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专题五 非谓语动词
5/
1
真题多维细目表
统计题型 语法填空
高考考点 作补语 作定语 作状语 作主语、宾语、表语
Covering(cover);
2022 toincrease(increase)
新高考
Ⅰ
astonished(astonish) aching(ache)
2021
walking(walk)
2020
合计 2 1 2 0
2
命题规律与备考策略
命题规律 三年新高考 卷在语法填空中对于非谓语动词考查共计 .诵读含有非谓语动词的经典句子或短文 养成在具体语境中感
Ⅰ 5 3 ,
次 主要考查非谓语动词作补语 定语和状语 悟非谓语动词用法的好习惯 不断增强语感
, 、 。 , 。
备考策略 .熟练划分句子成分 准确判断非谓语动词在句中所担当 .练透近五年高考真题中关于非谓语动词的题目 感悟高考命题
1 , 4 ,
的句子成分 理清与相关内容的关系 规律和特点 实现 零距离 备考
, 。 , “ ” 。
.熟练掌握非谓语动词作宾语 状语 定语 补语 主语 表语的用法
2 、 、 、 、 、 。
考点清单 学生用书P35 知识结构化 考点清单化
考点一 非谓语动词作补语 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
. 动词 宾语 动词不定式 结构中的动词不定式作宾语补足
1“ + + ”
语 常用动词见下表
, :
汉语 对应动词(词组)
警告;邀请;依靠;
warn;callon/upon;dependon;train
培训
允许;鼓励;提醒; allow,permit;encourage;remind;
邀请 invite
forbid;advise,recommend;teach;
年 禁止;建议;教;劝说
高 persuade
考
希望;预料;喜欢;更 want, wish;expect;love, like;prefer; intend;
年 喜欢;打算;等;让 waitfor;get
模
拟 强迫;要求;恳求;需 force;ask, request;beg;require;cause;order,
要;导致;命令;敦促 tell;urge,push,press
True friendship requires us to show trust and loyalty.
︵ 真正的友谊需要我们表现出信任与忠诚
。
教 I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting.
师
现在请主席向大会致辞
用 。
书
︶
30
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 注意 “动词 宾语 动词不定式”变为被动语态后,原来
+ +
的宾语补足语转化为主语补足语。
The government encourage citizens to buy environmentally
friendly products. 政府鼓励公民购买环保产品。 (作宾语补
足语)
Citizens are encouraged to buy environmentally friendly
products. 公民被鼓励购买环保产品。 (作主语补足语)
􀪋.非􀪋谓􀪋语动􀪋词􀪋作􀪋le􀪋av􀪋e 􀪋kee􀪋p􀪋fi􀪋nd􀪋ca􀪋tch􀪋的􀪋宾􀪋语􀪋补􀪋足语􀪋􀪋􀪋
2 , , ,
ìdone 表示造成某种后果 宾语和宾
ï ( ,
ï补为逻辑上的被动关系
)
ïdoingsth.让 一直做某事 宾语和 leave ï …… (
(1) +í宾补为逻辑上的主动关系
宾语 ï )
+ todosth.把某事交给某人去做 表示
ï (
ï将来的动作 宾语和宾补为逻辑上的
ï , î主动关系
)
Hewonthefirstplace leavingusastonished.他赢得了第一名
, ,
这让我们很惊讶
。
Don􀆳t leave her waiting outside in the rain.
别让她在外边雨里等着
。
I􀆳d better leave you to get on with it.
我还是让你一个人接着干吧
。
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋{sb./sth doingsth.使某人/物一直做某事
􀆰
keep sb./sth done使某人/物被 表示被
(2) 􀆰 ……(
动且完成 或表示状态
, )
Keep the engine running.
别让发动机熄火
。
Youshouldkeepmeinformedofhiswhereabouts.你应该让我了解
他的行踪
。
ìsb doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
ï 􀆰
ïsb./sth done 发现某人/物已经
findí 􀆰 ……
(3) ï 表完成或状态
ï( )
îsb./sth. to be...发现某人/物
……
Often I found her quietly weeping alone.
我经常发现她独自默默流泪
。
I found him buried in a novel.
我发现他在埋头读一本小说
。
catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人正在做某事
(4)
I caught John reading my private letters.
