文档内容
Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking &Reading
for Writing
阅读Reading 2 中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Why are some people against space exploration according to the passage？
Because they think ．
A．it cost too much time and money
B．it might feed the world's poor
C．it may result in pollution and fatal diseases
D．it fails to realise the importance of space exploration
2．Which of the following is NOT the benefit of exploring space?
A．Fighting against world hunger.
B．Helping farming to grow more food.
C．Changing the data on land and weather patterns.
D．Promoting technological improvements around the world.
3．What did the picture of Earth from space make people realise?
A．We are living on a island.
B．Our earth's resources are limited.
C．We can find ways in the black sea.
D．Mars is the best planet to live on.
[答案] 1－3 ACB
Words And Phrases
知识要点1 lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏
(教材 P )Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the
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lack of gravity，so they need to exercise every day，which will help them stay
healthy.
在太空中由于缺乏引力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得很弱，因此他们
需要每天进行锻炼，这有助于他们保持健康。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂[例1] She showed a lack of humour.她缺乏幽默感。
[例2] The crops all died for lack of water.
庄稼因为缺水都死了。
[例3] He didn't go there because he lacked courage.
他没去那里，因为他缺乏勇气。
[造句] 他们缺乏身体锻炼，也没有面对面与朋友交际的能力。
They lack physical exercise and the skill to communicate with their friends face
to face.
[知识拓展]
(1)lack sth. 缺少某物
(2)a lack of... ……的缺乏
for lack of... 因缺乏……
have no lack of... 不缺乏……
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺乏；缺少
[提示] lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾
语(不用被动语态)，也可用作不及物动词；形容词lacking常与in连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
① More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of
space.
②Though lacking(lack) money，he sent his son to college.
知识要点2 argue vi.&vt.论证；争辩；争论
(教材 P )Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money
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exploring space.
有些人主张我们应该停止浪费时间和钱财来探索太空。
[例1] She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used
for entertainment or advertisements.
她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。
[例2] He argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday.
他和玛丽为最好的度假地点而争吵。
[例3] The workers argued for their right to strike.
工人们为他们罢工的权力而辩护。
[造句] 我主张我们人人都应该尽力帮助需要帮助的人。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂I argue that every one of us (should) try our best to help those in need.
[知识拓展]
(1)argue for... 为……而争论；为……而辩护
argue against 争辩(反对……)
argue that...(should) do sth. 主张……
argue with sb.on/about/over sth. 与某人争辩某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n. 争论；争辩；论点
[拓展延伸]
表示“说服……做……”的其他表达：
①persuade sb.to do sth.
②persuade sb.into doing sth.
③convince sb.to do sth.
④talk sb.into doing sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①How I regretted arguing with her about the important question, which made us
all unhappy.
②We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice, but in vain.
③It is beyond argument(argue) that Diaoyu Islands belong to China.
知识要点3 result in导致；造成
(教材P )It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.
44
它已经直接制造了很多现在绕地球运行的卫星。
[例 1] They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that
has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
他们还赞同正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
[例 2] It had rained heavily for weeks，which resulted in severe flood in this
area.
大雨已下了几周，造成了这个地区的严重水灾。
[造句] 她努力的结果是成功了，而她弟弟的失败源自他的懒惰。
Her ef forts resulted in her success while her brother's failure resulted from his
laziness.
[知识拓展]
(1)result in为及物动词短语，表示“导致”的意思，其同义词有cause(引起)，
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂bring about(引起；导致；致使)；lead to(导致)；contribute to(有助于；向……投
稿)等。
(2)result from 由……产生
as a result of 由于……的原因
as a result 结果
without result 毫无结果
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①As we all know，his hard work resulted in his success.
②As we all know，his success resulted from his hard work.
(2)完成句子
①由于辛勤的工作，她成功了。
She succeeded as a result of her hard work.
②他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
He made a big mistake，and as a result ，he lost his job.
知识要点4 run out用完；耗尽
(教材P )It is necessary to find a new home for people in space，as the resources
45
on Earth will run out.
在太空中找到新家园对人类来说是很有必要的，因为地球的资源会耗尽。
[例1] Food supplies had run out towards the end of the trip.
在旅行快结束时，食物已经吃完了。
[例2] Our time is running out.
我们的时间快没了。
[造句] 汽油用光了，汽车动不了了。
The petrol has run out ； the car can't move .
[知识拓展]
(1)run out of 用完；用光；用尽
give out 耗尽；筋疲力尽
use up 用完；耗尽
(2)run for 竞选；匆匆去取
run across 偶然遇到
run into 撞上；遇到；邂逅
run through 浏览；跑着穿过
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂[明辨异同]
run out of/run out/give out/use up
是及物动词短语，通常以人作主语，相当于use up，表示“用
run out of
完；用尽”
run out 是不及物动词短语，通常以物作主语，相当于give out
可表示物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”；还表示“发出；分发；宣布”
give out
等
use up 是及物动词短语，表示“用完；用尽”，相当于run out of
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
① Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out ． We must act
immediately before there's none left.
②The taxi ran into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.
③She ran across an old friend of hers on the way to the station.
[小片段助记]
Worse luck！First, food and drinking water had been used up before we reached
the destination.Then, my husband was speeding up the car when it suddenly broke
down. It turned out that the gas had run out.So we had to walk ahead along the road
until my strength give out.We finally made our way to a small hotel but to our
despair, we found we had used up/run out of our money.
知识要点5 attach vt.系；绑；贴
(教材 P )While sleeping，they must attach themselves to something so as to
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prevent floating around.
在睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己系在某个东西上以防止到处飘浮。
[例1] Please attach labels to the luggage.
请把行李贴上标签。
[例2] That middle school is attached to a university.
这所中学附属于一所大学。
[ 例 3] In the new century ， we still should attach importance to the
development of economy.
在新世纪，我们仍然要重视经济发展。
[造句] 很多青少年认为手机要比朋友重要得多。
Many teenagers attach much more importance to their phones than to their
friends.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂[知识拓展]
(1)attach...to... 把……固定/附在……上
attach great importance/significance to sth.
认为……非常/很有意义
(2)attached adj. 依恋；附属于
be attached to 附属于；依恋
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My parents always attach importance to my getting a good education.
② This hospital attached(attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in
the flood.
③This hospital is attached (attach) to the medical college nearby.
记叙文之时间顺序——情节线是关键
以时间为顺序的记叙文是高考试题中较为简单的一种文体。在该类文体中
往往含有两条重要线索：一个是时间的先后关联；另一个是在时间变化中的情
节变化。高考试题往往以这些情节变化作为命题点。因此，在解答此类文体时
要注意时间线是理解文章的助手，而情节线是解题的关键。
[高考典例]2017·浙江卷·A篇(节选)
[时间线→读文助手] [情节线→解题关键]
开端： [1]Benjamin West ， the father of American 情节1：初见端倪
时间1 painting，showed his talent for art when he was 本杰明在 6 岁时就展
↓ only six years of age ．But he did not know about 现出艺术天赋:用猫毛
brushes before a visitor told him he needed 自制画笔作画。
one.In those days ， a brush was made from
camel's hair.There were no camels
nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would
work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat
to make a brush ．
承接： [2]The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin 情节2：新荷初见
时间2 needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to 本段承接上文，讲述
↓ look ragged(蓬乱)．His father said that the cat 了本杰明用猫毛制作
must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what 画笔的事被父亲发
he had been doing. 现。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂发展： [3] The cat's lot was about to improve. That 情节3——艺术启蒙
时间3 year ， one of Benjamin's cousins ， 本杰明的天赋引起了
↓ Mr.Pennington，came to visit. He was impressed 堂兄 Mr.Pennington 的
with Benjamin's drawings. When he went 注意，并得到帮助。
home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some (可解第22题)
brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画)by an
artist.These were the first pictures and first real
paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
发展： [4]In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years 情节4——技艺提高
时间4 old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He 本杰明 9 岁时被堂兄
↓ was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his Mr.Pennington 带到了
gift.He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take 费城。
the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
高潮： [5]In the city ， Mr.Pennington gave 情节5——技惊名人
地点转 Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The 在费城，本杰明开始
换 boy began a landscape( 风 景 )painting.William 叩响艺术殿堂的大
↓ Williams，a wellknown painter，came to see 门，并立志成为艺术
结局 him work. Williams was impressed with 家。
Benjamin and gave him two classic books on (可解第23、24题)
painting to take home.The books were long and
dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having
been a poor student.But he later said，“Those
two books were my companions by day，and
under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that
he understood very little of the books，they were
his introduction to classical paintings. The nine -
year old boy decided then that he would be an
artist.
[定区间·细比对]
22．What does the underlined sentence suggest?
A．The cat would be closely watched.
B．The cat would get some medical care.
C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
23．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin ？
A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B．He provided him with painting materials.
C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D．He taught him how to make engravings.
24．Williams' helped Benjamin to ．
A．master the use of paints
B．appreciate landscape paintings
C．get to know other painters
D．make up his mind to be a painter
[答案] 22－24 DBD
22．由题眼――→第3段，由“情节1＋情节3”得出答案。
23．由题眼――→第5段，由“情节5”并结合此段首句得出答案。
24．由题眼――→第5段，由“情节5”并结合结局可推知答案。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂
