庆祝”，to
是不定式，后接动词原形，此处用不定式作目的状语，故填celebrate。
二、课文改编语法填空：本题共10个小题，每小题2分，共20分。
Nearly one billion animals died in the Australian bush fires. That number would have been
even___21___(large) if it had not been for wombats (袋熊). When the fires started, their underground
homes___22___(become) places of shelter for many other lives.
Wombats are small, furry mammals native to Australia. There are three wombat___23___(species).
Northern and southern wombats have furry noses,___24___common wombats have bare skin on noses. You
shouldn’t let the appearance of wombats fool you, though. Despite their size, they
are___25___(unbelievable) fast. They can run at the speed of an Olympic runner, but only for a minute and
a half or so.___26___is interesting is their cube-shaped poop (粪便). They often pile up their
poop___27___a way to mark their areas. Scientists believe the square shape___28___(form) to stop the
poop from rolling away.
Now there are only about 500 northern wombats___29___(survive) in the wild. The species is
considered to be critically endangered. Luckily, conservationists are attempting____30____(help). In the
1980s, just 35 northern wombats were left alive—so things are improving!
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂【答案】
21. larger 22. became
23. species
24. while 25. unbelievably
26. What 27. as
28. is formed
29. surviving
30. to help
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种产于澳大利亚的动物——袋熊。
【21题详解】
考查比较级。句意：如果不是袋熊的话，这个数字会更大。“如果不是袋熊的话，这个数字会
更大”（含比较意义）和“even+比较级”可知，应用形容词large的比较级。故填larger。
【22题详解】
考查时态。句意：火灾发生时，袋熊的地下家园成了许多其他生命的避难所。根据空前的
“When the fires started”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，谓语动词become应用一般过去时。
故填became。
【23题详解】
考查名词。句意：袋熊有三种。名词species (物种)单复数同形。故填species。
【24题详解】
考查连词。句意：北方和南方的袋熊有毛茸茸的鼻子，而普通袋熊鼻子上只有裸露的皮肤。空
处应用连词。空前内容和空后内容之间形成对比，用并列连词while。故填while。
【25题详解】
考查副词。句意：尽管它们体型庞大，但速度却令人难以置信地快。用副词unbelievably作状
语，修饰形容词fast。故填unbelievably。
【26题详解】
考查主语从句连接词。句意：有趣的是它们的立方体粪便。___6___is interesting是主语从句，
从句缺乏主语，意为“什么”，用连接代词what，首字母大写。故填What。
【27题详解】
考查介词。句意：它们经常把大便堆起来，作为标记自己区域的方式。此处表示“作为”，用
介词as。故填as。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂【28题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：科学家们认为，这种方形形状的形成是为了防止粪便滚落。believe后
接宾语从句，宾语从句缺乏谓语，根据空前的“Scientists believe”可知，此处描述的是一般情况，
应用一般现在时，且从句主语the square和从句谓语动词form之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的
被动语态，从句主语the square是单数，从句谓语单数形式。故填is formed。
【29题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：现在只有大约500只北方袋熊在野外生存。本句已有系动词are且无连
词，动词survive用非谓语形式，逻辑主语northern wombats与survive是逻辑上的主谓关系，
survive用现在分词表主动，做后置定语，修饰名词短语northern wombats。故填surviving。
【30题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：幸运的是，环保人士正试图提供帮助。固定搭配attempt to do sth. (试
图/努力做某事)，help用动词不定式形式。故填to help。
三、阅读理解：本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分。
A篇
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning,
better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help lessen the effects of a warmer world. Animals
will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour. In a paper published in Trends in Ecology &
Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a professor in Australia, shows that is already happening. In some
species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871.
Similar trends are seen in species of mice and bats growing bigger ears, tails, legs and wings.
All that fits nicely with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named after Joe Allen, who suggested it in
1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages than those in mild
areas. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to shed extra
heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially
compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ryding’s team combined data from different species in different places. Now that they have little in
common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. Since
any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks
might interfere with feeding, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂grow.
Honestly, studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening. For now, at
least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. That may change as warming accelerates. But it
seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to. The animals
living in it will look different, too.