我撞见约翰在看我的私人信件
。
.非谓语动词作感官动词的宾语补足语
3
感官动词see watch observe notice hear feel后面的宾语补足
, , , , ,
语通常有三种形式 以hear为例
。 :
ìdoing sth. 听见 正在做某事
ï ……
ï 宾语与宾补为逻辑􀪍上􀪍的􀪍主动关系
( )
ï
hear ïdo sth. 听见 做了某事
+ í ……
宾语 ï 宾语与宾补为逻􀪍辑􀪍上的主动关系 + ( )
ï done听见 被做
ïï ……
î 宾语与宾补为􀪍逻􀪍辑上的被动关系
( )
I heard the story told by Tom yesterday. 我昨天听汤姆讲了这
个故事 被动 完成
。 ( , )
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌 主动 完成
。 ( , )
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room
yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时 我听见她正在唱一首英文歌 , 。
主动 正在进行
( , )
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
专
题
五
非
谓
语
动
词
31
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
注意 感官动词转换为被动结构时,后面作主语补足语
的动词不定式要带to。
Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
听见有人上楼了。
􀪋.非􀪋谓􀪋语动􀪋词􀪋作􀪋使􀪋役􀪋动􀪋词􀪋hav􀪋e 􀪋ge􀪋t 􀪋ma􀪋ke􀪋的􀪋宾语􀪋补􀪋足􀪋语􀪋􀪋
4 , ,
ìdosth.使 做某事} 宾语与宾
ï …… (
ïdoingsth.使 持 补为逻辑上
ï ……
have 宾语 í续做某事 的主动关系
(1) + +ï )
done使 被做 宾语与宾补为
ï ï …… (
î逻辑上的被动关系
)
We􀆳re having our car repaired.
我们的车正在修理
。
He had me throw them out of the club.
他叫我把他们轰出了俱乐部
。
He had his audience listening attentively.
他抓住了听众的注意力 。
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
注意 .have sth done还表示“使……遭受……”之意。
1 􀆰
Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球
时摔断了腿。
Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away
􀆰
on holiday.
在史密斯先生外出度假期间,他家被盗了。
.havesb doing若用于否定句中,其中have有“允许,容忍”
2 􀆰
之意。
I won􀆳t have youspeakingtoyourdadlikethat. 我不允许你
对你父亲那样讲话。 ∙∙∙
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
ì
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋宾􀪋语􀪋与宾􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
ï (
ïtodosth.使 做某事}补为逻辑
…… ï
ïdoingsth.使 做某事 上的主动
get 宾语 í ……
(2) + +ï 关系
)
ï
done使 被做 宾语与宾补为
ïï …… (
î逻辑上的被动关系
)
He got me to post the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信
。
The captaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashort
rest.
休息了片刻之后 上尉让士兵们朝前线行进
, 。
I􀆳ll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天要 请人 修一下我的自行车
( ) 。
ìdo...让 做 宾语与宾 ï …… ……(
ï补为逻辑上的主动关系
make 宾语 í )
(3) + +ïdone让 被做 宾语与宾
ï …… (
î补为逻辑上的被动关系
)
He made his workers work hours a day.
12
他让他的工人们每天工作 个小时
12 。
He tried to make himself understood.
他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了
。
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 注意 使役动词make转换为被动结构时,后面作主语补
足语的动词不定式要带to。
He was made to deal with the tough task.
他被要求去处理这项棘手的任务。
􀪋.非􀪋谓􀪋语动􀪋词􀪋作􀪋w􀪋ith􀪋/w􀪋ith􀪋out􀪋复􀪋合􀪋结构􀪋的􀪋宾􀪋语􀪋补􀪋足􀪋语􀪋􀪋􀪋
5
{doing 表主动且进行
( )
with/without 宾语 to do 表将来
+ + ( )
done 表被动且完成
( )
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
他没熄灯就睡着了
。
I can􀆳t go out with all these clothes to wash.
要洗这些衣服 我无法出去了
, 。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作
。
.动词不定式作主语补足语的常用句型 6
{to do
Sb./Sth. be said
+ to have done
有此用法的动词还有 believe report think know suppose : , , , , ,
consider
。
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋He is said to have gone abroad.
例句 比较
It is said that he has gone abroad.
(= ) I don􀆳t trust his promise to
据说他出国了 Hepromisedtocomeforavisit.
。 comeforavisit.
Heat is considered to be a form of energy. 他答应了要来访。
我不相信他来访的诺言。
热能被认为是一种能量形式
。
Hesaidhehadnoplanstogo
You􀆳re supposed to pay the bill by Friday. Hedidn􀆳tplan to go there.他没有计
there.他说他没有要去那里的
你应该在星期五前付账 划去那里。
。 计划。
.动词不定式结构放在easy difficult hard等说明名词性质特
7 , ,
征的形容词后面作补足语的时候 应使用动词不定式的主动形 He made an attempt to Heattemptedtostandup. 他试图站
,
式表被动意义 standup. 他试图站起来。 起来。
。
I find the problem easy to solve.
