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选择性必修三 Unit 4
提分小卷
（考试时间：30分钟 试卷满分：60分）
一、词汇过关：本题共20个小题，每小题1分，共20分。
1. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very c__________(复杂的). (根据中英文提
示单词拼写)
【答案】complicated##omplicated
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：克隆植物很简单，而克隆动物很复杂。空格处用形容词作表语，由首
字母提示c可知，“复杂的”是complicated，故填complicated。
2. As the ________ (截止日期) gets closer and closer, the task seems to become larger and larger. (根据
汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】deadline
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：随着截止日期越来越近，任务似乎变得越来越大。根据汉语提示可知，
deadline截止日期，名词作主语；由空后动词gets可知，空处名词需用单数。故填deadline。
3. We had ________ (the feeling of being sorry for someone who is in a bad situation). for those whose
houses were damaged by the floods and donated money to them. （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】sympathy
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和名词。句意：我们对那些房屋被洪水毁坏的人表示同情（对处境不好的人表示
同情），并向他们捐款。短语have sympathy for意为“对……表示同情”，其中名词sympathy 意
为“同情”，在动词have 后作宾语。故填sympathy。
4. ________ (娇弱的) plants need to be kept in a greenhouse during the winter. （根据汉语提示单词拼
写）
【答案】Delicate
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：冬天娇弱的植物需要放在温室里。根据句意和汉语提示可知，应使用
形容词delicate作定语修饰名词plants，意为“娇弱的”，且句首单词首字母大写。故填Delicate。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂5. Under the law, everyone is considered i______ until proved guilty.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】innocent## nnocent
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据法律，每个人在被证明有罪之前都是清白的。根据单词首字母和
句意“清白的”及前文everyone is considered可知，此处应用形容词innocent作主语补语。故填
innocent。
6. They are each recognized specialists in their ______ (各自的) fields. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】respective
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们都是各自领域公认的专家。根据汉语提示“各自的”，以及下文
fields可知此处应填形容词作定语。故填respective。
7. It is in bad times that we value most highly the support and __________(同情) of our friends.
【答案】sympathy
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在逆境中，我们最珍视朋友的支持和同情。根据汉语提示可知，
sympathy同情，不可数名词作动词value的宾语，符合题意。故填sympathy。
8. Her determination, teamwork skills and leadership capabilities convinced us that she was ____(完美的)
for the job. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】perfect
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她的决心、团队合作能力和领导能力使我们相信她是这份工作的完美
人选。根据汉语提示“完美的”可知，此处应用形容词perfect作表语。故填perfect。
9. I was ____(决心) to be a professional dancer, and practised for hours every day. (根据汉语提示单词
拼写)
【答案】determined
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我决心成为一名专业舞者，每天练习几个小时。根据汉语提示可知，
此处使用固定短语：be determined to do sth下定决心做某事，determined时形容词。故填
determined。
10. Not everyone ____(判断) success by the same standards—some people think happiness is more
important than money. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂【答案】judges
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时、主谓一致和动词。句意：不是每个人都用同样的标准来评判成功——一
些人认为幸福比金钱更重要。根据汉语提示“判断”可知，应用动词judge，分析句子结构可知，
该词作谓语。根据“some people think happiness is more important than money”可知，此处应用一般
现在时。主语为第三人称单数。故填judges。
11. If you hurt someone's feelings, you should a____. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】apologise
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和情态动词用法。句意：如果你伤害了别人的感情，你应该道歉。根据“If you
hurt someone's feelings”和首字母a可知，此处应用动词apologise表示“道歉”。在情态动词
should后应用动词原形。故填apologise。
12. The d________(最终期限) for scholarship application is this Friday, so your time is tight. (根据中英
文提示填空）
【答案】deadline
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：申请奖学金的截止日期是这周五，所以你的时间很紧。定冠词the后接
名词形式。根据句中谓语动词is可知，用名词的单数形式。根据中英文提示及句意，故填
deadline。
13. Weather-forecasters have ________(精密的) equipment which helps them predict what the weather
is going to be like. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】delicate
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：天气预报员有精密的设备，可以帮助他们预测天气将会是什么样子。
分析句子成分可知，所设空处作定语，修饰equipment，所以应用形容词，根据汉语提示，“精密
的”可译为delicate，结合句意，故填delicate。
14. Would you please correct the mistakes and ________(修改) the formats if it is convenient for you?
（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】polish
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果方便的话，请您修改这些错误并润色格式。情态动词would后接动
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂词原形。根据汉语提示及句意，故填polish。
15. A month before the ________(比赛), I spent two hours working out a timetable of my practical steps.
（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】contest
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：比赛开始前一个月，我花了两个小时制定自己的时间表。根据汉语提示
“比赛”可知，名词contest“比赛”符合语境，在句中作宾语。故填contest。
16. I had met with him to explain the _____ (格式) of the programme and what we had in mind. (根据汉
语提示单词拼写)
【答案】format
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我和他见面了，向他解释了方案的格式和我们的想法。根据汉语提示
“格式”可知，空格处应用format，意为“格式”，名词词性，句中“the format of the
programme”指“方案的格式”，故format用原形，在句中作宾语。故填format。
17. No professionals may participate in the _____ (业余的) tennis tournament. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】amateur
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：职业选手不得参加业余网球锦标赛。根据汉语提示“业余的”可知，
空格处应用amateur，意为“业余的”，形容词词性，在句中作定语修饰“tennis tournament”。故
填amateur。
18. To my amazement, he was able to _____(背诵) the whole poem from memory. (根据汉语提示单词
拼写)
【答案】recite
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：令我惊奇的是，他竟能凭记忆背诵整首诗。be able to do…“能够
做……”是固定结构，结合中文提示词可判定，应填入动词recite。故填recite。
19. Without doubt, the protection of _____(民间的) culture is of great significance to Chinese cultural
diversity. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】folk
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：毫无疑问，民间文化的保护对中国文化的多样性有着重要的意义。根
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂据句意和汉语提示词可以判定应填入形容词folk修饰culture。故填folk。
20. Can you think of a _____(押韵词) for “beauty”? (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】
rhyme
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你能想出一个和“beauty”押韵的词吗？根据汉语提示“押韵词”可知
应填名词rhyme，作宾语，上文冠词a提示应用单数。故填rhyme。
二、课文改编语法填空：本题共10个小题，每小题2分，共20分。
You are mistaken if you think all Chinese people speak in the same way. Have you ever seen a person from
Shanghai try talking to ___21___ from Guangzhou? It is quite likely ___22___ both of them may feel
puzzled! The Chinese language, ___23___ a whole, uses the same set of characters, but even the same
characters can have ___24___ pronunciations. That is ___25___ it is difficult for people to understand
each other. Luckily, the widespread use of Putonghua in China has made a great contribution ___26___
people’s communication, though people from different areas tend to speak with various accents.
People in Northern Europe are much luckier. Even though people from Sweden, Denmark and Norway
have their own official languages, it is very convenient for them to communicate with one another. Do you
know ___27___? That is because their languages are quite similar, though not ___28___ small
distinctions. Thus, they can communicate easily in their mother tongues.
