文档内容
Section Ⅱ Listening and Speaking &Reading
and Thinking——Language Points
1．basis n．基础；根据；基点→basic adj.基本的；基础的→base n．基础，
基地
2．apologise vi道歉；谢罪→apology n．道歉；认错
3．ignore vi.忽视；对……不予理会 ignorant adj.无知的；不知道的
→ignorance n．无知；愚昧
4．judge vt.&vi.评价；评判；判断 n．法官；审判员；裁判员→judgement
n．判断；审判；判断力
5．narrator n．(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者，讲述者；(电视节目中的)幕后
解说员→narration n．叙述；讲述；解说
6．mining n．采矿；采矿业→mine n．矿；矿业→miner n．矿工
7．patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力→patient adj.忍耐的，有耐心的
→patiently adv.忍耐地；有耐心地
8．indicate vt.&vi.表明；显示 vt.象征；暗示→indication n. 表明，暗示；预
兆；说明
9．odd adj. 奇怪的；怪异的，反常的→oddly 奇怪地，怪异地→oddness 奇
怪；奇妙
1．judge vt.&vi.评价；评判；判断 n．法官；审判员；裁判员
①His father is a fair judge.法官
②They were the judges at the flower show.评判员
③A man should be judged by his deeds，not his words.判断
④He was judged innocent.判决
2．bet n．打赌；赌注
vi.&vt.下赌注；用……打赌 vt.敢说
①He bet $2，000 on the final score of the game. 用 …… 打赌
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂②I bet that you are too late.敢说
③We've got a bet on who's going to arrive first.打赌
3．spot vt.看见；注意到；发现n.地点；处所；斑点；污迹
①The leopard has spots all over its body.斑点
②His jacket was covered with spots of mud.污迹
③He likes to live on the lonely spot in the small island.地点；场所
④I finally spotted my friend in the crowd.发现；注意到
Words And Phrases
知识要点1 apologise/apologize vi.道歉；谢罪
(教材 P )Wang Zheng apologised to Chen because he couldn't offer her more
50
money.王真因为不能给陈更多的钱而向她道歉。
[例1] He apologises to her for not going to her party.
他因没出席她的派对向她表示歉意。
[例2] If you see him，please give my apology for not having written to him.
如果你见到他，请为没有给他写信的事替我向他道歉。
[造句] 我写信为本周末不能和你一起游览北京而道歉。
I'm writing you this letter to apologise to you for my not being able to pay a visit
to Beijing with you next week.
[知识拓展]
(1)apologise to sb.for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
apologise to sb.that... 向某人道歉……
(2)apology n. 道歉
make an apology to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
owe sb.an apology for sth. 因……而应向某人道歉
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①Bill apologised to his friend for having kept her waiting for a long time.
②I made an apology(apologise) to my host and left early.
③ At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up
apologising(apologise)．
[小片段助记]
I think I owe you an apology for the damage I have done to your bicycle，so
now I apologise to you for my bad behavior and I sincerely hope you can accept my
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂apologises and understand my situation.
知识要点2 ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会
(教材P )Also，while listening don't ignore the speakers' tone and intonation—
50
these can be important clues too.
同时，在听的时候不要忽视说话者的语气和语调——这些也是很重要的线
索。
[例1] The driver ignored the traffic lights.
那个司机忽视了红绿灯。
[例2] I can't ignore his rudeness any longer.
我再也不能对他的粗鲁不闻不问了。
[造句] 你没有管上课铃，而是去安静的地方劝你的朋友冷静下来。
You ignored the bell and went to somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.
[知识拓展]
(1)ignorant adj. 无知的；不知道的/没有学识的
be ignorant of/about... 不知道；不了解；无知
(2)ignorance n. 无知；愚昧
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①It's dangerous to ignore (ignore) traffic rules.
②I am quite ignorant of/about what they intend to do.
③ He speaks in a disordered manner ， which betrays his shallowness and
ignorance(ignore)．
(2)完成句子
① He completely ignored all these facts (忽视所有事实)as though they never
existed.