.有些名词的同源形容词常跟不定式作状语 而这些名词也常
3 ,
我发现问题容易解决
。 跟不定式作定语 常见的有 ability anxiety eagerness
, : , , ,
willingness readiness patience obligation determination等
考点二 非谓语动词作定语 , , , , 。
例句 比较
一、分词作定语
His eagerness to get back
分词作定语时单个的词常放在所修饰词的前面 短语放在所修 Hewaseagertogetbackhome.
, homewasquiteobvious.
饰词的后面
他急于回家。
。 很明显他急于回家。
.及物动词的分词形式作定语
1 A good teacher must have the
现在分词作定语与被修饰的词构成逻辑上的主动关系 常 He is able to make himself
(1) , ability to make himself under⁃
understood.
表示动作正在发生
。 stood. 一个好教师必须有把自
他有能力把自己的意思说清楚。
A survey comparing prices of the same goods has caused heated 己的意思说清楚的能力。
debate. 一项比较相同商品价格的调查引起了激烈讨论
。 .有些名词常用不定式作定语说明其内容 它们是 chance
过去分词作定语与被修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系 常 4 , : ,
(2) , opportunity reason way effort measure movement power
表示动作已经完成 , , , , , , ,
。 right skill strength struggle idea 等 不定式常可换成 of
Sofar nobodyhasclaimed the money discovered in the library. 到 , , , , , +
doing
目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱 。
。 He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting.
.不及物动词的分词形式作定语
2 He has a strange way of making his classes lively and
形式 用法 示例
interesting.
他有一个奇特的方法使他的课既生动又有趣
现在 表示动作 {boilingwater正沸腾的水 。
分词 正在进行 boiledwater白开水 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
{fallingleaves正在下落的叶子
fallenleaves落叶
过去 表示动作 {developingcountries发展中国家
分词 已经完成 developedcountries发达国家
.英语中有些表示感觉的动词 其现在分词形式表示 令人
3 , “
的 过去分词形式表示 感到 的
…… ”, “ …… ”。
{an exciting voice令人兴奋的声音
an excited voice兴奋的声音
{a puzzling expression令人困惑的表情
年
a puzzled expression困惑的表情
高
考 二、动词不定式作定语
.当名词被序数词或the only the right等修饰 且该名词是作
年 1 , ,
模 定语的非谓语动词动作的执行者时 用不定式的主动形式作
拟 ,
定语
。
She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.
她是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性
︵ 。
.有些名词的同源动词常跟不定式作宾语 而这些名词也常跟
教 2 ,
师 不定式作定语 常见的有 wish decision refusal arrangement
用 , : , , , ,
intention agreement hope need plan promise failure
书 , , , , , , ,
︶ attempt offer warning等
, , 。
32
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 注意 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式
所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式
后面需有相应的介词。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有
一幢舒适的房子可以居住。
Do you have a cup to drink water with?
你有用来喝水的杯子吗?
但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way 时,不
定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
He had no place to live.
他没有地方住。
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 .to be done being done done作定语的区别
5 , ,
形式 用法 例句
The question to be discussed at
表被动、
tobedone tomorrow􀆳smeetingisveryimportant.明
将来
天将要在会上讨论的问题非常重要。
Listen! The song being sung is very
表被动、正 popularwiththestudents.
beingdone 在进行 听! 正唱着的这首歌非常受学生们的
欢迎。
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋续表
形式 用法 例句
Have you read the novel written by
表被动、
done Dickens?
完成
你读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗?
三、动名词作定语
动名词作定语 用来说明被修饰词的用途
, 。
a fishing net渔网 a net for fishing
(= )
a swimming pool游泳池 a pool for swimming
(= )
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语
一、后跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词
口诀 对应动词
决心学会
decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish
想希望
拒绝设法
refuse,manage,care,pretend
愿假装
主动答应
offer,promise,choose,plan
选计划
同意请求
agree,ask/beg,help
来帮忙
We chose to take the train.
我们选择乘坐火车
。
He pretended not to notice.他假装没注意
。
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专
题
五
非
谓
语
动
词
33
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续表
口诀 对应动词(短语)
不禁介意
can􀆳thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape
准逃亡
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 我对你今
天下午回电话表示感谢
。
I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five
days. 我几乎不能想象五天之内横渡大西洋
。
三、动名词作介词的宾语
无论是普通介词还是含介词的动词短语 一般情况下要用动名
,
词作宾语
。
Switch it on by pressing this button.
按下这个开关启动它
。
He got an award for saving the boy.
他因救了那个男孩受奖
。
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
注意 .如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语时,常用it作
1
形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置。
I find it impossible to change her idea.
我发现不可能改变她的想法。
.动词不定式作动词 expect, refuse, mean, like, love,
2
prefer, wish, hope, want 等的宾语时,常承前省略动词不定
式后的内容,但保留动词不定式符号to。
I didn􀆳t pass the driving test, but I expected to(pass the
driving test).
我没有通过驾照考试,不过我希望能通过。
二􀪋、􀪋后􀪋跟􀪋动名􀪋词􀪋作􀪋宾􀪋语􀪋的􀪋常见􀪋动􀪋词􀪋(􀪋短􀪋语􀪋)􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
口诀 对应动词(短语)
考虑建议 consider, suggest/advise/recommend, look forward to,
盼原谅 excuse/pardon
承认推迟
admit,delay/putoff,fancy(想要)
没得想
避免错过
avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise
继续练
否认完成 deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate(或感谢)
就欣赏
禁止想象
forbid,imagine,include,risk
包冒险
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注意 .to既可作介词,也可作动词不定式的符号,要牢
1
记含介词to的常用短语:
be used/accustomedto(习惯于),beopposedto/objectto(反
对), lead to(导致), devote...to...(把……用于……), get
down to(开始做), pay attention to(注意), look forward to
(期待),comecloseto(差不多),reduce...to...(使……沦落
到……)。
He used to liveinthecountryside,butnowhehasbeenused
to living in the city. 他以前住在农村,但现在他已经习惯了
住在城市里。
.可将介词in省略的短语
2
spend... }
have difficulty (in)doing
+
have a...time
I had no difficulty(in)making myself understood. 我毫不费
力地表达了自己的意思。
四􀪋、􀪋下􀪋列􀪋动词􀪋(􀪋短􀪋语􀪋)􀪋既􀪋可以􀪋跟􀪋动􀪋名􀪋词􀪋作􀪋宾􀪋语􀪋,也􀪋可􀪋以􀪋跟􀪋不
定式作宾语,但意义不同
ìto do sth.记着要做某事
ï
ï do后于remember
.rememberí( )
1 ïdoing sth.记得做过某事
ï
î do 先于remember
( )
ìto do sth.忘记要做某事
ï
ï do后于forget
.forgetí( )
2 ïdoing sth.忘记做过某事
ï
î do先于forget
( )
ìto say/tell/inform...
ï
ï遗憾地说/告诉/通知
ï ……
.regretí say/tell/inform后于regret
3 ï( )
doing sth.后悔做过某事 ï
ï î do先于regret
( )
{to do sth.停下来做另外一件事
.stop
4 doing sth.停下正在做的事
{to do sth.尽力做某事
.try
5 doing sth.试着做某事
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋{to do sth.打算做某事
.mean
6 doing sth.意味着做某事
{to do sth.不能帮助做某事
.can􀆳t help
7 doing sth.情不自禁做某事
ìRemember to lock the door. ï
ï记得锁门
í 。
ïI remember locking the door. ï
î我记得把门锁上了
。
ìHe didn􀆳t mean to hurt you.
ï
ï他并没打算伤害你
í 。
ïRaising salary means increasing purchasing
ï îpower. 涨工资意味着提高购买力
。
五、need,want,require既可以用动名词也可用不定式作宾
语,但用法不同
用法 例句
{need(s)(需要)} Heneedstoleaveatonce.他需
sb. todosth.
want(s)(想要) 要立即离开。
{need(s) } {doing(主动形式 Thewindowneeds
sth. want(s) 表被动意义) cleaning/tobe
+
require(s) tobedone cleaned.这扇窗户需要擦一下。
六、deserve be worthy of ,be worth后跟非谓语动词作宾语
, ( )
用法 例句
ì {doing
ïdeserve Theplaceisworthvisiting.
ï + tobedone
The place is worthy to be ïï {tobedone =
íbeworthy visited.
ï ofbeingdone
The place is worthy of being ïbeworthdoing(主动形式表 =
ï visited. 这个地方值得参观。 î被动意义)
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年
高
考
年
模
拟
︵
教
师
用
书
︶
34
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.动词不定式作主语
2
It be 名词 ü
+ + ï
Ittakes/tooksb. sometime ï
+ ï
difficult/easy/important/ ï
It be forsb.ý todosth.
