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选择性必修三 Unit 3
选拔卷
（考试时间：75分钟 试卷满分：100分）
第一部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Scientists in Mexico say they may have found a way to cut the production of methane (甲烷), a gas
linked to rising temperatures on the Earth’s surface. The scientists say their method may help reduce the
methane released by cows, one of the main producers of the gas.
When talking about global warming, many people think of carbon dioxide, another heat-trapping gas.
Methane is an even more powerful heat-trapping gas. Cows are known to produce high levels of methane
when they eat and process food.
Researchers at the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico are studying how a cow's diet
affects the production of methane. The researchers are using a specially designed machine to measure the
effect. The scientists use the machine to try to capture the animal's breathing to examine the methane
released.
Most of the gas is released when cows belch. The digestive bacteria in a cow's stomach causes the
animal to send out the gas through its mouth. There are an estimated 1.3 to 1.5 billion cows in the world.
Each animal releases as much as 120 kilograms of methane per year. The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency reports that, whenever measured in pounds, the effect of methane on climate change is more than
25 times greater than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period.
As it is difficult to capture the gas released by cows for use as energy, one way to lessen its release is
to change their diet. Scientists in some countries are looking for ways to decrease cow methane. But while
they are trying different plants and chemical compounds, those products would be too costly and difficult to
bring to Mexico.
1. How harmful is the gas sent off by cows?
A. It is more difficult to control its amount.
B. It takes up most of human-caused methane.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂C. It is the key factor to prevent globe warming.
D. It is more harmful than carbon dioxide.
2. What can scientists in some countries do to settle the problem caused by cows?
A. Limit the number of cows. B. Change what they eat.
C. Fix machines on their mouths. D. Use their gases as energy.
3. What may be the best title for the text?
A. We Had a Better Method of Raising Cows
B. Cows Are Much More Harmful than Cars
C. Researchers Found a Way to Reduce Methane from cows
D. Two Gases Are Causing the Warming of the Planet
【答案】
1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员发现了一种减少奶牛体内甲烷的方法。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“When talking about global warming, many people think of carbon dioxide,
another heat-trapping gas. Methane is an even more powerful heat-trapping gas.”（当谈到全球变暖，许
多人想到另一种吸热气体——二氧化碳，但甲烷是一种更强的吸热气体）可知，甲烷比二氧化碳更
能导致全球变暖，故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“As it is difficult to capture the gas released by cows for use as energy, one
way to lessen its release is to change their diet.”（由于很难捕获奶牛释放的气体作为能量，减少其释
放的一种方法是改变它们的饮食）可知，一些科学家可以通过改变奶牛的饮食来减少其甲烷排放量，
故选B。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists in Mexico say they may have found a way to cut the production of
methane (甲烷), a gas linked to rising temperatures on the Earth’s surface. The scientists say their method
may help reduce the methane released by cows, one of the main producers of the gas.
”（墨西哥科学家表示，他们可能已经找到了一种减少甲烷产生的方法，甲烷是一种与地球表面温
度升高有关的气体。科学家们说，他们的方法可能有助于减少奶牛释放的甲烷，奶牛是甲烷的主要
制造者之一）可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发现了一种减少奶牛体内甲烷的方法，故选C。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂B
Average age is rising around the world—a demographic (人口统计) change that may pose a
significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change.
Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic
Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to
get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their
study suggests.
They combined two decades, worth of data from thousands of US households and used this to build a
model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groups between 1987 and 2009. They found that, on
average, children’s energy consumption climbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave
home. Consumption then rises again when people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and then
beginning to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and
size of a person’s home. The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan (寿命) seems to be the
result of life style and how our needs change as we age.
Why does demand grow so much in our 30s?“We need more of everything. More space, a bigger TV
two fridges,” says Estiri. The study found that, in warmer parts of the US, energy use increases in people
over the age of 65—probably as a result of increased use of air conditioning, This suggests that there is a
feedback effect between climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse.
Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and are expected to become more
frequent due to global warming. More older people using more electrical energy to keep cool as
temperatures rise could add to emissions, and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes
entirely fossil fuel-free.
“This confluence of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to
start thin king about,” says Estiri. Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says the work shows
the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of climate
change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型) assumes people’s energy consumption either stays the same or
only changes by a small amount over time.
“This study directly challenges that entire body of research by forcing it to fight with the temporality
and complexity of the consumption of energy,” says Sovacool.
Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂influence on policy makers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use
energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy,” she says.
4. By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier” in Paragraph 2, the writer probably means that
.
A. poor people can’t bring down the high demand for energy
B. a comfortable life is not the main cause of in creased energy use
C. there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumption
D. people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise of energy consumption
5. The underlined word “confluence” in Paragraph 6 has the similar meaning to .
A. change B. meeting C. decrease D. possibility
6. What is the shortcoming of most modeling of climate change mitigation?
A. It is expensive and difficult to promote.
B. It overestimates the household energy consumption.
C. It did not take climate change adaptation into account.
D. It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing.
7. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. More emphasis should be put on people’s energy use.
B. The government can't do much without the support of the study.
C. It is the buildings, not the people in side, that consume the majority of the energy.
D. Policymakers have been working on how to cut down people’s energy use.
【答案】
4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人口老龄化对全球气候变化产生很大影响。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段下文“An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with
higher energy use, their study suggests.(他们的研究表明，人口老龄化可能意味着更大比例的社会有更
高的能源使用)”可推断，“energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get
wealthier”的句意是：随着年龄的增长，能源的使用也会增加，并且不仅仅是因为我们常常会变得
更富有。因此推断通过划线句作者很可能想要表达还有一些其他原因导致能源消耗增加。故选C。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第六段下文“Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says the work
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂shows the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of
climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型) assumes people's energy consumption either stays the
same or only changes by a small amount over time.(英国苏塞克斯大学的本杰明·苏瓦库尔说，这项工
作显示了人口统计数据在减少碳排放方面的重要性。大多数缓解气候变化的模型都假设人们的能源
消耗要么保持不变，要么只随着时间的推移发生少量变化)”可知，这项工作是重要的，对于缓解
气候变化的模型影响很大，因此推断划线句句意：人口、老龄化和气候变化在能源需求上的汇集影
响是非常重要的，划线词与B项意思相近，故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段的“Most modelling of climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型)
assumes people's energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time.
(大多数减缓气候变化的模型都假设人们的能源消耗要么保持不变，要么随时间发生少量变化)”可
知，大多数气候变化缓解模型的缺点是认为能源消耗是稳定的或只是轻微的变化。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings
use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy(论文上说，关于建筑物如
何使用能源，有很多工作要做，但关于建筑物中的人如何使用能源，可能还不够)”可推断， 应该
更加强调人们的能源使用。故选A。
C
Burning coal for energy adds planet-warning carbon dioxide (CO ) to Earth’s atmosphere. As the
2
planet heats up, experts warn that simply cutting greenhouse gas emissions (排放) will not be enough to
avoid global warming. CO must also be removed from the atmosphere.
2
Existing experimental machines that pull CO directly from the air are too expensive to be widely
2
used. But a new effective technology to remove CO already exists. It is not expensive and easy. It is
2
forests. Planting trees and watching forests are effective ways to clean the air.
Forests used to cover large areas of the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States. In the
state of West Virginia, coal mining let the land there bare, without trees. Over the years, coal mining and
cutting forests took over 90 percent of the red spruce (云杉) forests.
Chris Barton works for the University of Kentucky. He started a group called Green Forests Work,
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂aiming to put trees back on the roughly 400,000 hectares of land.
However, Barton explains the land has problems. “If you planted trees on these places, they just didn’t
grow. The ground was too hard. Water didn’t infiltrate (渗透). The trees can’t root. Oxygen can’t circulate
in those environments.” Using heavy equipment, workers tear the ground. In this way, the trees put down
roots.
Barton says not everyone believes the solution is a good idea. “We’ve had a lot of doubtful look at us
twice from people. But after we do it, there’s no question that it was the right thing to do.” And it has
worked. Forests are coming back to the grounds.
Scientists say that, in West Virginia alone, restoring red spruce forests to the area could send what is
equal to 56 million barrels (桶) of oil into the ground. But it will take time — a long time. Around the
world, experts say, nature offers powerful tools to fight climate change. But patience is needed. Nature
works, but slowly, in its own time.
8. What is the economical and effective way to remove CO from the air?
2
A. Inventing new and powerful machines.
B. Cutting greenhouse gas emissions.
C. Making use of natural gases instead of coal
D. Planting trees and protecting forests.
9. What does the underlined word“tear” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Destroy. B. Repair. C. Cry. D. Cover.