② George ignored his doctor's advice(不理睬医生的劝告) about drinking and
smoking.
③She always feels ignored (总是感到被忽视)by her teachers，which makes her
upset.
④He is ignorant of music(不了解音乐)．
[小片段助记]
He was so ignorant about the question that he completely ignored others opinion
about it.We all feel ashamed of his ignorance.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂知识要点3 in return 作为回报；作为回应
(教材 P )When we help someone ，should we expect to get something in
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return?
当我们帮助某人，我们该期望得到一些东西作为回报吗？
[例1] I don't expect anything in return.
我不指望得到任何回报。
[例 2] He wanted to do something in return for the kindness that she offered
him.
他想做点什么事来酬谢她的好意。
[造句] 你提到作为回报你想教我英语，这正是我所渴望的。
You mentioned that you would like to teach me English in return ， which is
exactly that I am dying for .
[知识拓展]
in return for... 作为……的交换；作为……的报答
in turn 轮流；依次；反过来
by turns 轮流；时而……时而……
on/upon one's return 一回来(就……)
a return ticket 往返票
return to... 回到……
return sth.to sb. 把某物归还某人
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
① I wish I could do something in return for the kindness I have received from
him.
②The people begged to be allowed to return to their home village.
(2)完成句子
①英语老师让我们轮流背诵课文。
Our English teacher asked us to recite the text in turn .
②她给了我们食物和衣服，没有要求任何回报。
She gave us food and clothing and asked for nothing in return ．
③理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice ．
知识要点4 judge vt.&vi.判断；评判；评价
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂n．法官；裁判员；评判员；鉴定人；审判员
(教材P )Should we judge people based on how much money they have?
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我们该根据人们拥有的钱的多少来评价他们吗？
[例 1] Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed
that it was the best one this year.
五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的。
[例2] If he had played a part in the film，he would have been judged to be the
best actor this year.
如果他当时出演了那部电影的话，他就会被评为今年的最佳男演员了。
[造句] 从上面的故事判断，我们可以得出这样的结论：我们不要以貌取人。
Judging from the above story ， we can draw the conclusion that we don't judge a
book by/from its cover .
[知识拓展]
(1)judge ...from/by... 从……来判断
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为
(2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断
(3)judgement n. 判断；审判；判断力
[提示] judging from/by... 置于句首作状语。v.ing形式不受主语的限制，构
成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking“一般来说”，
frankly speaking“坦白地说”，considering...“考虑到……”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Never judge a book by/from its cover.
② Judging(judge) from what he said，he was confident to win the first prize in
the Chinese Character Dictation Contest(汉字听写大赛)．
③ It was due to luck rather than judgement(judge) that the driver succeeded in
avoiding the accident.
[小片段助记]
There are five judges in the speech contest.As far as I can judge，it is wrong to
judge the competitors only by their appearance.I think we should believe the
judgement they make. However，judging from the reports，the result of it has been
unclear.
知识要点5 scene n．(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂(教材P )ACT 1，SCENE 3第一幕，第3场
52
[例1] He is good at drawing a peaceful country scene.他擅长画宁静的乡村景
色。
[例2] The burning building was a scene of panic as everyone ran to get out.
人们从起火的大楼逃出来时，一片慌乱的景象。
[例3] Our reporter was the first person to arrive the scene.
我们的记者是第一个到达出事地点的。
[造句] 那些默默无闻地为实现这项计划而工作的人们才是真正的英雄。
Those who worked behind the scenes are the real heroes of this project .
[知识拓展]
on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上
behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中
come on the scene 出场；登场
[明辨异同]
scene/scenery/sight/view
scene 指某一处的自然风光。
scenery (总称)自然景物，天然风光，是由多个scenes构成的自然风景。
景象，风景，名胜，侧重值得看的事物或很难看的东西和很可笑
sight
的事物；视力，眼界。
景色，风景，侧重从人所处的角度(从远处或高处)所看到的景
view
色。
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①Nine people died on the scene and one more person died in hospital in the car
crash.
②Such decisions are made behind the scenes，without public knowledge.
③On receiving the call，the police rushed to the scene，where a traffic accident
happened.
(2)用scene，sight，view，scenery的适当形式填空
①Guilin is famous for its beautiful scenery．
②The scene is a perfect dream when you see the sun rising slowly in the east.
③You can get a wonderful v iew at the top of the tower.
④The flowers are a lovely sight in spring.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂知识要点6 by accident 偶然地；意外地
(教材P )As a matter of fact，I landed in Britain by accident.事实上，我在英
52
国上岸是偶然的。
[例1] The man spotted a police car behind him by accident.
这个男人无意中发现有辆警车在他后面。
[例2] She didn't turn up on time，perhaps by accident.
她没按时出现，或许是无意的吧。
[造句] 那个当场被抓的人完全是碰巧在那儿。
The man who was caught on the scene was there purely by accident .
[知识拓展]
by chance 偶然；意外
on purpose(＝by design) 故意地
It is no accident that... ……不是偶然的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Success in life doesn't happen by accident.It's the result of devoting your time
and energy to what you've set out to do.
②You make it sound as if I did it on purpose.
知识要点7 spot vt.发现；认出；点缀；看见；注意到 n．斑点；污迹；处
所；地点
(教材P )The next morning I was spotted by a ship.
52
第二天早上，一艘轮船发现了我。
[例1] I played jokes on you just now.I spotted you in the crowd the moment I
saw you.
我刚才是跟你开玩笑的。我一眼就从人群里认出了你。
[例2] I spotted her sitting in the corner，sighing.
我发现她坐在角落里叹气。
[造句] 当那个人试图闯入银行时，他被警察当场抓获了。
When the man was trying to break into the bank ， he was caught by the police on
the spot/scene .
[知识拓展]
spot sb.doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with 散布；点缀
on the spot/scene 当场；在现场
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂[提示] spot作“地点”讲，用作定语从句的先行词时，从句如果缺少状语则
用where引导定语从句，从句如果缺少主语或宾语则用that/which引导定语从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
① I was waiting for my friend when I suddenly spotted a man not far from me
staring(stare) at me.
②More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.
③He was dressed in a coat，which was spotted (spot) with stars.
知识要点8 patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力
(教材P )Patience.耐心点。
52
[例1] The businessman answered all my questions with patience.
这名企业家耐心地回答了我所有的问题。
[例 2] The young people upstairs often scream with laugher at midnight.I'm
beginning to lose patience with them.
楼上的年轻人经常半夜尖声大笑，我开始对他们失去耐心了。
[造句] 她不能容忍通过节食来减肥。
She has no patience with losing weight through dieting.
[知识拓展]
(1)out of patience/with patience 没有耐心/耐心地
have little/no patience with sb. 对某人几乎没/没耐心
lose/run out of patience with sb. 对某人失去耐心
beyond one's patience 无法忍受
(2)patient adj. 耐心的
n. 病人
be patient with... 对……有耐心
(3)patiently adv. 耐心地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
① Whenever I made mistakes ， the teacher pointed them out with
patience(patient)．
②You ought to have patience(patient) when others consult you.
③He is just a small child，so you must be patient with him.
[小片段助记]
The nurse is very patient with her patients.Whenever they have any trouble，
she will take care of them with patience.She always says “Treating them patiently
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂makes her calm and safe”．
知识要点9 be about to do sth.即将或正要(做某事)
(教材P )Yes，I was about to go get the letter.
52
是的，我正想去拿信。
[例1] I was about to set off when she dropped in.
我刚要动身，这时她来访了。
[例2] I was about to leave the office when the bell rang.
我刚要离开办公室，电话就响了。
[造句] 今天早上我刚要去上学，我叔叔来了。
I was about to go to school when my uncle came this morning .
[知识拓展]
be about to do sth. 正要做……这时(突然)……
be doing... when... 正在做……这时突然……
be on the point of doing... when...
正要做……这时(突然)……
had just done...when... 刚做完……这时(突然)……
[即学即练] 完成句子
①约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。
John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
②我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
＝I was on the point of giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
③他们刚走了三英里，突然意识到他们的身份证忘在家里了。
They had just covered three miles when they realized they had left their IDs at
home.
知识要点10 postpone vt.延迟；延期；延缓
(教材P )...but he had to postpone opening it until 2 o'clock.
53
……但是他不得不延迟到两点才能打开它。
[例 1] The game was postponed again，which made the students unhappy.比
赛又延期了，这使学生们不高兴。
[例2] It was an unpopular decision to postpone building the new hospital.延迟
兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。
[造句] 昨天你不应该延迟交作业。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂You shouldn't have postponed handing in your hom ework yesterday .
[知识拓展]
(1)postpone doing... 推迟做……
postpone...to/until... 延迟……到……
(2)postponement n. 延期；延迟
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Let's postpone making(make) a decision until we have more information.
② The summer sports meeting in our school has been postponed (postpone) for
several days due to the heavy rain.
③Riots(骚乱) led to the postponement(postpone) of local election.Sentence
Patterns
重点句式1 find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材 P )...and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong
52
wind.
……傍晚时分我发现我被一阵大风刮到海上去了。
句式分析：find在句中接复合宾语，宾语是myself，宾语补足语是 carried
out to sea by a strong wind。宾语补足语和宾语之间构成被动关系。
[例1] When she came to life，she found herself surrounded by many people.
当她醒过来时，发现自己被好多人围着。
[例2] I find my knowledge of the project limited.
我发现自己对这一项目的了解有限。
[造句] 甚至最好的作家有时也会发现自己表达不出来。
Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for word .
[知识拓展]
find＋宾语＋宾补，宾补除了用过去分词充当外，还有以下几种形式：
find＋宾语＋
[即学即练] 完成句子
①我们回到家时发现所有的灯都亮着。
When we got home，we found all the lights on ．
②她发现杰克是个幽默的人。
She found Jack a humorous ma n ．
③他发现他的父亲负债累累。
He found his father in heavy debt ．
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂④她转过身，发现一个男人在盯着她看。
She turned around and found a man staring at her ．
⑤我们四处漫步后发现自己不知不觉回到了饭店。
After wandering around，we found ourselves back at the hotel.
重点句式2 It is/was...that...强调句型
(教材P )And it was the ship that brought you to England.
52
正是那艘船把你带到了英国。
句式分析：强调句式：“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部分”。本句
是对句子的主语the ship进行的强调
[例1] Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination
as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.进一步阅读使我意识到，
是苦干、决心和她善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。
[例2] You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up
tourists.
你等错地方了。长途客车是在旅店接送游客的。
[造句] 正是当我们回家的时候，我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时的感觉是
多么令人愉快。
It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to
have helped someone in trouble .
[知识拓展]
It is/was...that...强调句型
(1)基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分(若被强调的部
分是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一般用that)
(2)强调句的一般疑问句句型：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句句型：疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who...
(4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的句型：It is/was not
until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
② It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new
neighbours.
③It was not until two years ago that I began to learn English.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂④I wonder what it is that upsets my little sister so badly.I think she really needs
my comfort this time.
(2)完成句子
①汤姆昨天是在哪里丢了他的手表？
Where was it that Tom lost his watch yesterday?
②贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。
It was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his
assistant Watson.
重点句式3 That's why...句式
(教材P )That's why we've given you the letter.
52
这正是我们给你这封信的原因。
句式分析：That is why...句式中why引导一个表语从句。
[例1] That's why he was late for class.
这正是他上课迟到的原因。
[例2] That's why I told you a lie.
这正是我向你撒谎的原因。
[造句] 那就是为什么英语中有那么多困难的令人困惑的规则。
That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
[知识拓展]
This/That is why...