+ +impossible/necessary... + ï+
ï
honest/kind/lazy/silly/
It be ofsb. ï + +stupid/wise... + þ ï
How long did it take you to finish the work
?
你花了多长时间完成这项工作的
?
It is difficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninanhour.
我们难以在一小时内完成这篇作文
。
二、非谓语动词作remain的表语
{ {doing}
主语 意为 仍然是 remain bestill
+ + done : ( = )
remain
tobedone意为 仍需被做
+ :
She remained standing was still standing though we
( = )
repeatedly asked her to sit down.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下 但她还是站着
, 。
The true author of the book remains unknown is still
( =
unknown .
)
这本书真正的作者依然不详
。
Much remains to be done.
许多事仍需去做
。
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
注意 动词不定式在连词but后面时,如果连词之前有行
为动词do的某种形式,那么连词后的不定式不带to,否则
就要带to。
We could do nothing but wait. We had nothing to do but
=
wait.
我们除了等待,什么也做不了。
We had no choice but to wait.
我们除了等待,别无选择。
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考点四 非谓语动词作主语和表语
一、it作形式主语的常考句型
.动名词作主语
1
ìnouse/good ü
ï ï
ïnot anyuse/goodï
It is/was í ý doingsth.
+ïof littleuse/goodï+
ï ï îworth þ
It isworthmakinganappointment beforeyougo.
你去之前预约一下是值得的
。
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
注意 .动词不定式作主语和表语表示具体的动作,尤指
1
某一次的动作,而动名词作主语和表语指一般或抽象的、经
常性的行为。
My favorite sport is swimming, but this afternoon my aim is
to climb the mountain.
我最喜欢的运动是游泳,但是今天下午我的目标是爬山。
.过去分词在be, become, get, feel, seem, look等系动词
2
后作表语时,表示主语的特征或性状。
The instructions look very complicated.
这说明书看起来很难懂。
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考点五 非谓语动词作状语
一、动词不定式作状语
.目的状语
1
to do和inordertodo可放于句首或句中 而soastodo只能放
,
于句中
。
Simon made a big bamboo box to keep/in order to keep/so as
to keep the little sick bird till it could fly. 西蒙做了个大竹盒子
来装这只生病的小鸟 直到它能飞
, 。
.结果状语
2
only to do表示意外的或事与愿违的结果
(1) 。
I hurried to the airport only to find the plane had taken off.
我匆忙赶去机场 却发现飞机已经起飞了
, 。
...enough to do表示 足够 能
(2) “ …… ……”。
She was old enough to decide for herself.
她已到自己做决定的年龄了
。
too...to do表示 太 而不能
(3) “ …… ……”。
He was too frightened to move.
他害怕得动弹不得
。
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋.原因状语
3
不定式常与表示情感 状态的形容词连用 如glad happy delighted
、 , , , ,
surprised anxious excited proud disappointed likely等
, , , , , 。
I was delighted to hear the good news.
听到这个好消息我很开心
。
I was surprised to know he had failed in the exam.
听说他考试没及格 我很惊讶
, 。
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专
题
五
非
谓
语
动
词
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注意 .在onlytoo...to...结构中,too...to...并非是“太……而
1
不能……”之意,而是“非常……”。 此时与only too...to...搭配
的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等。
I􀆳m only too glad to have passed the exam.( I􀆳m very glad
=
to have passed the exam.)考试及格了,我非常高兴。
.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
2
在“主语 系动词 形容词(hard, easy, difficult, expensive,
+ +
comfortable等) to do”结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式
+
构成逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,
这时需用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
The math problem is hard to figure out.