22. What does the author want to tell us by mentioning Australian parrot in Paragraph 1?
A. Climate change is affecting animals.
B. Scientists are doing research on animals.
C. Humans can adapt to climate change more easily.
D. Animals are adapting to warmer climate in their own ways.
23. What is the benefit of having bigger body parts according to the passage?
A. Getting rid of additional heat.
B. Becoming larger and stronger.
C. Enlarging animals’ surface area.
D. Becoming more sensitive to the environment.
24. What do we know about the change in animals from the last two paragraphs?
A. It comes at an expense. B. Its cause is definite.
C. It happens in the same habitat. D. Its process will end soon.
25. What can be a suitable tile for the text?
A. Living on a Warming Planet B. Evolution to Survive Heat
C. Pioneering Research on Animals D. Measures to Fight against Heat
【答案】
22. D 23. A 24. A 25. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了全球变暖的影响可以在动物身上看到，数百种物种显示出
适应气候变暖的迹象。文章具体叙述了气候变化与进化的联系。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour. In
a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a professor in Australia,
shows that is already happening. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased
by between 4% and 10% since 1871.（动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为。在发表于《生态学
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂趋势》杂志的一篇论文中由澳大利亚教授萨拉·莱丁领导的进化小组表明，这已经发生了。例如，
自1871年以来，一些种类的澳大利亚鹦鹉的喙的大小增加了4%到10%）”可知，作者在第一段中
提到澳洲鹦鹉想告诉我们动物正在以自己的方式适应更温暖的气候。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“All that fits nicely with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named after
Joe Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger
appendages than those in mild areas. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body
volume, helping it to shed extra heat.（所有这些都很好地符合进化论。以乔·艾伦的名字命名的艾伦法
则认为，生活在炎热地区的温血动物的附肢往往比生活在温和地区的温血动物的附肢更大。这样的
适应性提高了动物的体表面积相对于身体体积的比例，帮助它排出多余的热量）”可知，拥有更大
的身体部位的好处是可以排除额外的热量。故选A。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear
how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding, for instance. Larger wings are
heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.(由于任何进化适应都会带来权衡，因此尚不清楚这
一过程会走多远。例如，较大的喙可能会妨碍进食。更大的翅膀更重，更大的腿需要更多的能量才
能成长)”可知，动物的变化是有代价的。故选A。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behavior. (动物将
不得不依靠改变自己的身体或行为)”以及全文大意，本文主要讲述了全球变暖的影响可以在动物
身上看到，数百种物种显示出适应气候变暖的迹象。文章具体叙述了气候变化与进化的联系。B项：
Evolution to Survive Heat（在高温下生存的进化）符合题意。故选B。
B篇
A set of tusks (象牙) is usually an advantage for elephants, allowing them to dig for water, peel bark
for food and defend themselves. But during episodes of intense ivory poaching, those big tusks may invite
danger. Now researchers have figured out how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to
a greater number of elephants that will never develop tusks.
During the conflict from 1977 to 1992, fighters on both sides killed elephants for ivory to finance war
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂efforts. In the region, around 90% of the elephants were killed. The survivors were likely to share a key
characteristic: half the females were naturally tuskless - they simply never developed tusks - while before
the war, less than a fifth lacked tusks.
After the war, those tuskless surviving females passed on their genes with expected,as well as
surprising, results. About half their daughters were tuskless. More confusing, two-thirds of their offspring
(后代) were female. “The years of unrest changed the evolution in that population,” said evolutionary
biologist Shane Staton.
Most people think of evolution as something that proceeds slowly, but humans can hit the accelerator.
“When we think about natural selection,we think about it happening over hundreds, or thousands of years,”
said Samuel Wasser, a conservation biologist at the University of Washington. “The fact that this dramatic
selection for tusklessness happened over 15 years is one of the most astonishing findings.”
Now the scientists are studying what more tuskless elephants means for the species and its
environment. “If an elephant doesn’t have the tool to peel bark from trees, then what chain reaction will
happen?”
26. What have researchers found out according to paragraph 1?
A. The function of tusks. B. The influence of civil war.
C. The fight against ivory poaching. D. Reasons for naturally tuskless elephants.
27. What do paragraph 2 and 3 tell us about the elephants?
A. Their pricey tusks. B. Their evolution process.
C. Their endangered conditions. D. Their sufferings during the war.
28. What surprised Samuel about the findings?
A. The rapid speed of evolution. B. Elephants’ gender imbalance.
C. Elephants’ population reduction. D. The diversity of natural selection.
29. Which might be one of the results of the chain reaction?
A. Elephants will die out soon. B. Elephants will shift their diet.
C. Elephants will suffer from starvation. D. Elephants will be replaced by other species.
【答案】
26. D 27. B 28. A 29. B
【解析】
【导读】本文是说明文。文章讲述了莫桑比克大象因为多年的内战和偷猎，在进化过程中导致了无
象牙大象的出现，文章分析了进化的原因以及可能导致的结果。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Now researchers have figured out how years of civil war and poaching in
Mozambique have led to a greater number of elephants that will never develop tusks.( 现在，研究人员已
经弄清莫桑比克多年的内战和偷猎是如何导致大量的大象永远长不出象牙的。)”可知，研究人员
弄清楚了天生没有象牙的大象的原因。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“The survivors were likely to share a key characteristic: half the females
were naturally tuskless - they simply never developed tusks - while before the war, less than a fifth lacked
tusks.(这些幸存者很可能共享一个关键特征:一半的雌性天生没有象牙——它们从来没有长出象牙
——而在战前，只有不到五分之一的大象没有象牙。)”和第三段内容“After the war, those tuskless
surviving females passed on their genes with expected,as well as surprising, results. About half their
daughters were tuskless. More confusing, two-thirds of their offspring (后代) were female. ‘The years of
unrest changed the evolution in that population,’ said evolutionary biologist Shane Staton.(战争结束后，
这些没有象牙的幸存雌性大象将它们的基因遗传给了下一代，结果出乎意料，也令人惊奇。大约一
半的女儿没有象牙。更令人困惑，三分之二的后代是女性。进化生物学家Shane Staton说:“多年的
动荡改变了这一种群的进化。”)”可推断，二、三两段讲述了大象的进化过程。故选B。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段Samuel Wasser说的话“The fact that this dramatic selection for tusklessness
happened over 15 years is one of the most astonishing findings.( 这种对无象牙的戏剧性的选择发生在
15年期间，是最令人惊讶的发现之一。)”可知，Samuel吃惊进化的速度。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“If an elephant doesn’t have the tool to peel bark from trees, then what
chain reaction will happen?( 如果大象没有剥树皮的工具，那么会发生什么连锁反应呢?)”可推断，这
种连锁反应可能导致的结果是大象饮食的转变。故选B。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂
