文档内容
【暑假辅导班】
新高二英语暑假精品课程（人教版）
第4讲 省略句
一、“省略”的定义
在用英语表达时, 将句子中的某些成分省去, 这种语言现象叫做省略。
*Amy took out a book and (Amy) handed it to me.
艾米拿出一本书给了我。
该句中and后的主语Amy与句首的主语是重复的, 故将后面的主语省略。
二、“省略”的原因
1. 避免重复
当句子有重复的词或结构复杂时, 可省略某些重复的词或不必要的部分。如:
*(Does) Anyone want a drink? 有人想要喝一杯吗?
*I’m studying at high school and my sister (is studying) in primary school. 我在上高中, 我妹妹在上小学。
2. 简洁实用
*(I’m) Coming. (我)来啦。
*(It) Doesn’t matter. (它)不要紧。
3. 句法允许
*He got up at six (o’clock). 他六点(钟)起床。
*This dictionary costs seven (dollars) thirty (cents).
这本词典的费用是7美元30美分。
*What a hot day (it is)! 多热的天呀!
三、“省略”的用法
Ⅰ. 简单句中的省略
省略部分 用法说明
主语 在祈使句中和不易引起歧义时省略
在口语对话中双方都知道宾语是谁时, 省略该宾语; 并列谓语后有多个相同宾语时,
宾语
只保留最后一个宾语
表语 后文有与前文完全相同的表语时省略
(部分)谓语 后文有与前文完全相同的谓语时省略; 不影响句意的部分谓语也可以省略
主谓结构或
不影响句意的主谓结构或者对话中与前文重复的谓语及其他部分可以省略
谓语及其他
动词不定式 某些特定动词后有带to的动词不定式时省略其中的动词或整个动词不定式其他部分 冠词、介词、连词或名词所有格后的名词等不影响句意的部分可省略
1. 省略主语
*(You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。
*(I)Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助
2. 省略宾语
*—Do you know Mr Li? 你认识李先生吗?
—I don’t know (him). 我不认识他。
*She washed(the shirt), ironed(the shirt), and folded the shirt.
她洗了衬衫, 并且把它熨好、折叠好。
3. 省略表语
*—Are you thirsty? 你渴吗?
—Yes, I am(thirsty). 是的, 我渴了。
4. 省略(部分)谓语
*(Is) Anything wrong? 有什么问题吗?
5. 省略主谓结构或谓语及其他
*—What did he say? 他说了什么?
—(He said) Nothing. (他)没(说)什么。
*(Are you)Swimming in the sea?
(你)在海里游泳吗?
*—I won’t join them. 我不和他们一起。
—Why (will you not join them)?
为什么(你不和他们一起)?
6. 动词不定式
*—Are you going there? 你打算去那里吗?
—Yes, I’d like to (go there). 是的, 我想(去那里)。
*I saw her enter the classroom. 我看见她进了教室。
注：在感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词常省略to, 但是在被动语态中, to要带上。
7. 其他部分
*The noun is the name of a person or (a) thing.
名词是人和物的名称。
*I’ll arrive (on) Friday. 我将星期五到。
*The book is Tom’s (book). 这本书是汤姆的(书)。Ⅱ. 复合句中的省略
句式 用法说明
并列句 后一分句中与前一分句中的相同部分, 若不影响句意, 则可以省略
名词性从句 宾语从句中的that无特殊情况时, 一般可以省略that
定语从句 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语且前面无介词时, 可以省略关系代词
(1)状语从句的主语和主句的主语相同, 且从句后有系动词be的某种形式时, 从句的主语和
状语从句 系动词可以同时省略
(2)从句与主句中相同部分也可以省略
谚语警句 在某些谚语中, 可省略主句和从句的不影响句意的部分
*Some of us study Japanese and others (study) English.
我们有些人学习日语; 其他人学习英语。
*I know (that)she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.
我知道她是一个老师, 也是一个优秀的作家。
*The man (whom)you saw yesterday fell ill.
你昨天见到的那个人生病了。
*While(I was)walking along the street, I heard my name called.
当我正沿街而行时, 我听到有人叫我的名字。
*The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
越早越好。
复习演练
I. 用省略句式完成句子
1. They didn’t like it, yet .
他们并不喜欢它, 可是什么也没说。
2. We are delighted .
你能来我们很高兴。
3. some more pie?
有谁想再吃点馅饼吗?
4. I hope to finish my job and .
我希望做完工作回家。
5. There is nothing to do but .
除了服从命令之外, 别无他法。
6. it will rain. 看起来像要下雨。
7. The river was deep and .河很深, 冰很薄。
8. I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t . 我请他去看电影, 但他不想去。
9. , you should speak English as much as you can. 在任何可能的时间, 你都应多讲英语。
10. James enjoys the theatre more than .
詹姆斯比苏珊更喜欢戏剧。
IⅠ. 阅读理解
Van Gogh painted sunflowers for the first time in the summer of 1886. Two years later, his interest appeared
again after he settled in Arles. After he had invited the French artist Paul Gauguin, whom he admired, to join his
Studio of the South, he began painting sunflowers to brighten up the whitewashed walls of the yellow house he
was living in, not far from the town’s railway station.
Gauguin accepted Van Gogh’s invitation. When he began dragging his heels(脚后跟), Van Gogh painted the
last two of the four original Sunflowers for the modest bedroom where his guest would sleep following his arrival
that autumn, “Van Gogh saw the Sunflowers for Gauguin’s bedroom as a way of attracting his friend to come from
Brittany, ” says Bailey.
According to Martin Gayford, “Gauguin was very surprised by the Sunflowers, which he repeatedly praised
and asked for as a gift. Years later, Gauguin himself painted some sunflower pictures. ”
Van Gogh’s Sunflowers paintings stand for (代表)his relationship with Gauguin. “I think he painted them for
the joy of it, ” says Jansen. “Van Gogh was at the height of his powers in the summer of 1888, ”explains Bailey.
“He painted the Sunflowers quickly and with great energy and confidence. ” Van Gogh wrote to his brother Theo in
late August, “I’m painting quickly now, which won’t surprise you when it’s a question of painting large
Sunflowers. ”
Van Gogh recognized at once that he had created something important and that his sunflowers were so
different. As he told Theo in January 1889, while other artists were known for painting other flowers, “The
sunflower is mine. ” This, in fact, explains the reason for the popularity of Van Gogh’s Sunflowers today.
1. Van Gogh painted sunflowers in 1888 in order to .
A. give them to Gauguin
B. make his living
C. decorate his house
D. show his artistic talent to others
2. Where were the last two Sunflowers placed by Van Gogh?
A. In the British museum.B. In Gauguin’s bedroom.
C. In the town’s railway station.
D. In a rich businessman’s house.
3. How did Gauguin feel about Van Gogh’s painting—the Sunflowers?
A. Very bad. B. Just so-so.
C. Rather worried. D. Quite surprised.
4. From the last two paragraphs we can learn that .
A. Van Gogh was not good at painting large Sunflowers
B. Van Gogh had much trouble in painting the Sunflowers
C. Van Gogh didn’t like his Sunflowers at all at that time
D. Van Gogh realized the Sunflowers would make him known
IⅡ. 语法填空
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s almost a common belief that the best food you can find in a place is not in the fancy restaurants, 1.
in the backstreets. These spots are usually away from popular tourist 2. (attract), which means that to
find them you’ll need the spirit of an explorer.
That’s 3. I came across roujiamo when I was exploring Beijing. I found 4.
restaurant that sold dishes from Xi’an when I explored the area around my office one day. I decided to try it out.
My roujiamo 5. (make) fresh, so the bread was still warm. It was soft when I 6.
(bite) into it, and the meat inside was delicious and tender. In fact, I enjoyed it so much that I ordered more to take
home with me. Though it’s just a snack, it’s still quite filling and can 7. (easy) satisfy your appetite.
There are a variety of things you can put inside the “mo”, as the bread is called. For example, in certain areas
in Xi’an, the meat 8. (use) is usually beef, but in Gansu Province, lamb is more common. And the first
roujiamo that I tried was made 9. pork. However it’s made, it’s still a tasty snack. And for an
American like me who grew up 10. (eat) hamburgers, it’s a perfect combination of East and West.
IV. 完形填空
I remember when I was young, people often asked me, “What are you going to be when you grow up? ”
It 1 being a cowboy or some super hero. Later it was a fireman, a policeman, a lawyer. As I grew
older, my dreams for the future 2 . When I was in college, I set my heart on becoming 3 like my father.
4 I studied and prepared for that. I reached the 5 in the end and I was teaching
6 full-time for much of my adult life.However, there is a “thief” that goes around stealing our 7 . Sometimes, the thief will come as a parent,
or a friend, but the 8 thief is usually
9 .
We find ourselves just about reaching the top, and a “small” 1 0 inside says, “You’ll never make 1 1 .
” “You 12 possibly do this. ” On and on the “small” voice predicts our failure. Failure, 13 is one of the
most important tools we have may teach us valuable 14 . When we learn these lessons well, we are ready
15 success.
I always tell my children that you are 16 to do anything that your heart desires. Remember the saying,
“Nothing is 17 for a willing heart. ” There are 18 “overnight” successes, but with determination, they
will come. Imagine 19 a life you dream of. Then in your heart, believe it will happen to you. Then work,
work, work. You’ll get the picture.
So, be true to your dream, and don’t let anyone 2 0 it from you—especially yourself.
1. A. insisted on B. kept on
C. felt like D. started out
2. A. changed B. planned C. failed D. left
3.A.a doctor B. an engineer
C. a musician D. a teacher
4. A. But B. Or C. So D. As
5. A. aim B. agreement
C. decision D. position
6. A. hardly B. nearly
C. slightly D. extremely
7. A. money B. plan C. dreams D. friends
8. A. greatest B. poorest C. tallest D. oldest
9. A. themselves B. ourselves
C. yourselves D. itself
10. A. sound B. noise C. speech D. voice
11. A. it B. her C. him D. me
12. A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t
13. A. where B. who C. when D. which
14. A. stages B. lessonsC. suggestions D. choices
15. A. to B. for C. atD. with
A. able B. ready
C. likely D. necessary
17. A. interesting B. important
C. impossible D. necessary
18. A. many B. some C. different D. no
19. A. spending B. planning
C. living D. changing
20. A. buy B. fool C. steal D. borrow
参考答案
I. 1. They didn’t like it, yet (they) said nothing.
2. We are delighted (that) you can come.
3. (Does) Anyone want some more pie?
4. I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home.
5. There is nothing to do but (to) obey the orders.
6. (It) Looks as if it will rain. 看起来像要下雨。
7. The river was deep and the ice (was) thin.
8. I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to (see the film).
9. Whenever (it is) possible, you should speak English as much as you can.
10. James enjoys the theatre more than Susan (does).
IⅠ.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 叙述了梵高的绘画作品《向日葵》的创作背景。
1.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“he began painting sunflowers to brighten up the whitewashed
walls of the yellow house he was living in”可知, 他画向日葵是为他所居住的黄色房屋的用白涂料粉刷的墙壁
增添色彩。因此梵高1888年画向日葵是为了装饰他的房子。
2.【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Gauguin accepted Van Gogh’s invitation. . . Van Gogh
painted the last two of the four original Sunflowers for the modest bedroom where his guest would sleep following
his arrival that autumn”可知, 梵高把最后两幅《向日葵》画作放在了Gauguin的卧室里。
3.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to Martin Gayford, ‘Gauguin was very surprised
by the Sunflowers, which he repeatedly praised and asked for as a gift. ’”可知, 据Martin Gayford说, Gauguin对
《向日葵》感到非常惊讶, 他一再赞美并索要其作为礼物。4.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Van Gogh recognized at once that he had created something
important and that his sunflowers were so different. ”和“This, in fact, explains the reason for the popularity of
Van Gogh’s Sunflowers today. ”可知, 梵高意识到自己创造了一些重要的东西, 而他的向日葵是如此不同。这
解释了梵高的《向日葵》今天流行的原因。因此“梵高意识到《向日葵》会让他出名”符合题意。
IⅡ. 【文章大意】本文为记叙文。文章记述了作者探索北京时, 发现肉夹馍这一美味的食品。
1. 【解析】but。考查连词。句意: 要想吃到当地美味, 高级饭店里可没有, 要到偏僻的小巷里去找。两句之
间应该是转折关系, 所以用but来引导, 故填but。
2. 【解析】attractions。考查名词。句意: 这些地方通常远离流行的旅游景点。tourist attractions意为“旅游
景点”。故填attractions。
3. 【解析】how。考查名词性从句。句意: 这就是我如何在探索北京时遇到肉夹馍的。本句是表语从句, 从
句中缺少状语, 根据句意表示如何找到肉夹馍的, 用how。
4. 【解析】a。考查冠词。此处泛指“找到了一家餐馆”, 应使用不定冠词a。故填a。
5. 【解析】was made。考查被动语态。肉夹馍与动词make之间是被动关系, 应使用被动语态, 根据下文so
the bread was still warm可知使用一般过去时。故填was made。
6. 【解析】bit。考查时态。句意: 当我咬它时, 它是软的。根据前半句It was soft when可知用一般过去时,
再根据我与咬是主动关系, 所以用过去式bit。
7. 【解析】easily。考查副词。句意: 虽然它只是一个小吃, 它仍然相当充盈, 可以很容易满足你的胃口。 此
处修饰动词satisfy应用副词。故填easily。
8. 【解析】used。考查非谓语动词。use与meat之间是被动关系, 所以用过去分词作定语, 意为“用的肉”。
故填used。
9. 【解析】with。考查介词。句意: 我吃的第一个肉夹馍是用猪肉做的。be made with sth. 意为“制作时用
了什么东西”。故填with。
10. 【解析】eating。考查非谓语动词。本句中eat与who之间是主谓关系, 所以用现在分词在句中作伴随状
语。故填 eating。
IV. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从自己小时候理想的变化入手, 告诉我们要坚持自己的理想。
1. 【解析】选D。根据本空后的“being a cowboy or some super hero. Later it was a fireman, a policeman, a
lawyer. ”可知, 我的理想起初是当一个牛仔或超级英雄, 后来是当消防员、警察或律师。
2. 【解析】选A。根据本空前的being a cowboy or some super hero. Later it was a fireman, a policeman, a
lawyer. 可知, 随着年龄的增长, 我的理想也在改变。
3. 【解析】选D。根据下文的“teaching”可知, 上大学时, 我决心像爸爸一样成为一名老师。
4. 【解析】选C。我决心像爸爸一样成为一名老师, 于是我努力学习并为此做准备。5. 【解析】选A。根据本空后的“in the end and I was teaching full-time for much of my adult life. ”可
知, 最后我达到了目标, 在我成年后的大部分时间里, 我几乎都是全职教师。
6. 【解析】选B。在我成年后的大部分时间里, 我几乎都是全职教师。
7.【解析】选C。根据上文可知, 本文讨论的是理想, 此处是说有一个贼偷走了我们的理想。
8. 【解析】选A。根据下文的讲述可知, 那个偷走我们理想的贼可能是我们的父母或朋友, 但最大的贼是我
们自己。
9. 【解析】选B。根据下文的讲述可知, 最大的贼是我们自己。
10. 【解析】选D。根据下文的“the‘small’voice”可知, 内心深处有一个声音说“你做不到”。
11.【解析】选A。内心深处有一个声音说“你做不到”, make it表示“成功、做得到”。
12. 【解析】选B。根据下文的“On and on the“small” voice predicts our failure. ”可推知, 此处是说你不可能
做到。
13.【解析】选D。分析句子结构可知, 此处为非限制性定语从句, 先行词为Failure, 指物, 关系词在从句中作
主语, 所以选which。
14. 【解析】选B。根据下文的“lessons”可知, 失败可以教给我们宝贵的经验教训。
15. 【解析】选B。当我们很好地学会了这些经验教训时, 我们就为成功做好了准备。be ready for表示
“为……做好准备”。
16. 【解析】选A。根据本空后的“to do anything that your heart desires. ”可知, 我总是告诉我的孩子, 你可以
做任何你想做的事。
17. 【解析】选C。Nothing is impossible for a willing heart是一句谚语, 表示“世上无难事, 只怕有心人”。
18. 【解析】选D。overnight success一夜成名, 这里指没有一蹴而就的成功, 但只要有决心, 就一定会成功。
19. 【解析】选C。根据本空后的“a life you dream of”可知, 想象过你梦想的生活, live a. . . life表示“过一
种……样的生活”。
20. 【解析】选C。根据本空前的“So, be true to your dream, ”可知, 要忠于自己的理想, 不要让任何人偷走
它。