【答案】
21. someone##somebody##one
22. that 23. as
24. different
25. why 26. to
27. why 28. without
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在中国，尽管使用同样的汉字，但是人们的发音却不尽相同，
因此人们之间用方言的交流会产生障碍。直到有了普通话的普及，人们的沟通才变得顺畅无阻。可
是北欧地区人们的语言基本相似，因此人们都可以用母语沟通。
【21题详解】
考查代词。句意：你见过一个来自上海的人试着和来自广州的人交谈吗？结合语意，空处泛指某个
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂人，可用someone或者somebody，也可使用one表示“一个”。故填someone/somebody/one。
【22题详解】
考查固定句式。句意：他们两人很可能都感到困惑！本句使用it is likely that，为固定句型，表示
“很可能”。故填that。
【23题详解】
考查介词。句意：汉语作为一个整体，使用相同的字符集，但即使是相同的字符也可能有不同的发
音。as a whole为固定短语，表示“总的来说，总体而言”。故填as。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：汉语作为一个整体，使用相同的字符集，但即使是相同的字符也可能有不同的
发音。结合语意，即使是相同的字也可能有不同的发音，空处应用形容词different，表示“不同
的”。故填different。
【25题详解】
考查连词。句意：那就是为什么人们很难相互理解。 结合语意，空处引导表语从句，在从句中做
原因状语，应填why，构成that is why，表示“那就是为什么”。故填why。
【26题详解】
考查介词。句意：幸运的是，普通话在中国的广泛使用为人们的交流做出了巨大贡献，尽管来自不
同地区的人说话往往带有不同的口音。make a contribution to sth.为固定短语，表示“对某事有贡
献”。故填to。
【27题详解】
考查连词。句意：你知道为什么吗？根据下文“that is because”可知，此处询问原因，应用连词
why表示“为什么”。故填why。
【28题详解】
考查介词。句意：那是因为他们的语言非常相似，尽管并非没有细微的区别。结合语意，尽管有细
微的区别，他们的语言还是相似的，not without表示“不是没有”，意为肯定。故填without。
三、阅读理解：本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分。
A篇
Worried about the loss of rainforests and the ozone layer? Well, neither of those is doing any worse
than a large majority of the 6,000 to 7,000 languages that remain in use on Earth. One half of the survivors
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂will almost certainly be gone by 2050, while 40% more will probably be well on their way out. In their
place, almost all humans will speak a small number of languages——Mandarin, English, Spanish.
Linguists(语言学家)know what causes languages to disappear, but what's less often remarked is what
happens on the way to disappearance: languages' vocabularies, grammars and expressive potential all
disappear. "Say a community goes over from speaking a traditional Aboriginal(土著的)language to
speaking a Creole," says Australian Nick Evans, a language experts, "you leave behind a language where
there's very fine vocabulary for the landscape. All of that is gone in a Creole. As speakers become less able
to express the wealth of knowledge that has filled ancestors' lives with meaning over thousands of years, it's
no wonder that communities tend to become weakened."
Due to the huge losses, some linguists struggle against the situation, for example, training many
documentary linguists in language-loss hotspots such as West Africa and South America.
However, not all approaches to the preservation of languages will be particularly helpful. Some
linguists are boasting(自夸)of more and more complicated means of recording languages: digital recording
and storage, the Internet and mobile phone technologies. But these are encouraging the quick style of
recording trip: fly in, switch on digital recorder, fly home, download to hard drive, and store gathered
material for future research. That's not quite what some endangered-language experts have been seeking.
Michael Krauss from the University of Alaska complained openly that linguists are playing with
technology research while most of their raw data is disappearing.
Who is to blame? Linguists who go out into communities to study, document and describe languages,
argue that theoretical linguists, like Noam Chomsky, who draw conclusions about how languages work,
have had so much influence that linguistics has largely ignored the continuing disappearance of languages.
22. Why does the author mention rainforests and the ozone layer in Paragraph 1?
A. To highlight they are of great importance.
B. To show their connection with language loss
C. To indicate anxiety about environmental issues.
D. To introduce the topic concerning language loss.
23. What does Nick Evans say about the effects of language disappearance?
A. People find it hard to describe their culture.
B. Vocabularies have to be changed.
C. People tend to turn to ancestors more
D. Focus is switched on new grammars.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂24. What has Michael Krauss pointed out?