这个数学问题很难解决。
二􀪋、􀪋现􀪋在􀪋分词􀪋作􀪋状􀪋语􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
现在分词作状语常表原因 伴随 时间 结果等 分词与句子主
、 、 、 ,
语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系
。
Approaching the city center we saw a stone statue of about
, 10
metersin height. 在接近市中心时 我们看到了一座大约 米
, 10
高的石像
。
It rainedheavilyinthesouth causingseriousfloodinginseveral
,
provinces.南方下了大雨 在几个省造成严重洪灾
, 。
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
三、过去分词作状语
.过去分词作状语常表原因 伴随 时间 让步等 分词与句子
1 、 、 、 ,
主语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系
。
Seriously injured she hasto be sent to hospital at once. 她受了
,
重伤 必须马上送往医院
, 。
.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化 且往往用于一些系表结
2 ,
构中 此时这些过去分词既不表示被动 也不表示完成 而表示
, , ,
一种状态 如lost 迷路的 seated 坐着的 lost/absorbed in
, ( ), ( ),
沉浸于 dressed in 穿着 的 等
( ), ( …… ) 。
Absorbedin the book he didn􀆳t notice me enter the room. 他完
,
全被这本书所吸引 没有注意到我进入房间
, 。
四、非谓语动词作状语与状语从句的省略
在时间 让步 方式 条件等状语从句中 如果状语从句的主语
、 、 、 ,
与主句的主语一致 而且状语从句的谓语中有be动词 可以将
, ,
从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略
。
While I was walkingthedogonthestreettheotherday Imet
( ) ,
one of my old friends.
前几天我在路上遛狗的时候遇到了我的一位老朋友
。
If you are asked to look after luggage for someone else
( ) ,
inform the police at once.
如果你被要求替别人照看行李 立即通知警察
, 。
五、独立成分作状语
独立成分作状语其形式不受上下文的影响 常用的有
,
considering that ... 鉴于 考虑到 generally
( ) ( ……; ……);
speaking 一般来说 judging by/from... 从 来看 依
( ); ( …… ;
据 来判断 supposing that ... 假定 providing/
…… ); ( ) ( ……);
注意 动词不定式作结果状语时,常表示意想不到的结 provided that... 只要 talking/speaking of... 谈及
( ……); (
果;而现在分词作结果状语时,常表示自然而然的结果。 given that ... 考虑到 to tell the truth 实话
……); ( ) ( ……); (
Hehurriedtotheairport,onlytofindhismother had left. 他匆 实说 to be honest 老实说 to make matters worse 更糟
); ( ); (
忙赶到机场,却发现他妈妈已经离开了。 (意料之外的结果) 糕的是 等
) 。
His parents passedaway,leavinghimanorphan. 他的父母去
Judging by the opinion polls he seems to be succeeding.
,
世了,使他成了孤儿。 (自然而然的结果)
从民意测验来看 他似乎胜券在握
, 。
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
三年 考点基础练
模拟 综合提升练
2020—2022
A组 考点基础题组 学生用书P118
考点一 非谓语动词作补语 答案 calling
1.The newtechnologycouldenablemorepeople access 5.Alexandertriedtogethiswork (recognize)inmedicalcircles.
( )
the cultural relics despite the distance. 答案 recognized
答案 to access 6.Passengers are permitted (carry) only one piece of
2.In cities and in rural areas, you can see lanterns hand luggage onto the plane.
答案 to carry
(decorate) street lights,publicbuildingsandshops.
答案 decorating 7.Claire had her luggage (check) an hour before her
plane left.
3.In thisway,we had energy (store) for when there was
答案 checked
no food.
8.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep
答案 stored
himself (remind) of his own dreams.
4.Listen! Do you hear someone (call) for help?
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋答案 reminded end of this term.
9.The manager was satisfied to see many new products 答案 to complete
(develop) after great effort. 14.Hisfirstbook (publish)nextmonthisbasedonatrue
答案 developed story.
10.Tom askedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolate 答案 to be published
easier (break)into small pieces. 15.This is the only way we can imagine (reduce)the
答案 to break overuse of water in students􀆳 bathrooms.
答案 to reduce
11.He was seen (enter) the newly⁃built lab just now.
答案 to enter 16.It􀆳sgenerallyrecognizedthattheconference (hold) at
present will play a significant role in the future development of
12.Tom is said (succeed)John as CEO of the firm next
the company.
week.
答案 being held
答案 to succeed
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语
13.The teacher entered the classroom and caught Tom
(read) a novel.
1.But you don􀆳t need
(
quit
)
sugar for healthy eating.
答案 to quit
答案 reading
2.Some also recommend (restrict) dairy products.
考点二 非谓语动词作定语
答案 restricting
1.After seeing the frighten film the boy was too
( ) , 3.We will devote ourselves to (develop) our country.
frightened to walk home alone in the dark.
答案 developing
答案 frightening
4.The Ministry of Culture and Tourism will continue to support
2.Just under half of the fish we eat comes from wild animals
Hainan in (deepen) reform and opening up.
(catch) in the oceans, with the rest coming from fish
答案 deepening
farms.
5. On the stage, they change their painted masks in quick
答案 caught
succession by twisting their heads and (wave) their
3.Those (range) from shampoo and toothpaste to ice
arms.
cream and beer can all contain chemicals got from seaweed.
答案 waving
答案 ranging
6.Incredibly, around , workersspentjustninehours
1 500
4.By the
1920
􀆳s, opera masters began using layers of masks
(complete) the construction of a new train station in Fujian
(make) of oiled paper or dried pig bladders.
Province, southern China.
答案 made 答案 completing
5.There are many video clips(片段)on social media 7.Through the patriotism and the never⁃yielding spirit shown by
(show) interesting behavior of the animals along their path. these great people, the series hopes (inspire) the
答案 showing younger generation.
6.I was free to make the library a comfortable and exciting place 答案 to inspire
(learn). 8.After receivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,shewent
答案 to learn on (thank)all the people who had helped.
7.A video (release) on the Internet showed how the 答案 to thank
construction workers connected three major railroads with the 9.Youngpeoplemayrisk (go) deafiftheyareexposedto
new one. very loud music every day.
答案 released 答案 going
8.This world has been finding excuses (kill) wolves. 10.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but
答案 to kill (meet) an even greater challenge.
9.Heisa (retire) professor of archaeology(考古学) at the 答案 to meet
年 Universityof Cambridge. 11.I remembered (lock) thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,
高
答案 retired but forgot to turn off the lights.
考
10.The students are looking forward to having an opportunity 答案 to lock
年 (explore) society. 12.Ladex doesn􀆳t feel like (study) abroad. Her parents
模
拟 答案 to explore are old.
11.We􀆳re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision 答案 studying
(make) at the meeting will decide the future of our company. 13.I didn􀆳t mean (eat) anythingbuttheicecreamlooked
答案 to be made so good that I couldn􀆳t help (try) it.
︵
教 12.The ability (express) an idea is as important as the 答案 to eat;trying
师 idea itself. 14.The novel is well worth (read), so you had better
用
答案 to express buy one.
书
︶ 13.I havealotofreadingexercises (complete) beforethe 答案 reading
36
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the task within days. 答案 saying
3
答案 accomplishing 5.Seven trains and diggers were used (assist) the
23
考点四 非谓语动词作主语和表语 massive project.
1.So live a happy life with a light heart is the most 答案 to assist
( )
important. 6.And (make) matters worse, he added a second verse,
答案 living which was the familiar Happy Birthday to You.
2.The village, which has people from households, is 答案 to make
140 51
(locate) at the foot of a mountain in Nanjing. 7.The Chinese people have the custom of sticking up pictures
答案 located (celebrate) the traditional Spring Festival.
3.You can imagine how (surprise) and excited I was at 答案 to celebrate
that moment. 8.In TCM,commonlydried,cutintoslices, (boil) inhot
答案 surprised water and steeped(浸泡), reishi(灵芝) can make a healing
4.The report said it will be difficult (increase) people􀆳s soup or tea.
leisure time in the future due to the large amount of time they 答案 boiled
spend working and looking after children. 9.The finished pictures, therefore, have the features of both
答案 to increase woodcuts and Chinese paintings, (make)a special branch
5.World Philosophy Day is every year on the third Thursday of in traditional folk art.
November. The aim of the day is (celebrate) the 答案 making
importance and role of philosophy in our lives.
10.Then thegoodfeelinggoesaway, (leave) uswanting
答案 to celebrate
more.
6. (travel) toJiangsu􀆳sruralvillages,manyofwhichlook
答案 leaving
like beautiful postcard scenes, might be totally different from
11. (dress) in a full body suit of ice, a symbol of purity
what you have imagined.
and strength, the panda wears a helmet with a colored halo (光
答案 Travel(l)ing
环).
7.While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote) ,
答案 Dressed
Henry did his best to perform his duty.
12.The advertisements were put up, (state) there would
答案 promoted
be coffee available and activities for children, and I was
8.In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained (stick)
convinced that it was a good idea for us to attend.
abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
答案 stating
答案 stuck
13. (judge) from his look, he must be angry with us.
考点五 非谓语动词作状语
答案 Judging
1.It is also designed promote team spirit. 14.Chinaiswilling (join) handswithothernationsinthe
( )
答案 to promote space field, Wang said.
2.ManyofHollywood􀆳scelebritiesattendthisevent, (hope) 答案 to join
towinanOscar award. 15.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it
答案 hoping on, only (find) it didn􀆳t fit.