10. What can we know from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 5?
A. Oxygen is not enough for trees to grow there.
B. Too many rocks had made it hard to plant trees.
C. Coal mining has spoiled the land through years.
D. There is no water for trees to grow there.
11. The last paragraph tells us that restoring the forest environment there is ________.
A. a painful process B. a slow process
C. a creative process D. a learning process
【答案】
8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了抑制全球变暖的方法——植树护林。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But a new effective technology to remove CO2 already exists. It is not
expensive and easy. It is forests. Planting trees and watching forests are effective ways to clean the air.(但
是一项新的有效的技术已经存在。它不贵而且容易。它是森林。植树造林是净化空气的有效方
法)”可知，从空气中去除二氧化碳的经济有效的方法是植树护林。故选D。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的“The ground was too hard. Water didn't infiltrate (渗透). The trees can't
root.(地面太硬了。水没有渗入。这些树不能生根)”和划线后面的“the trees put down roots(这些树
扎根了)”可知，使用了大型设备把地面撕开了，这样树才能扎根。由此推知，划线词tear与
destroy(破坏)意思接近 。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Forests used to cover large areas of the Appalachian Mountains in the
eastern United States. In the state of West Virginia, coal mining let the land there bare, without trees.(森林
曾经覆盖了美国东部阿巴拉契亚山脉的大片地区。在西弗吉尼亚州，煤矿开采让那里的土地光秃秃
的，没有树木)”第五段中的“If you planted trees on these places, they just didn't grow. The ground was
too hard. Water didn't infiltrate (渗透). The trees can't root. Oxygen can't circulate in those environments.
(如果你在这些地方植树，它们就不会生长。地面太硬。水不会渗入。树木不能生根。氧气不能在
这些环境中循环)”可推知，煤矿开采把那里的土地毁掉了。故选C。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But it will take time — a long time. (但这需要时间——很长时间)”
以及“But patience is needed. Nature works, but slowly,in its own time.(但需要耐心。大自然在它自己
的时间里工作，但很慢)”可知，恢复森林环境是一个缓慢的过程。 故选B。
D
The world’s coral reefs are in bad shape. Climate change has led to coral whitening. Overfishing has
disturbed the ecosystems that keep reefs healthy. Poisonous runoffs from human industry are destroying the
“rainforests of the sea.” A new study has highlighted another threat to coral reefs：plastics.
Researchers analyzed corals from reefs in Southeast Asia and Australia. Almost everywhere they
looked, they saw bits of plastic, including chip wrappers, Q-tips, garbage bags.
The team estimates that at least 11 billion plastic items are trapped in coral reefs in the Asia-Pacific
and that number is increasing alarmingly. This could spell disaster for the world’s reefs. The likelihood of
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂the corals developing a disease jumps from 4 to 89 percent when corals come into contact with plastics.
Further investigations are needed to determine precisely how and why plastics make coral open to
different diseases. But it seems that plastic debris（碎片）slices open the skin of the corals, exposing them
to bacteria.
“Plastic debris can cause damage to coral tissues by accelerating invasion of bacteria or by exhausting
resources for immune system function during wound-healing processes,” the authors of the study write.
Drew Harvell, co-author of the study, says that plastics also “shade the light coral needs and cut off water
flow.”
It is vital to preserve the health of coral reefs for a number of reasons. Many marine creatures make
their homes within the reefs. Reefs also protect coastlines from waves and tropical storms, support fishing
industries and generate billions of dollars for the worldwide tourism industry every year.
Throughout the research, scientists noticed that the plastics problem was not evenly distributed. Reefs
near Indonesia had the highest amount of plastic rubbish, while reefs near Australia had the lowest. This
could be because Australia has the best waste removal system. It suggests that there is a relatively easy fix
to the issue.
“We can clean up the problem,” Harvell told Fears. “It’s so much easier than climate change.”
12. What does the underlined part in the first paragraph refer to?
A. coral reefs B. ecosystems
C. runoffs from human industry D. plastics
13. How could plastics make coral reefs open to diseases?
A. By cutting off the food supply.
B. By bringing bacteria to the sea.
C. By speeding up the immune system function.
D. By hurting the facial tissue and exposing them to diseases.
14. Why are Indonesia and Australia mentioned in the 7th paragraph?
A. To advertise for the waste removal system.
B. To show optimism about solving the plastics problem.
C. To praise the efforts made by the Australian government.
D. To emphasize the importance of dealing with plastics problem.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Threats to Coral Reefs. B. Plastics Endangers Coral Reefs.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂C. Coral Reefs and Climate Change. D. Protecting Coral Reefs for Our Future.