这/那就是为什么……，这/那就是……的原因
This/That is because... 这/那是因为……
The reason why ... is that... ……的原因是……
[提示] 表语从句中的why，because以及that可根据“直译法”去判断，也就
是语境当中翻译成“是因为……”就用because，翻译成“那就是为什么……”就用
why，而如果翻译成“是……”，在表语从句中多用that。
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①The real reason why prices were，and still are，too high is complex，and no
short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
② Seen from space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventyone
percent of its surface is covered by water.
③ Less is more.This is why we say：reduce things by half instead of doubling
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂them.
(2)完成句子
①他未经允许就离开了工作岗位，这就是我生他的气的原因。
He went away from his post without permission and this was why I was angry
with him ．
②那是因为有那么多事情都依赖着他们。
That is because so many things depend on them.
③他没来是因为他病了。
The reason why he didn't come was that he was ill.
1．May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are?
[分析] 本句为复合句，what you are doing...和what your plans are是两个并
列句， 作ask的宾语。
[译文] 可不可以问问，你在这个国家要干点儿什么？你的计划又是什么呢？
2．If this is your idea of some kind of joke，I don't think it's very funny.
[分析] 本句为复合句，if 引导条件状语从句。在主句中又有宾语从句it's
very funny，且don't think为否定前置。
[译文] 如果你们认为这是一个笑话，我可不觉得很好笑。
3．Well，why don't you explain what this is all about?
[分析] 本句为复合句，why 引导特殊疑问句。what 引导一个从句作
explain的宾语。
[译文] 嗯，怎么不给我讲讲，这究竟是怎么回事呢？
教材 高考
1.Should we judge people based on (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You also need to judge
how much money they have？ the quality and depth of your motivation.
(2019·浙江卷)The video clip(片段)
2. ...towards night I found myself
shows one man who had found a $20
carried out to sea by a strong wind.
bill pinning it to the board.
3....but he had to postpone opening (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)postpone his
it until two o'clock appointment
4.And it was the ship that brought (2019·浙江卷)It is you who/that taught
you to England. me how to learn English well.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂5.Wang Zheng apologised to Chen
(2017·天津卷)Respond quickly and
because he couldn't offer her more
briefly，apologizing for your mistake.
money.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据所给汉语提示或首字母提示写出下列单词
1．As is known teaching is a job requires both skills and patience(耐心)．
2．This play is divided into three acts，and each act has three scenes(场)．
3．He is so tall that he can be easily spotted in the crowd.
4．Tom made a bet on the match with his father.
5．The couple took out a large loan(贷款) to cure their son.
6．Now many supermarket are forbidden to use the plastic(塑料) bags.
7．We can't afford to ignore(忽视) their advice.
8．Judging from his accent，I know he's from Shandong Province.
9．The bell indicated the end of the class，so everyone rushed out of the
classroom.
10．The flight has been postponed due to the bad weather.
Ⅱ.短语填空
on the basis of；take out a loan；in return；make a bet；as a matter of fact；by
accident；to be honest；ought to；be about to do sth.；judge...by
1．It's wrong of you to judge a book by its cover.
2．He was about to give up himself when he was saved by the police man.
3．Do you think happy life must be on the basis of money?
4．Mrs Smith spent all her savings and took out a loan to buy the house for her
son.
5．The women gave Tom $100 in return for his saving her son's life in the
accident.
6．Can you make a bet on the game with me?
7．I met my old friend by accident on the street yesterday when I was walking.
8．As a matter of fact，Henry was carried out to sea by a strong wind.
9．To be honest，I was surprised he knew where I was.
10．He reminded me that I ought to do it at once.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂The story was set in London.Henry，1.an American，was rescued in the sea 2.by
accident.He was walking in London streets ，3.hungry(hunger)．Then he 4.was
spotted (spot) by two rich brothers，5.who invited him to step into their house.The
two brothers，6.have made(make) a bet on him，one of the brothers believes that
7.with a millionpound bank note a man could live a month in London 8.while the
other doubts it，so they gave him a letter and asked him 9.to promise(promise) not to
open it until 2 o'clock，but they don't tell him the reason 10.why he can't open it at
once.
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