A. Digital age further promotes some endangered languages.
B. An instant approach to language recording may not work.
C. Linguists have made poor use of improvement in technology.
D. Linguists' quick style of recording trip should be encouraged.
25. What can be concluded from the text?
A. By 2050 only 600 to 700 languages will remain.
B. Local languages are preserved perfectly in West Africa.
C. Theoretical linguists may be responsible for the loss of languages.
D. Linguists have come a long way to save endangered languages.
【答案】
22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章描述了地球上的语言不断消失的现象，语言学家们决定挽回这个局
面但效果并不理想的事情。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Worried about the loss of rainforests and the ozone layer (臭氧层)? Well,
neither of those is doing any worse than a large majority of the 6,000 to 7,000 languages that remain in use
on Earth. One half of the survivors will almost certainly be gone by 2050, while 40% more will probably be
well on their way out. ”可知，担心热带雨林和臭氧层的消失？这两个问题都比不上地球上现存的
6000到7000种语言中的大多数。到2050年，一半的留下来的语言几乎肯定会消失，而另外40%
可能即将灭亡。所以作者提及人们关心的雨林和臭氧层问题，是为了让公众意识到语言消失的问题
也同样值得重视。因而是为了介绍有关语言缺失的话题。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“As speakers become less able to express the wealth of knowledge that has
filled ancestors' lives with meaning over thousands of years, it's no wonder that communities tend to
become weakened.”(随着讲这些语言的人越来越不能表达数千年来赋予祖先生活意义的知识，所以
难怪这些群体往往会变得脆弱。)可知，Nick Evans关于说克里奥耳语的人，说到他们不能表达属于
他们文化的想法。故选A。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“ Some linguists are boasting(自夸)of more and more
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂complicated means of recording languages: digital recording and storage, the Internet and mobile phone
technologies.”(一些语言学家正在吹嘘越来越复杂的记录语言的手段: 数字录音和存储，互联网和
移动电话技术。)最后一句“Michael Krauss from the University of Alaska complained openly that
linguists are playing with technology research while most of their raw data is disappearing.”(阿拉斯加大
学的Michael Krauss公开抱怨称，语言学家在玩弄技术研究，而他们的大部分原始数据正在消失。)
可知，Michael Krauss认为语言学家的技术研究对于语言的消失未能起作用，即：即时的语言录音
方法可能不起作用。故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Linguists who go out into communities to study, document and
describe languages, argue that theoretical linguists, like Noam Chomsky, who draw conclusions about how
languages work, have had so much influence that linguistics has largely ignored the continuing
disappearance of languages.”(走进社区去研究、记录和描述语言的语言学家们认为，理论语言学家
们，比如对于语言是如何产生得出结论的Noam Chomsky，已经产生了如此巨大的影响，以至于语
言学在很大程度上忽视了语言的持续消失。)可知，一些语言学家认为理论派的语言学家带来很大
的影响以至于语言学家们忽略了语言在持续地消失。因此或许理论派的语言学家应该为语言的消失
负责。故选C。
B篇
The Internet, search engines, virtual worlds. Have you ever got the feeling that you’re living in a
science fiction?
Well, indeed you are.
For more than a century, inventors have been driven to create what sci-fi writers have imagined long
before. Buck Rogers inspired a generation of scientists excited about space exploration. Ray Bradbury
predicted home-theater systems. William Gibson dreamed up the Internet while writing Neuromancer on a
typewriter. Not long after him, Neal Stephenson predicted virtual worlds in his 1991 novel Snow Crash.
One of his readers was Philip Rosedale, who loved it so much that he wanted to build a virtual world based
on it.
By the late 1990s, technology caught up to the novel, and Rosedale built the virtual world Second Life
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂based on the “Metaverse” from the novel. With 1 million active users, Second Life offers virtual shops,
bars, houses and even virtual television studios with virtual celebrities (名人) on virtual talk shows.
“I think it is pretty much what I imagined,” Stephenson says. “I just shoot for the stars, while he
makes great things happen.”