【答案】
12. A 13. D 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了塑料垃圾对珊瑚礁的不良影响。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前文“The world’s coral reefs are in bad shape. Climate change has led to coral
whitening. Overfishing has disturbed the ecosystems that keep reefs healthy.”所述，“世界上的珊瑚礁处
于糟糕的状况。气候导致了珊瑚礁白化。过度捕捞也扰乱了保持珊瑚礁健康的生态系统。”可知，
后文中提到的“ Poisonous runoffs from human industry are destroying the rainforests of the sea.”人类工
业排放的有毒物质正在破坏的 “海洋雨林” 就是指珊瑚礁。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “The team estimates that at least 11 billion plastic items are trapped in
coral reefs in the Asia-Pacific and that number is increasing alarmingly. This could spell disaster for the
world’s reefs. The likelihood of the corals developing a disease jumps from 4 to 89 percent when corals
come into contact with plastics.”（这个团队发现当珊瑚礁接触塑料时，他们患病的可能性从4%升到
89%）及文章第五段 ““Plastic debris can cause damage to coral tissues by accelerating invasion of
bacteria or by exhausting resources for immune system function during wound-healing processes,” （塑料
碎片会加速细菌的入侵，或者在伤口愈合过程中耗尽免疫系统的资源，从而对珊瑚组织造成损
害。）” 可知，塑料正是伤害珊瑚礁的面部组织让他们容易感染疾病的。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段 “ Reefs near Indonesia had the highest amount of plastic rubbish, while reefs
near Australia had the lowest. This could be because Australia has the best waste removal system. It
suggests that there is a relatively easy fix to the issue.（印度尼西亚附近的珊瑚礁有最多的塑料垃圾，
而澳大利亚附近的珊瑚礁塑料垃圾最少。这可能是因为澳大利亚有最好的垃圾处理系统。这表明有
一个相对简单的方法来解决这个问题。）可知，文中所述的印度尼西亚附近的珊瑚礁有最多的塑料
垃圾，而澳大利亚附近的珊瑚礁塑料垃圾最少是为了说明塑料问题是可以通过有效的垃圾处理措施
解决的。故B正确。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“ A new study has highlighted another threat to coral reefs：plastics.”一项新
的研究强调了珊瑚礁面临的另一种威胁:塑料。因此，文章的标题 “塑料危害珊瑚礁” 为短文的最佳
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂标题。故选B。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为
多余选项。
One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent
addition to the list of things we throw away is e-waste — electronic items that are broken and not
recycled. ____16____, but also because we lack the skills to repair them even if we know their value.
Many millions of tons of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are abandoned each year. A
UN report claims the 50 million tons of e-waste generated every year will more than double to 110 million
tons by 2050, making it the fastest growing waste stream in the world. ____17____.
Recently, there’s a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the
growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. The BBC visited a Restart Project in London, which is
one of many found around the world. One of its operators, Francesco Calo, said that “This project makes
total sense. ____18____. Besides, it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed
a fault.”
____19____. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting (提取) these
materials from electronic gadgets (小工具). Apart from just being recycled, the European Union, for
example, is trying to encourage manufacturers to reuse some extracted electronic components.
____20____. With phones typically containing as many as 60 elements, this could be part of the solution to
our appetite for new technology.
A. First of all, this project prolongs the life of electric objects
B. It is partly because it’s cheaper to replace them than fix them
C. It is reported that many people have made a big fortune from it
D. Now solutions have been put forward to give this e-waste a new life
E. So it’s thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional recycling
F. As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another solution is e-waste mining
G. One of the reasons is that people don’t think their electronic items are fashionable enough
【答案】
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂16. B 17. D 18. A 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何处理日益增多的电子垃圾的方法。
【16题详解】
根据下句“but also because we lack the skills to repair them even if we know their value.(而且是因为我
们缺乏处理电子垃圾的技术，即使我们知道他们的价值)”可知，空格处在分析我们不能处理电子
垃圾的其它一些原因。因此B. It is partly because it’s cheaper to replace them than fix them (部分原因
是替换它们比修理要便宜)符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上句“A UN report claims the 50 million tons of e-waste generated every year will more than double
to 110 million tons by 2050, making it the fastest growing waste stream in the world. (联合国报道每年电
子垃圾可达到500万吨，到2050年将翻倍。使之成为世界上增长最快的废物)”可知，电子垃圾如
此之多，我们必须相处解决的具体办法。因此D. Now solutions have been put forward to give this e-
waste a new life (现在方案已经被提出去给这种电子废料以新生)符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据上句“This project makes total sense. (这个项目完全有意义)”以及下句“Besides,”可知，空格
处在分析这个项目的具体意义。因此A. First of all, this project prolongs the life of electric objects (首
先，这个项目能延长电子物体的寿命)符合语境，故选A。
【19题详解】
根据下句“An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting (提取) these
materials from electronic gadgets (小工具). (在新南威尔士大学开展的一项实验表明：可以从电子小工
具中提取这些材料)”可知，要找到处理电子垃圾的新办法去获取可利用的材料。因此F. As many
electrical items contain valuable metals, another solution is e-waste mining (由于许多电子产品包含有价
值的金属，找到处理电子垃圾的新方法就是一种方案)符合语境。故选F。
【20题详解】
根据上句“the European Union is trying to encourage manufacturers to reuse some extracted electronic
components. (欧盟一直鼓励制造商去重新使用一些电子原件)”以及下句“With phones typically
containing as many as 60 elements, (由于手机包含多达60种元素)”可知，有效利用旧的电子原件收
益更大。E. So it’s thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional recycling (因此，这样
做可能比传统的循环利用要更加盈利)符合语境。故选E。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂第二部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项。
Peru demanded compensation (赔偿金) Wednesday from Spanish energy giant Repsol over an oil spill
(石油泄漏). It might be caused by sudden and big ____17____ from a volcanic eruption near Tonga in the
South Pacific because volcanic eruption can cause waves.