3.Willie was moving out of his apartment and he needed boxes 答案 to find
(pack) his things in. 16.Though (surprise)to see us, the professor gave us a
答案 to pack warm welcome.
4.On arriving home, much to my surprise, my son took out a 答案 surprised
fashionable wristwatch and gave it to me, (say)it was a
专
题
五
非
谓
语
动
词
37
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B 组 综合提升题组 学生用书P121
1.The two slowly form a strong friendship support land use for housing construction in rural areas.
, ( )
each other through hard times. 答案 to ensure
答案 supporting 4.“One􀆳s ability to pay attention and write fluently is likely
2.He had the other boxes (tear) open and got the (disturb) by both songs and instrumental music,” she
trophies(奖杯), all in perfect condition. He immediately called added.
the police. 答案 to be disturbed
答案 torn 5.Diwali, also known as the festival of lights, is a Hindu (印度
3.One banned the illegal use of farmland for real estate (房地 教的) festival (hold) in honour of Lakshmi, the
产) projects and the other sought (ensure) reasonable goddess of wealth.
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋答案 held most shiningmoments.
6.In China, various types of Chinese opera facial makeup enable 答案 compared
the audience (know) a character􀆳s personality and get 19.Millions of pupils have been forced (switch) to
more involved in the appreciation of the performance. remote learning, according to a company, which tracks
答案 to know usage ofdevicesby children aged to in theUK, USand
4 15
7.Human⁃wildlife conflict, (refer) to direct interactions Spain.
between humans and wildlife with negative outcomes, costs the 答案 to switch
global economy billions of dollars annually. 20.Globally, by the end of , Chinese products based on the
2019
答案 referring Beidou system had been sold to more than countries and
120
8.When you exercise, your body produces some chemicals that regions, (play) a helpful role in a number of public
make you feel peaceful and relaxed and increase your ability sector fields.
(concentrate) when you study. 答案 playing
答案 to concentrate 21.Back from his two⁃year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee
9.Responding to requirements from the Ministry of Education, was very happy to see his mother (take)good care of at
schools have putmoreeffortsinto (organize) eventsthat home.
can help expand students􀆳 comprehensive abilities and individual 答案 taken
qualities. 22.Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car
答案 organizing (wash).
10.Shortly after stepping out of the space station, Wang Yaping 答案 washed
waved to audiences on Earth and said she felt great, in a video 23.Pressed by his parents, and (realize) that he has
(release) on Sunday. wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing
答案 released video games.
11.The combination of these panda reserves is an enthusiastic 答案 realizing
commitment by the Chinese government (protect) these 24.This machine is very easy (operate). Anybody can
extraordinaryanimals. learn to use it in a few minutes.
答案 to protect 答案 to operate
12.Diets are useless in the long term, yet approximately % of 25.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake (wind) itswayupthe
20
teenagers saytheyhavetriedtocontroltheirweightbygoingona tree to catch its breakfast.
diet and (skip) meals. 答案 winding
答案 skipping 26.George returned after the war, only (tell) that his
13.The team has made very good use of the opportunity wife had left him.
(share) Chinese culture with the world. 答案 to be told
答案 to share 27.No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when
14.My impression ofTongliissopositivethatI􀆳vebeenmeaning it􀆳s better (remain) silent.
(go) back with my family for their first visit to China. 答案 to remain
答案 to go 28.Film has a much shorter history, especially when
15.Dai Bin, chairman of the academy, said at an online (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
conference that with more rural residents (spend) time 答案 compared
onleisureactivities,thetourismmarketandtravelcompanieswill 29.The differenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversion
embrace new growth in the future. makes the device more comfortable (hold).
答案 spending 答案 to hold
16. Trucks and drones (无 人 机) were also used 30.Dina, (struggle) for months to find a job as a
年 (monitor) the elephants and clear up roads for them to pass waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
高
safely. 答案 having struggled
考
答案 to monitor 31.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her
年
17.Dr. Erik Engeberg, one of the robot􀆳s inventors from colleagues (amuse) with her stories.
模
拟 Florida Atlantic University in the US, said, “ (study) 答案 amused
and observing a delicate environment has always been hard for 32.We were astonished (find) the temple still in its
researchers. Soft robots can help with this.” original condition.
答案 Studying 答案 to find
︵
教 18.According to the series􀆳 chief director Zheng Xiaolong, 33. This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we
师
(compare)to most documentaries that show the whole shouldn􀆳t get (discourage) after failure.
用
书 life of thefeaturedindividual,thisseriesfocusesontheindividuals􀆳 答案 discouraged
︶
38
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