But Snow Crash is a dark book. The world in the novel is filled with criminals, violence and
environmental problems.
“Science fiction not only puts stars in our hands, it also helps us see the meaning of our work,” Philip
Rosedale admits. “It makes it possible for us to see what all of our efforts could eventually lead to.”
In fact, most science fiction authors admit that their work is usually cautionary (警示性的). “While
the inventors are rushing ahead and excited about this possibility or that possibility, we’re always standing
there warning, ‘Hang on just a second. Let’s think about this a little more’” author William Gibson says.
“But most of them will ignore you because they think they already know all things about any given hot
topic of the day. But if you can convince them that you’re talking about a planet millions of miles away and
hundreds of years in the future or the past, you can actually get them to examine more closely what’s going
on right now.”
26. Who was inspired by Neal Stephenson’s work?
A. Buck Rogers. B. Ray Bradbury.
C. William Gibson. D. Philip Rosedale.
27. What does Neal Stephenson say about Second Life?
A. It is a very violent virtual world.
B. It is not based on his fiction strictly.
C. He is satisfied with the “Metaverse”.
D. More activities should be added to it.
28. What does William Gibson mean in the last paragraph?
A. Sci-fi writers are much wiser than inventors.
B. Most inventors do not respect sci-fi writers.
C. Sci-fi can help inventors to think more carefully.
D. People can easily get excited about the inventions.
29. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Book review. B. Technology.
C. Economy. D. Psychology.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂【答案】
26. D 27. C 28. C 29. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻小说对科技进步的推动及警示作用。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Not long after him, Neal Stephenson predicted virtual worlds in his 1991
novel Snow Crash. One of his readers was Philip Rosedale, who loved it so much that he wanted to build a
virtual world based on it.(不久之后，Neal Stephenson在他1991年的小说《雪灾》中预言了虚拟世界。
Philip Rosedale是他的读者之一，他非常喜欢这款游戏，甚至想以此为基础创建一个虚拟世界。)”
以及第四段内容“By the late 1990s, technology caught up to the novel, and Rosedale built the virtual
world Second Life based on the ‘Metaverse’ from the novel.(到了20世纪90年代末，技术赶上了小说，
Rosedale基于小说中的“元世界”建立了虚拟世界“第二人生”。)”可知，Philip Rosedale受到了
Neal Stephenson小说《雪灾》的影响，建立了虚拟世界“第二人生”。故选D项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段内容“‘I think it is pretty much what I imagined,’ Stephenson says. ‘I just shoot
for the stars, while he makes great things happen.’(“我想这和我想象的差不多，”斯蒂芬森说。“当
他创造伟大的事情时，我只是在做白日梦。”)”可知，Neal Stephenson认为虚拟世界“第二人
生”和他的设想很吻合。故选C项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容William Gibson 的话“While the inventors are rushing ahead and
excited about this possibility or that possibility, we’re always standing there warning…(当发明家们冲在
前面，为这种或那种可能性感到兴奋时，我们总是站在那里警告……)”以及“But if you can
convince them that you’re talking about a planet millions of miles away and hundreds of years in the future
or the past, you can actually get them to examine more closely what’s going on right now.(但如果你能让
他们相信，你谈论的是一颗数百万英里之外、几百年以后或过去的行星，你就能让他们更仔细地观
察目前正在发生的事情。)”可知，科幻作品的作者会对“头脑发热”的发明家警告，能然他们更
仔细地观察正在发生的事情。由此可推知，William Gibson认为科幻作品可以帮助科学家更冷静地
思考。故选C项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章第三段内容“For more than a century, inventors have been
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂driven to create what sci-fi writers have imagined long before.(一个多世纪以来，发明家们一直被驱使
着去创造科幻作家很久以前就想象过的东西。)”提出了文章的核心话题，即，本文重在介绍科幻
小说与科技进步之间的微妙关系，因此最可能出现在“科技”版面。故选B项。
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