Authorities ____18____ three beaches on Monday ____19____ 6,000 barrels (桶) of oil were
spilled during the ____20____ of an oil-transporting ship at the Pampilla oil-processing factory off the
coast near Lima. The Repsol oil spill “is the worst ____21____ disaster in Lima in recent times, and has
caused serious ____22____ to hundreds of ____23____ families. “Repsol must make an immediate
____24____ for their loss,” the authority said on Twitter. “This terrible situation has put plants and animals
____25____ in two protected areas,” it noted. Peruvian authorities found lots of dead sea animals
_____26_____ in oil. The spill happened on Saturday at the oil-processing factory in the Lima region,
_____27_____ a 3-kilometer stretch of beaches.
Officials of the factory _____28_____ described the spill as “limited” and said it was working with
authorities to _____29_____ the beaches. “Controlling barriers that cover all of the affected
_____30_____ have been set up. And a team of _____31_____ in sea and land have been sent,” said the
factory, which _____32_____ the spill on the waves caused by the volcanic eruption more than 10,000
kilometers away but not a bit on the mishandling of the workers who moved the oil barrels off the
_____33_____.
The oil-processing factory could face a _____34_____ of up to $32.3 million, the _____35_____
ministry of Peru said on Monday. And the prosecutors (公诉人) have opened an _____36_____ into the
company for environmental pollution.
17. A. fishes B. waves C. fires D. stones
18. A. closed B. discovered C. destroyed D. named
19. A. before B. unless C. until D. after
20. A. uploading B. repairing C. offloading D. supplying
21. A. agricultural B. snowy C. ecological D. nuclear
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂22. A. waste B. damage C. crime D. storm
23. A. fishing B. poor C. teaching D. rich
24. A. escape B. advertisement C. encouragement D. payment
25. A. in advance B. in air C. at risk D. at work
26. A. measuring B. decorated C. swimming D. covered
27. A. recovering B. affecting C. creating D. leaving
28. A. traditionally B. proudly C. originally D. honestly
29. A. clean up B. take up C. build up D. cut up
30. A. animals B. people C. plants D. zones
31. A. specialists B. students C. journalists D. stars
32. A. impressed B. spent C. blamed D. put
33. A. truck B. ship C. line D. store
34. A. failure B. fine C. prize D. fund
35. A. environment B. education C. finance D. defense
36. A. organization B. entrance C. account D. investigation
【答案】
17. B 18. A 19. D 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27.
B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. A 36. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文报道了利马近年来最严重的生态灾难“雷普索尔漏油事件”。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它可能是由南太平洋汤加附近的火山喷发产生的突然巨浪引起的，因为
火山喷发会引起波浪。A.fishes鱼；B.waves波浪；C.fires火；D.stones石头。根据下文“…because
volcanic eruption can cause waves(……因为火山喷发会引起波浪)”可推知，漏油事件可能是由南太
平洋汤加附近的火山喷发产生的突然而巨大的波浪（waves）引起的。故选B项。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在利马附近海岸附近的潘皮拉石油加工厂，一艘输油船在卸货过程中溢
出6000桶石油之后，当局于周一关闭了三个海滩。A.closed关闭；B.discovered发现；C.destroyed
摧毁；D.named命名的。根据上/下文“…6,000 barrels (桶) of oil were spilled…”可知，6000桶石油
溢出到海水，推知当局关闭（closed）了三个海滩，以便于下一步清理海滩。故选A项。
【19题详解】
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂考查连词词义辨析。句意：在利马附近海岸附近的潘皮拉石油加工厂，一艘输油船在卸货过程中溢
出6000桶石油之后，当局于周一关闭了三个海滩。A.before之前；B.unless除非；C.until直到；
D.after之后。根据上文“Authorities ____2____ three beaches on Monday…”可知，当局于周一关
闭了三个海滩，结合语境，关闭海滩应该在漏油事情发生之后（after）。故选D项。
【20题详解】
考查动名词词义辨析。句意：在利马附近海岸附近的潘皮拉石油加工厂，一艘输油船在卸货过程中
溢出6000桶石油，当局于周一关闭了三个海滩。A.uploading上传；B.repairing修复；C.offloading
卸载，减轻；D.supplying供应。通过下文“…which ____16____ the spill on the waves caused by the
volcanic eruption more than 10,000 kilometers away but not a bit on the mishandling of the workers who
moved the oil barrels off the ____17____.”可知，该工厂把漏油事件一点也不归咎于将油桶从船上移
下的工人的不当操作，推知此处指，该工厂工人在卸载（offloading）油桶的时候，发生了漏油事件。
故选C项。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“雷普索尔漏油事件”是利马近年来最严重的生态灾难，给数百个渔
民家庭造成了严重损失。A.agricultural农业的；B.snowy下雪的；C.ecological生态的；D.nuclear原
子能的。根据下文“Peruvian authorities found lots of dead sea animals ____10____ in oil.”可知，秘
鲁当局在石油中发现了大量死海动物，因此，漏油事件对当地海洋生物的生存造成严重威胁，这是
严重的生态（ecological）灾难。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“雷普索尔漏油事件”是利马近年来最严重的生态灾难，给数百个渔民
家庭造成了严重损失。A.waste浪费；B.damage损失；C.crime罪行；D.storm暴风雨。根据下文
“Peruvian authorities found lots of dead sea animals ____10____ in oil.”可知，秘鲁当局在石油中发
现了大量死海动物，因此，漏油事件给当地某些渔民家庭造成了严重损失（damage），故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“雷普索尔漏油事件”是利马近年来最严重的生态灾难，给数百个渔民
家庭造成了严重损失。A.fishing捕鱼的；B.poor贫穷的；C.teaching教学；D.rich富有的。根据下文
“Peruvian authorities found lots of dead sea animals ____10____ in oil.”可知，秘鲁当局在石油中发
现了大量死海动物，推知，此次漏油事件造成当地渔民（fishing families）损失。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“雷普索尔必须立即赔偿他们的损失”，当局在Twitter上说。A.escape
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂逃跑；B.advertisement广告；C.encouragement鼓舞；D.payment赔偿。根据上文“…and has caused
serious ____6____ to hundreds of ____7____ families.”可知，漏油事件给数百个渔民家庭造成了严
重损失，推知此处指雷普索尔必须“立即赔偿（make an immediate payment）”他们的损失，该空
应该填名词payment。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：报告指出：“这种可怕的情况使两个保护区的动植物处于危险之中。”。
A.in advance提前；B.in air在空中；C.at risk处于危险中；D.at work工作中。根据下文“Peruvian
authorities found lots of dead sea animals ____10____ in oil.”可知，漏油造成了当地大量海洋动物死
亡，推知附近保护区的动植物处于危险之中（at risk）。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：秘鲁当局发现大量死的海洋动物被石油覆盖。A.measuring测量；
B.decorated装饰；C.swimming游泳；D.covered覆盖。根据上文“The Repsol oil spill “is the worst
____5____ disaster in Lima in recent times…”可知，雷普索尔漏油事件“是利马近年来最严重的生
态灾难，推知，漏油量非常大，造成大量海洋动物死亡并被漏油覆盖（covered）。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词词义辨析。句意：周六，泄漏发生在利马地区的石油加工厂，影响了3公里长的海
滩。A.recovering恢复；B.affecting影响；C.creating创建；D.leaving离开。结合语境以及根据该句
中“…a 3-kilometer stretch of beaches”可推知，漏油在该工厂发生后，势必会蔓延到海水里，影响
了（affecting）3公里长的海滩。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：该工厂的官员最初将泄漏描述为“有限的”，并表示正在与当局合作清
理海滩。A.traditionally传统上；B.proudly骄傲地；C.originally最初；D.honestly诚实地。根据下文
“which ____16____ the spill on the waves caused by the volcanic eruption more than 10,000 kilometers
away but not a bit on the mishandling of the workers who moved the oil barrels off the ____17____.”可
知，该工厂把漏油归咎于10000多公里外的火山喷发引起的海浪，但一点也不归咎于卸货的工人的
不当操作，可见他们对此次漏油事件是推卸责任的态度，推知他们最初（originally）将泄漏描述为
“有限的”。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：该工厂的官员最初将泄漏描述为“有限的”，并表示正在与当局合作清理海
滩。A.clean up清理；B.take up开始从事；C.build up建立；D.cut up切碎。根据上文“The spill
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂happened on Saturday at the oil-processing factory in the Lima region, ____11____ a 3-kilometer stretch
of beaches.”可知，泄漏发生在利马地区的石油加工厂，影响了3公里长的海滩，推知此处指该工
厂与当局合作清理（clean up）海滩。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：工厂说：“已经建立了覆盖所有受影响区域的控制屏障。A.animals动
物；B.people人；C.plants植物；D.zones区域。根据上文“The spill happened on Saturday at the oil-
processing factory in the Lima region, ____11____ a 3-kilometer stretch of beaches.”以及“Controlling
barriers that cover all of the affected”可知，泄漏影响了3公里长的海滩，推知此处指在这些受漏油
影响的海滩区域（zones）建立控制屏障，防止漏油继续扩散。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该工厂称，“已经派出了一个海陆专家小组。”该工厂将漏油归咎于一
万多公里外的火山爆发引起的海浪，但丝毫没有归咎于将油桶从船上移下的工人的不当操作。
A.specialists专家；B.students学生；C.journalists记者；D.stars星星。根据上文“…it was working
with authorities to ____13____ the beaches.”可知，该工厂正在与当局合作清理海滩，推知此处指为
清理海滩派出的专家（specialists）小组。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该工厂称，“已经派出了一个海陆专家小组。”该工厂将漏油归咎于一
万多公里外的火山爆发引起的海浪，但丝毫没有归咎于将油桶从船上移下的工人的不当操作。
A.impressed印象深刻；B.spent花费；C.blamed 把……归咎于；D.put放。根据上文“It might be
caused by sudden and big ____1____ from a volcanic eruption near Tonga in the South Pacific because
volcanic eruption can cause waves.”可知，漏油事件可能是由南太平洋汤加附近的火山喷发产生的突
然而巨大的波浪引起的，因为火山喷发会引起波浪，推知此处指该工厂推卸责任，将漏油归咎于
（blamed ）一万多公里外的火山爆发引起的海浪。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该工厂称，“已经派出了一个海陆专家小组。”该工厂将漏油归咎于一
万多公里外的火山爆发引起的海浪，但丝毫没有归咎于在船上移动油桶的工人的不当操作。A.truck
卡车；B.ship船；C.line线；D.store百货商店。根据上文“…6,000 barrels (桶) of oil were spilled
during the ____4____ of an oil-transporting ship”可知，上文提到一艘输油船在卸货过程中溢出6000
桶石油，推知此处指工人在油船（ship）上卸货过程中操作不当导致漏油事件发生。故选B项。
【34题详解】
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂考查名词词义辨析。句意：秘鲁环境部周一表示，这家石油加工厂可能面临高达3230万美元的罚
款。A.failure失败；B.fine罚款；C.prize奖；D.fund基金。根据上文“…but not a bit on the
mishandling of the workers who moved the oil barrels off the ____17____.”可知，漏油事件可能是由
于该工厂的工人卸货过程中操作不当造成的，推知此处指该厂应该对此负责，将面临罚款
（fine）。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：秘鲁环境部周一表示，这家石油加工厂可能面临高达3230万美元的罚
款。A.environment环境；B.education教育；C.finance资金；D.defense防守。根据语境可知，漏油
事件破坏了当地海洋环境，推知此处指秘鲁的环境（environment）部门对该公司造成的损失做出评
估。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意： 公诉人对该公司的环境污染展开了调查。A.organization组织；
B.entrance入口；C.account账户；D.investigation调查。根据上文“The oil-processing factory could
face a ____18____ of up to $32.3 million, the ____19____ ministry of Peru said on Monday.”可知，
这家石油加工厂可能面临高达3230万美元的罚款，推知此处指公诉人对该公司的环境污染展开了
调查（investigation），以便于进一步确定处罚标准和处罚措施。故选D项。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last week, climate strikers young and old came out in force to call upon the government to act with
greater urgency in tackling the global climate emergency.
They ____37____ very well feel a need to step up their demands upon hearing the awful findings of
the special report on the ocean and cryosphere (低温层) in a changing climate, released on Wednesday by
the International Panel on Climate Change. The report highlighted the intimate connections which exist
between our climate, our oceans and our very existence. It presented irrefutable scientific evidence that our
warming climate is placing marine and ____38____ (freeze) areas of our planet in grave danger, with
some changes happening at a much larger scale and faster rate than previously ____39____ (predict).
Urgent action is needed ____40____ we are to keep our planet-and our oceans-safe and habitable.
This requires ambitious targets ____41____ (reduce) our carbon emissions and to shift our energy system
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂away from polluting fossil fuels towards 100% renewable energies. Change is also needed in international
cooperation around ____42____ our oceans are protected.
It is hoped that UN member states ____43____ (sign) a strong global ocean treaty that could pave the
way for the creation of marine sanctuaries (禁猎区), ____44____ (place) at least 30% of oceans off limits
to human activities such as commercial fishing and oil and gas exploration. This is a crucial step towards
building the resilience of marine ecosystems and securing a sustainable future for those ____45____
livelihoods depend on our oceans.
The government has been a vocal champion for ocean conservation. Now is the time for Britain to turn
political will into decisive action by leading the way with the forging of a new global ocean treaty. The
prime minister’s direct involvement could make the difference ____46____ a watered-down agreement or
a powerful one.
【答案】
37. did 38. frozen
39. predicted 40. if
41. to reduce
42. how 43. will sign
44. placing
45. whose 46. between
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们现在必须要采取行动保护海洋环境。
【37题详解】
考查强调句。句意：在听到国际气候变化专门委员会周三发布的关于气候变化中的海洋和冰层
的特别报告的可怕发现后，他们确实感到有必要提高他们的要求。结合句意分析句子结构可知，这
里需要使用“助动词+动词原形的形式”来强调谓语动词feel，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，助
动词用did。故填did。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：它提供了无可辩驳的科学证据，我们日益变暖的气候正在使我们星球的海
洋和冰冻地区处于严重的危险之中，一些变化的规模和速度比以前预测的要大得多。修饰空后名词
areas应用形容词，结合句意表达“冰冻的”用frozen。故填frozen。
【39题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：它提供了无可辩驳的科学证据，我们日益变暖的气候正在使我们
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂星球的海洋和冰冻地区处于严重的危险之中，一些变化的规模和速度比以前预测的要大得多。分析
可知，此处为一种省略结构，完整形式为：than it was previously predicted，习惯上省略it was，故
填predicted。
【40题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：如果我们要保持地球和海洋的安全和宜居，就需要采取紧急行动。结合
句意分析上下句之间关系可知，这里使用if“如果”引导条件状语从句，符合句意，故填if。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这就需要制定远大的目标来减少我们的碳排放，并将我们的能源系统
从污染化石燃料转向100%可再生能源。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应用不定式表目的，即需
要远大目标的目的是减少碳排放。故填to reduce。
【42题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：围绕如何保护我们的海洋开展的国际合作也需要改变。分析句子结构并
结合句意可知，此处使用宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，故填how。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：人们希望联合国成员国能签署一项强有力的全球海洋条约，为建立海洋保护
区铺平道路，将至少30%的海洋禁止人类活动，如商业捕鱼和油气勘探。空处为主语从句的谓语动
词，根据时间状语 next year 可知，这里要使用一般将来时，故填will sign。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：人们希望联合国成员国能签署一项强有力的全球海洋条约，为建立海
洋保护区铺平道路，将至少30%的海洋禁止人类活动，如商业捕鱼和油气勘探。分析句子结构可知，
此处应用非谓语动词作状语，treaty和place之间为主动关系，使用现在分词，故填placing。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这是朝着建立海洋生态系统的复原力和确保那些依靠海洋为生的人的可
持续未来迈出的关键一步。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为those指人，
在从句中作定语，使用关系代词whose，故填whose。
【46题详解】
考查介词。句意：首相的直接参与可能会决定一项淡化的协议还是一项强有力的协议。结合句
意和句子结构可知，表示在两者之间选其中一个，用介词between。故填between。
第三部分 写作（满分20分）
47. 假定你是李华，是第一中学的一名学生，请你就学校附近一些印染厂偷排未经处理的废气所造
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂成的极大影响与危害，给常熟市长写一封信反映这一污染问题。内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.排放未经处理废气的危害；
3.你的诉求。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已经给出，不包含在词数内。
参考词汇：printing and dyeing mill 印染厂
Dear Mayor,
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
_________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Mayor,
I’m Li Hua, a student from No. 1 Middle School. I venture to write to complain about the air pollution
in our school area caused by some nearby printing and dyeing mills.
These mills are illegally pumping unprocessed waste gas into the air directly, which leads to a sharp
smell filling the school area. Worse still, students’ prolonged exposure to such smelling and poisonous air
increases their risk of developing diseases and even cancer.
Thus it is my sincere hope that you can look into the case and assure us of clean and safe air. I would
appreciate it greatly if you could take my complaint seriously.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给常熟市长写一封信反映学校附近的污染问题。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时,少量现在进行时。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 表明写信目的；
2. 介绍排放未经处理废气的危害;
3. 表明你的诉求。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
complain about; air pollution; pump…into…; unprocessed waste gas; lead to; look into; assure sb. of…;
take…seriously
第三步：连词成句
1. I venture to write to complain about the air pollution in our school area caused by some nearby printing
and dyeing mills.
2. These mills are illegally pumping unprocessed waste gas into the air directly, which leads to a sharp
smell filling the school area.
3. Worse still, students’ prolonged exposure to such smelling and poisonous air increases their risk of
developing diseases and even cancer.
4. Thus it is my sincere hope that you can look into the case and assure us of clean and safe air.
5. I would appreciate it greatly if you could take my complaint seriously.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表并列补充关系：Worse still; and
2.表因果关系：Thus
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1]. These mills are illegally pumping unprocessed waste gas into the air directly,
which leads to a sharp smell filling the school area. （由关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. I would appreciate it greatly if you could take my complaint seriously.（由if引导的条件状
语从句）
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂
