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曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
专题八 主旨要义
Passage 1
When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier (冰川) on the Swiss Alps’ Mount
Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect.
But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s (崩塌) critical
characteristics.
Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the
atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in
this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers.
Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State
University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. “This was different,” Johnson says. “A signature of
a new material has been detected with infrasound.”
Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick
up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But collapse—sudden, rapid
breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body—is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial
collapse drives ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous
regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier “can become detached
from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break-offs,” says University of Florence
geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists
seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapse.
Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can
monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti
says, is cheaper and can detect break-off events around a much broader area as well as
multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its
components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without
additional measurements, says ETH Zürich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. “The model used
by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the
researchers monitor an ice avalanche’s speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound.
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Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more
signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the
continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining
their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade’s physical details.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?
A.Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials.
B.Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions.
C.Researchers are trying to use infrasound for detecting ice avalanches.
D.Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places.
2.Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar?
A.The combination with other relevant signals.
B.The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche.
C.The ability in picking up signals in wider areas.
D.The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes.
3.The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to .
A.distinguishing different components of a signal
B.detecting multiple avalanches at the same time
C.calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches
D.monitoring the specific location of ice break-offs
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.From Fire to Ice B.Glacier Whispers
C.Nature is Warning D.Secret of Ice Avalanches
答案
[语篇解读] 次声是一种低频音波,科学家们正在致力于利用次声来监测冰川崩塌。
1.C 主旨要义题。第二、三段的关键词是次声(infrasound)和冰崩(ice avalanches),在第
三段最后一句中提到“科学家们找寻新方法来监测冰崩”,这些新方法中的一种就是利
用次声。
2.C 细节理解题。第四段的前两句将雷达和次声进行了对比,比起雷达,用次声更加便
宜且探测范围更大(can detect break-off events around a much broader area)。
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3.A 推测词义题。this指代前面出现的事物,前句中提到“It is challenging, however, to
separate a signal into its components”,这与A项要表达的意思一致。
4.B 主旨要义题。文章主要介绍科学家利用次声监测冰川崩塌,B项中的Glacier与冰
川对应,而Whispers则与声音(次声)呼应。
Passage 2
Last year scientists reported using a neural implant (神经植入物) in a man’s brain to
restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to
produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the
exploding field of brain-computer interfaces (接口), or BCIs, which allow computers to read
information out of a living brain.
Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain
contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings
and intended actions. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the
brain are very similar across individuals.
Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry
points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in
making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the
details—what patterns of activity within the map mean—differ from person to person. In a
sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption (加密),
safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.
That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine
learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast
sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode(解码) brain signals by feeding them
tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an
individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the
program to learn from.
While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for
BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases
where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been
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with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious
ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural
data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities.
Like all technologies, brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while
harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we need to ensure that we have the means to protect
ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their
financial gain.
1.What can we learn about brain maps?
A.They carry unique messages.
B.They can process encrypted signals.
C.Their functions vary from person to person.
D.Their locations reveal human thinking patterns.
2.What can we infer from the passage?
A.BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically.
B.BCIs could help recover from brain injuries.
C.Machine learning enables BCIs to read mind.
D.The decoding of the brain may be affected by BCIs.
3.What does the underlined word “surreptitious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Secure. B.Stable.
C.Standard. D.Secret.
4.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The future trend of BCIs.
B.The potential risks of BCIs.
C.The working principle of BCIs.
D.The general applications of BCIs.
答案
[语篇解读] BCI是一种连接大脑与电脑的接口,它允许计算机读取活体大脑中的信息。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny
maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions.”和第
三段中的“In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of
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encryption, safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.”可知,大脑
地图承载着独特的信息。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists
have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers.
They train these programs to decode brain signals by feeding them tons of examples...”可知,
机器学习使BCI能够读懂大脑。
3.D 推测词义题。画线词所在句子中出现了without your knowledge,指“在你不知情的
情况下”,因此那些方法应该是秘密的(secret)。
4.C 主旨要义题。本篇文章主要阐述了BCI是如何读取大脑中的信息的,即BCI的工
作原理。
Passage 3
Both misinformation, which includes honest mistakes, and disinformation, which
involves an intention to mislead, have had a growing impact on teenage students over the past
20 years. One tool that schools can use to deal with this problem is called media literacy
education. The idea is to teach teenage students how to evaluate and think critically about the
messages they receive. Yet there is profound disagreement about what to teach.
Some approaches teach students to distinguish the quality of the information in part by
learning how responsible journalism is. Yet some scholars argue that these methods overstate
journalism and do little to cultivate critical thinking skills. Other approaches teach students
methods for evaluating the credibility of news and information sources, in part by
determining the incentive of those sources. They teach students to ask: What encouraged
them to create it and why? But even if these approaches teach students specific skills well,
some experts argue that determining credibility of the news is just the first step. Once students
figure out if it’s true or false, what is the other assessment and the other analysis they need to
do?
Worse still, some approaches to media literacy education not only don’t work but might
actually backfire by increasing students’ skepticism about the way the media work. Students
may begin to read all kinds of immoral motives into everything. It is good to educate students
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to challenge their assumptions, but it’s very easy for students to go from healthy critical
thinking to unhealthy skepticism and the idea that everyone is lying all the time.
To avoid these potential problems, broad approaches that help students develop mindsets in
which they become comfortable with uncertainty are in need. According to educational
psychologist William Perry of Harvard University, students go through various stages of
learning. First, children are black-and-white thinkers—they think there are right answers and
wrong answers. Then they develop into relativists, realizing that knowledge can be
contextual. This stage is the one where people can come to believe there is no truth. With
media literacy education, the aim is to get students to the next level—that place where they
can start to see and appreciate the fact that the world is messy, and that’s okay. They have
these fundamental approaches to gathering knowledge that they can accept, but they still
value uncertainty.
Schools still have a long way to go before they get there, though. Many more studies will be
needed for researchers to reach a comprehensive understanding of what works and what
doesn’t over the long term. “Education scholars need to take an ambitious step forward,” says
Howard Schneider, director of The Center for News Literacy at Stony Brook University.
1.As for media literacy education, what is the author’s major concern?
A.How to achieve its goal.
B.How to measure its progress.
C.How to avoid its side effects.
D.How to promote its importance.
2.What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Importance. B.Variety.
C.Motivation. D.Benefit.
3.The author mentions stages of learning in Paragraph 4 mainly to .
A.compare different types of thinking
B.evaluate students’ mind development
C.explain a theory of educational psychology
D.stress the need to raise students’ thinking levels
4.Which would be the best title for this passage?
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A.Media Literacy Education: Much Still Remains
B.Media Literacy Education: Schools Are to Blame
C.Media Literacy Education: A Way to Identify False Information
D.Media Literacy Education: A Tool for Testing Critical Thinking
答案
[语篇解读] 作者就如何实现媒介素养教育目标、帮助学生适应不确定性提出了不同的
方法。
1.A 细节理解题。由第一段第二、三句“One tool that schools can use to deal with this
problem is called media literacy education. The idea is to teach teenage students how to
evaluate and think critically about the messages they receive.”可知,作者最关心的是如何实
现媒介素养教育的目标——青少年学生如何评估和批判性地思考他们收到的信息。
2.C 推测词义题。想让学生评估新闻和信息来源的可信度,可以让他们通过确定那些来
源的 。确定来源的重要性(importance)、多样性(variety)和优势(benefit)都无法与
可信度匹配,而确定来源的动机(motivation),清楚发布这些新闻和信息的目的才有可能识
别其是否可信,故选C。
3.D 推理判断题。本段中提到学生会经历不同的学习阶段,继而详细阐述了每个阶段的
不同并且体现出各阶段的进阶性。接着便提到“With media literacy education, the aim is
to get students to the next level...”,这说明提高学生思维水平是非常有必要的,故选D。
4.A 主旨要义题。本文围绕着Media Literacy Education展开,且文章最后一段第一句指
出,学校在通过媒介素养教育帮助学生成长方面还有很长的路要走。
Passage 4
The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as
xenobots, can now reproduce—in a way not seen in plants and animals. The xenobot is
formed from the stem cells of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), from which it takes
its name.
“Frogs have a way of reproducing that they normally use, but when you liberate the stem cells
from the embryo (胚胎) and you give them a chance to figure out how to be in a new
environment, not only do they figure out a new way to move, but they also figure out
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apparently a new way to reproduce,” said Michael Levin, a professor of biology at Tufts
University, who was co-lead author of the new research.
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. To
make the xenobots, the researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos and left
them to develop.
“Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it’s not so much what a robot is
made from but what it does, which acts on its own on behalf of people,” said Josh Bongard, a
computer science professor and robotics expert at the University of Vermont and lead author
of the study. “In that way, it’s a robot, but it’s also clearly an organism made from frog cells.”
The researchers found that the xenobots could replicate (自我复制). But it happened rarely
and only in specific circumstances. The xenobots used “kinetic replication”—a process that is
known to occur at the molecular (分子的) level.
With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to
make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication. The supercomputer came up with
a C-shape that looked like Pac-Man, the 1980s video game. They found it was able to find
tiny stem cells, gather hundreds of them inside its mouth, and a few days later the pack of
cells became new xenobots.
“AI didn’t program these machines in the way we usually think about writing code. It shaped
and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape,” Bongard said. “The shape is, in essence,
the program. The shape influences how the xenobots behave to speed up this incredibly
surprising process.”
The xenobots are very early technology—think of a 1940s computer—and don’t yet have any
practical applications. However, this combination of molecular biology and artificial
intelligence could potentially be used in many tasks in the body and the environment. This
may include things like collecting microplastics in the oceans, inspecting root systems and
regenerative medicine. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this
kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems,” Bongard said.
1.According to Josh Bongard, a robot should be defined in terms of .
A.its function B.its reliability
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C.its appearance D.its material
2.What can we learn about xenobots from the passage?
A.Xenobots have copied stem cells using computer programs.
B.Specialized cells play a key role in the replication of xenobots.
C.AI makes it possible for xenobots to replicate more effectively.
D.The shape of xenobots was inspired by a video game in the 1980s.
3.What is the author’s attitude towards future applications of xenobots?
A.Disapproving.
B.Optimistic.
C.Unconcerned.
D.Objective.
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Where does the unnatural replication process lead?
B.Are xenobots the future of artificial intelligence?
C.The uncertain role of robot reproduction
D.Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce
答案
[语篇解读] 科学家创造出一批可以繁殖的“异种机器人”,文章阐述了其研究过程和
发展前景。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中Josh所说的话“Most people think of robots as being
made of metal, but it ’ s not so much what a robot is made from but what it does , which acts
on its own on behalf of people”可知,问题不在于机器人是由什么制成的,而在于它能做什
么,所以机器人应该根据它的功能来被定义。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“With the help of artificial intelligence, the
researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this
type of replication.”可知,人工智能使异种机器人更有效地自我复制成为可能。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“There are many things that are possible
if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems”可推断
出,作者对异种机器人的未来应用持乐观态度。
4.D 主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了科学家创造出一批可以繁殖(reproduce)的“异种机
器人”。根据关键词可锁定C项和D项,C项中的“uncertain role(不确定的作用)”与主
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旨不符。D项中的“Fact or fantasy?”是对“可以繁殖”进行的提问,而文章也给出了答
案,所以D项正确。
Passage 5
Do you listen to quiet music to help you wind down before sleep? However, this practice
could be counterproductive, according to a new study by Michael K. Scullin and colleagues at
Baylor University. The work, published in Psychological Medicine, found that bedtime music
was associated with more sleep disruptions and that instrumental music is even worse than
music with lyrics.
In the first study, 199 online participants living in the US reported on their sleep quality and
music listening frequency and timing, as well as their beliefs about how this affected their
sleep. Almost all—87%—believed that music improves sleep, or at least does not disrupt it.
However, the team found that more overall time spent listening to music was associated with
poorer sleep and daytime sleepiness. Just over three quarters of the participants also reported
experiencing frequent “earworms”—having a song or tune “stuck” and replaying in their
minds. A quarter reported experiencing these during the night at least once per week, and
these people were six times as likely to report poor sleep quality. The team’s analysis
suggested that listening specifically to instrumental music near bedtime was linked to more
sleep-related earworms and poorer sleep quality.
The team then ran an experimental study on 48 young adults. After arriving at the sleep lab at
8:45 p.m., participants went to a quiet bedroom, where they completed questionnaires that
included measures of stress, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. They also had electrodes
applied, ready for the night-time polysomnography to record their brain wave activity, as well
as the heart rate and breathing, and reported on how relaxed, nervous, energetic, sleepy and
stressed they felt. At 10:00 p.m., they were given some “downtime”, with quiet music
playing. Half were randomised to hear three songs while the other half heard instrumental-
only versions of these same songs.
Participants reported decreases in stress and nervousness and increased relaxation after
listening to either set of songs, and also showed decreases in blood pressure. So—as earlier
studies have also suggested—quiet music at bedtime was indeed relaxing at the time.
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However, a quarter of the participants woke from sleep with an earworm, and the
polysomnography data showed that instrumental versions of the songs were more likely to
induce these awakenings as well as other sleep disruptions, such as shifts from deeper sleep
to lighter sleep. Taken together, the findings represent “causal evidence for bedtime
instrumental music affecting sleep quality via triggering earworms,” the team writes.
Why instrumental-only songs should have a bigger impact than music with lyrics isn’t clear.
The three songs used in this study were chosen because they were likely to be familiar.
Hearing them without the lyrics might have prompted the participants’ brains to try to add
the words, which might have made earworms more likely. If this is the case, all instrumental
music may not have the same effect. However, the data from the first study is consistent with
the idea that instrumental music generally is more of a problem.
1.According to the passage, the participants in both studies .
A.were required to listen to light music
B.felt their sleeping problems resolved
C.had their sleeping quality monitored
D.provided feedback on bedtime music
2.What does the underlined word “induce” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Lead to. B.Impact on.
C.Break in. D.Focus on.
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Earworms are mainly caused by music with lyrics.
B.Bedtime music leads to high blood pressure and anxiety.
C.Quiet music improves sleeping quality while loud music harms sleep.
D.Both familiar and unfamiliar instrumental music can cause sleeping problems.
4.The passage is mainly about .
A.how instrumental music disturbs sleep
B.the possible negative effect of bedtime music
C.how people can improve their sleep quality
D.differences between music with and without lyrics
答案
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[语篇解读] 文章阐述了两项关于睡前音乐对睡眠质量的影响的研究,研究表明人们认
知中的睡前听音乐会对睡眠有帮助这个观念是不正确的。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,第一项研究的在线参与者需要报告他们的睡
眠质量、听音乐的频率和时间,以及他们对这如何影响睡眠的看法;根据第四段第一句可
知,第二项研究的参与者报告了他们在听音乐后的感受。由此可知,两项研究的参与者都
需要提供关于睡前音乐的反馈,故选D。
2.A 推测词义题。根据第四段中画线词所在句以及前文对研究的描述可推知,乐器版本
的音乐更容易引起这些从睡梦中醒来以及其他睡眠中断。由此可推知,画线单词与A项
(导致)含义一致。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章中两项研究的结果以及最后一段最后三句可知,第二项研究
表明比起有歌词的音乐,熟悉的器乐会导致更严重的睡眠问题,原因可能在于人们会试着
给器乐填词。如果是这样,并不是所有器乐都会产生同样效果。但第一项研究表明器乐
带来的问题更严重。由此可推知,D项(熟悉和不熟悉的器乐都会导致睡眠问题)符合语
境。
4.B 主旨要义题。根据第一段前两句可知,人们睡前听音乐想要帮助睡眠,但结果可能
会恰恰相反。再结合后文给出的两项研究结果可知,B项(睡前音乐可能带来的负面影
响)是本文主要内容。
Passage 6
Making predictions gets in the way of the brain’s ability to remember the present
moment, new research suggests. The hippocampus, a brain structure usually associated with
remembering events, also uses experience to make forecasts (neuroscientists call this
“statistical learning”). But scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America have now demonstrated that the latter function can
influence the former.
Researchers showed participants a series of photographs on a screen without telling them that
some image categories always followed others: Mountains always came immediately after
beaches, for example. They were intended to subconsciously learn these associations and
begin to expect these pairings. Later, the participants were shown the same photos again,
mixed in with new examples, and were asked if they had spotted any of them before. They
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accurately recalled seeing random images at a much better rate than the predictive ones (like
the beach pictures).
The scientists repeated this process while scanning the participants’ brains with fMRI (功能
性磁共振成像). Each image category caused a distinct neural (神经的) activity pattern, and
the patterns for predictable categories were seen in the hippocampus when the corresponding
predictive category was displayed. Moreover, this effect’s strength in fMRI corresponded
inversely with the participants’ memory task scores. “The more evidence for prediction we
saw, the worse their memory was for those predictive items, such as a particular beach
scene,” says study lead author and Yale University cognitive (认知的) neuroscientist Brynn
Sherman. This suggests that predictive images caused the hippocampus to shift toward
prediction and away from encoding(把……编码) a new memory.
The study is among the first to demonstrate how making predictions affects human memory.
Scientists previously suspected that the hippocampus played a role in statistical learning but
did not know how it interacts with memory formation. “This paper is a really nice
demonstration of the balance where the hippocampus is doing both these things,” says
University of Virginia cognitive neuroscientist Nicole Long.
The team says this compromise occurs because remembering and predicting both use some of
the same biological pathways. In the paper, the authors compare it with using one’s right foot
to operate both the brake (刹车) and the gas pedal (油门) in a car, but not both at the same
time. “This system could prevent memory redundancy(冗余) and thus conserve brainpower,”
Sherman says.
“We still need further research,” Long says. “For instance, how much repetition is needed
before the hippocampus shifts from recording to predicting and whether it is possible to train
the structure to improve both modes at the same time.”
1.We can learn from the passage that .
A.predictive images stimulated memory formation
B.the hippocampus has nothing to do with predicting
C.researchers revealed how to balance predicting and remembering
D.the participants remembered random images more quickly and accurately
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2.What does the underlined word “inversely” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.In an opposite way.
B.Exactly.
C.In the same direction.
D.Closely.
3.Why does the author mention the brake and the gas pedal?
A.To present an accurate picture of how to drive a car.
B.To illustrate that predicting interacts with remembering.
C.To stress the difficulties of operating them at the same time.
D.To show the importance of using the same biological pathways.
4.Which would be the best title for this passage?
A.The Role of the Hippocampus within Memory
B.Predicting a Situation Benefits Memory Formation
C.Forecast or Remember: The Brain Must Choose One
D.Forecast and Remember: The Brain Can Do Both at the Same Time
答案
[语篇解读] 文章简要介绍了发生在大脑海马体中的预测和记忆两种大脑活动模式,指
出了两种活动模式之间会相互影响,并对这个影响进行了研究和说明。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的描述,尤其是第二段最后一句可知,D项(参与者能更
快更准确地记住随机图像)表述正确。
2.A 推测词义题。Brynn Sherman说的话“The more evidence for prediction we saw, the
worse their memory was for those predictive items, such as a particular beach scene”是对画
线词所在句进行解释说明。由此可推知,画线词与A项(以相反的方式)表达的意思一致。
3.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段前两句可推知,作者提到刹车和油门是为了证明预测
与记忆的关系正如刹车和油门的关系,不能同时触发。因此,B项(说明预测与记忆相互影
响)符合题意。
4.C 主旨要义题。由全文内容可知,大脑海马体中有预测和记忆两种大脑活动模式,两
种模式会相互影响,启动预测模式时会抑制记忆模式,启动记忆模式会影响预测模式。因
此,C项(预测或记住:大脑必须选择一个)符合文章大意。
Passage 7
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I needed to get some money so, after Christmas, I took a job in the clothes department at
Graham’s for the first fortnight of the January sales. I can’t say that I enjoyed it, but it was an
experience I’ll never forget.
I could never understand why there were so many things in the sales; where did they all come
from? Now I know the secret! Firstly, there is the special winter stock (存货) and the stock
that people buy all the year round; some of these things are slightly reduced. Secondly, there
are the summer clothes they couldn’t sell last year; these are heavily reduced to clear them.
Thirdly, there are cheap clothes bought in specially for the sales; these are put out at high
prices ten days before the sales begin and then are reduced by 60% in the sales. Clever!
Lastly, they buy in “seconds”(clothes not in perfect condition) for the sales and they are sold
very cheaply.
When I arrived half an hour before opening on the first day of the sales, there was already a
queue around three sides of the building. This made me very nervous.
When the big moment arrived to open the doors, the security guards, looking less confident
than usual, came up to them, keys in hand. The moment they had unlocked the doors, they hid
behind the doors for protection as the noisy crowd charged in. I couldn’t believe my eyes.
This wasn’t shopping;it was a battlefield! One poor lady couldn’t keep her feet and was
knocked over by people pushing from behind.
Clothes were flying in all directions as people searched for the sizes, colours and styles they
wanted. Quarrels broke out. Mothers were using their small children to crawl(爬行) through
people’s legs and get hold of things they couldn’t get near themselves.
Within minutes I had half a dozen people pushing clothes under my nose, each wanting to be
the first served. Where had the famous English queue gone? The whole day continued like
that, but I kept my temper(脾气)! I was taking money hand over fist and began to realize why,
twice a year, Graham’s were happy to turn their expensive store into a battlefield like this.
In the sale fever, people were spending money like water without thinking whether they
needed what they were buying. As long as it was a bargain it was OK.
You won’t believe this but as soon as I got home I crashed out for four hours. Then I had
dinner and went back to bed, fearing the sound of the alarm which would tell me to get ready
for the second day of the sales.
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1.What kind of clothes is likely to be sold 5% cheaper?
A.Last summer’s clothes.
B.Clothes not in perfect condition.
C.Clothes bought in specially for the sales.
D.Clothes for winter.
2.Which of the following statements is true?
A.The customers gave up the queuing for which the English are famous.
B.The customers kept their temper while looking for clothes they wanted.
C.Small children enjoyed crawling through people’s legs.
D.The security guards were fearless of the crowd.
3.In the author’s opinion, why were Graham’s happy to make their expensive store into a
“battlefield”?
A.There were too many clothes and they wanted to clear them in the sales.
B.They were eager to show that they were clever at doing business.
C.They could take the chance to raise the prices of all their clothes.
D.They wanted to make more money by having sales.
4.The expression “crashed out” means “ ”.
A.chatted with my friends
B.slept soundly
C.broke down
D.dined out
5.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.The Best Bargain
B.Hunting for a Job
C.Sale Fever
D.A Pleasant Fortnight
答案
1.D 推理判断题。第二段中列举了四类降价的物品及其降价幅度。根据“Firstly, there
is the special winter stock...are slightly reduced.”可知,冬装的降价幅度较小,会稍微便宜一
点。
2.A 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第二句话可知,如果人多的话人们就会放弃排队。
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3.D 推理判断题。根据文章描述可知,Graham’s使人们相信他们所卖的衣服便宜,许多
人来到商店竞相购买衣服,使整个商店变成了一个“战场”。他们这样做就是为了赚钱。
4.B 词义猜测题。根据下文可知,作者说自己害怕听到提醒自己明天还得继续像这样工
作的铃声,吃完饭后继续上床睡觉,由此推断crash out意为“熟睡”。
5.C 主旨大意题。作者在这篇文章中描写了人们疯狂购物的场面,所以这篇文章的标题
应是“购物热”。
Passage 8
“Do not get the idea that you’re anything special, because you’re not.” This is what the
English teacher David McCullough told graduating seniors at Wellesley High School.
Mothers and fathers present at the ceremony—and a whole lot of other parents across the
Internet—took issue with McCullough’s words. But there was something we really should be
taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they’re particularly talented
or not. In our eagerness to raise their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically
assess their own abilities. In fact, it’s not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to
view ourselves as above average. Therefore, it is of vital significance for us to learn and teach
our kids how to evaluate ourselves (themselves) objectively.
Inflated (膨胀的) self-judgments have been found in study after study, and it’s often exactly
when we’re least competent (有能力的) at a given task that we rate our performance most
generously. In a 2020 study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical
students who scored the lowest on an essay test were the most sympathetic in their self-
evaluations, while high-scoring students judged themselves much more strictly. Poor learners,
the authors note, “lack insight” into their own incapability. Why should this be so? Another
study, led by Cornell University psychologist David Dunning, offers an explanation. People
who are incapable, he writes, suffer from a “dual burden”: they’re not good at what they do,
and their incapability prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.
In Dunning’s study, subjects scoring at the bottom in tests of logic, grammar and humor
“extremely overestimated” their talents. Although their test scores put them in the 624th, they
guessed they were in the 12th. What these individuals lacked (in addition to clear logic,
proper grammar and a sense of humor) was the “meta cognitive skill” (元认知技巧): the
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ability to monitor how well (or badly) they’re performing. In the absence of that ability, the
subjects arrived at an overly hopeful view of their own abilities.
Fortunately, there are a couple of ways to cope with this problem. First, we can learn to make
honest comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you
yourself don’t possess it, and compare what you can do to what truly excellent individuals are
able to accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a
critic who will tell you not only how poorly you’re doing, but just what it is that you’re doing
wrong. As Dunning notes, success indicates to us that everything went right, but failure is
more ambiguous: any number of things could have gone wrong. Use this feedback to figure
out exactly where and when you made a mistake.
If we adopt these strategies—and most importantly, teach them to our children—they won’t
need parents, or a graduation ceremony speaker, to tell them whether they’re special or not. If
they are, they’ll already know that they are. Or they’ll have a plan to get that way.
1.Which of the following best describes the parents’ attitude towards David McCullough’s
words?
A.Critical. B.Unknown.
C.Neutral. D.Supportive.
2.The author thinks the problem that shouldn’t be ignored is that .
A.we don’t know whether our young people are talented or not
B.young people can’t reasonably define themselves
C.no requirement is set up for young people to get better
D.we always tend to consider ourselves to be privileged
3.Which is NOT mentioned about poor learners according to the passage?
A.They lack the capacity to monitor how they are performing.
B.They usually give themselves high stores in self-evaluations.
C.They tend to be unable to know exactly how badly they perform.
D.They are intelligently incapable in tests and exams.
4.We can infer from the passage that those high-scoring students .
A.are not confident about their logic and grammar
B.tend to have overly hopeful view of their own abilities
C.don’t know how well they perform due to their strict self-judgment
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D.are more strict in their self-evaluations because of their proper meta cognitive skills
5.The strategies of becoming special suggest that .
A.the best way to recognize excellence is to study past success and failure
B.through comparison with others, one will know where and when he fails
C.we need internal honesty with ourselves and external honesty from others
D.neither parents nor a graduation ceremony speaker can tell whether one is special
6.Which can be the best title of this passage?
A.Special Or Not? Teach Kids To Figure It Out
B.Let’s Admit That We Are Not That Special
C.Tips On Making Ourselves More Special
D.Tell The Truth: Kids Overestimate Their Talents
答案
1.A 态度意图题。根据第一段中的“Mothers and fathers present at the ceremony—and a
whole lot of other parents across the Internet—took issue with McCullough’s words.”可知,家
长们对McCullough所说的话提出异议,故家长们持批判的态度。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But there was something we really should be taking
to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they’re particularly talented or not.”
可知,作者认为年轻人不能真实地判断自己的才能,不能合理地定义自己。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,糟糕的学习者对自己的表现给予慷慨的评价,不擅
长自己所做的事情,不知道自己的表现有多糟糕。A、B、C三项均有提及,故选D项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,成绩垫底的接受试验者因为缺乏元认知技巧,对自
己的能力过于充满希望。故而推出高分者拥有元认知技巧,更加严格地评价自己。
5.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“First, we can learn to...Second, seek out
feedback...that you’re doing wrong.”可知,通过诚实地评价自己及他人的反馈,可以变得更
加特别、更加卓越,所以我们需要的是自己对自己内在的诚实及对来自他人的外部的诚
实。
6.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句话及最后一句话可知,文章通过David McCullough
老师的话引入家长们的讨论:学生是否是特别的;然后介绍了研究表明,不管特不特别,我
们应该重视的是教孩子们如何客观地评价自己,故选A项。
Passage 9
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Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been widely applied in a national park in
Northwest China to track snow leopards inhabiting the region.
The AI-aided digital toolbox can automatically tell the species apart in the Qilian Mountain
National Park, Gansu province, from other wildlife, using images captured (捕捉) by infrared
cameras (红外相机). The technology, jointly developed by Chinese Internet giant Tencent,
the World Wild Fund for Nature and One Planet Foundation, can thus improve data
processing efficiency.
Located at around 3,500 meters above sea level, the Qilian Mountains with vast stretches of
bare rocks reaching from the grass provide a favorable hideaway shelter for the snow
leopards.
Though more than 200 cameras have been put in the region, sorting out relevant information
had not been easy for researchers.
“For conducting further studies on the population, distribution and activities of the snow
leopards, a flagship species in the region, the cameras would capture hundreds of thousands
of video clips and photos every quarter,” said Ma Duifang with the administration bureau of
the park’s Gansu section.
“Even a slight movement in the environment, such as a mild breeze blowing over the grass,
can activate the cameras. Sometimes, curious wildlife bumps into the device triggering the
shutter (触发快门), and the cameras take pictures of mere clouds,” Ma added.
Ma and his colleagues had to go through each video frame by frame (逐帧地). The
information of species that appeared on the images also required human input, so it often took
them several weeks to complete such tasks.
Tencent’s engineering team has independently developed a species recognition algorithm (算
法) by means of transfer learning and automatic data enhancement. Thanks to AI technology,
researchers in the Qilian Mountain National Park no longer need to work like mad in search
of leopards hiding out in the wild.
“The forest police can now locate a snow leopard from 1,000 pictures in just about 20
minutes, much faster than before,” said Huang Xiangqi, one of the tech developers.
Snow leopards are under China’s highest national-level protection and are listed as vulnerable
(脆弱的) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
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In China, they can be spotted in cold areas in southwestern, northwestern, and northern
regions including Tibet, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Gansu and Inner Mongolia.
“We hope we can combine monitoring data with field investigation to help researchers
accurately identify the wild species so as to draw up a more specific plan for their protection,”
said Ma Yao, director of the project, hoping the digital toolbox can be used in more countries.
1.What could be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A.Infrared cameras can tell the species apart automatically.
B.AI technology can improve the quality of the infrared cameras.
C.AI technology has greatly improved the efficiency of identifying snow leopards.
D.Tencent helped develop infrared cameras for the Qilian Mountain National Park.
2.What is the purpose of placing so many cameras in the Qilian Mountain National Park?
A.To prove the existence of snow leopards.
B.To sort out the local wildlife.
C.To capture as much curious wildlife as possible.
D.To learn more about snow leopards.
3.What can be concluded from Paragraph 6?
A.The cameras mostly take pictures of clouds.
B.Many factors will affect the work of infrared cameras.
C.The cameras are only activated by curious wildlife.
D.The cameras are also used to monitor the weather.
4.What are the researchers’ attitudes towards the AI technology developed by Tencent?
A.Grateful. B.Wait-and-see.
C.Optimistic. D.Skeptical.
5.What could be the best title of the passage?
A.AI-aided Tech Developed for the Protection of Snow Leopards
B.AI Technology Used to Capture Snow Leopards
C.Infrared Cameras Placed to Track Snow Leopards
D.AI Technology Developed to Improve Data Processing Efficiency
答案
1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话可知,人工智能技术极大地提高了识别雪豹的效
率。
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2.D 态度意图题。根据第五段第一句话可知,在祁连山国家公园放置如此多的摄像头是
为了了解更多关于雪豹的信息。
3.B 主旨大意题。根据第六段可知,环境中轻微的移动以及野生动物等很多因素都会影
响摄像机的工作。
4.A 态度意图题。根据第八段第二句话可知,在腾讯公司开发的人工智能技术的帮助下,
研究人员不再需要拼命寻找野外的雪豹,所以研究人员对腾讯开发的人工智能技术持感
激的态度。
5.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段以及最后一段可知,文章主要介绍了人工智能辅助技术有
助于追踪雪豹,从而促进对雪豹的保护,所以A项适合作文章标题。
Passage 10
It’s no secret that spring is now starting earlier, but exactly how, why and where this is
happening are much more complex questions. Spending 50 years in observing some insects,
like aphids, moths and butterflies, as well as birds in the UK, a group of researchers, led by
Dr James Bell of the Rothamsted Insect Survey, have tried to answer some of these questions.
On the one hand, the results confirm current understanding. They reveal that aphids, moths
and butterflies are now flying much earlier than in the mid-20th century and that birds are
laying eggs earlier. However, this early awakening isn’t uniform across species and the
degree of change varies depending on the location and habitat. As a result, the researchers
have learned that wildlife may fail to match the life cycles of other species that they rely on
for food.
Some of this variation is related to differences in the species themselves—moths, which turn
from caterpillars to flying adults early in the year, seem to be more responsive to climate
change than those which change later. In other cases, the geographical location is key. Spring
activity generally occurs later in the north of the country, though the specifics vary from
species to species.
In addition, the study also finds that woodland habitats, which are thought to offer animals a
more stable climate, and which researchers hoped might present a “buffer (缓冲)” to climate
change, did not appear to do so. It is this finding in particular that concerns scientists. “We
should have seen some sort of buffer offered by the woodland that would protect wildlife
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against the rises in temperature, but actually we didn’t see that,” explains Dr Bell. “We have
to guess that even though woodlands have stable micro-climates, they too are advancing at the
same rate. Though the researchers will carry out further research to establish exactly why this
is the case, the all-along outcome is very clear: all species are now at greater risk than
previously thought.”
1.What did the researchers try to answer in their study?
A.Which species can sense spring very early?
B.Is spring coming much earlier now?
C.What is the detailed information about early spring?
D.What is people’s common understanding of early spring?
2.According to the researchers, what might be the result of early awakening?
A.The increased chance of insects being eaten.
B.The change in some birds’ egg-laying habits.
C.The loss of some species’ natural habitat.
D.The break in some wildlife’s food chain.
3.In Paragraph 3, the author mainly talks about .
A.the reasons for some species’ early awakening
B.species’ responses to climate change
C.the influences brought by early spring
D.the distribution of species in the UK
4.What do we know about the woodland habitats?
A.They’ve failed to work as expected.
B.They’re now in quite severe conditions.
C.They’ve been less affected by climate change.
D.They’re widely distributed throughout the UK.
5.What does Dr Bell think of the result of their research?
A.Desired. B.Worrying.
C.Beneficial. D.Encouraging.
答案
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,研究人员在他们的研究中试图说明关于提早到来的
春天的详细信息。
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2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知,研究人员了解到,这可能会导致一些野
生动植物的食物链断裂。
3.A 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Some of this variation is related to differences in the
species themselves...In other cases, the geographical location is key.”可知,作者主要谈论了
一些物种早醒的原因。
4.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句话可知,林地栖息地没有像预期的那样起作用。
5.B 态度意图题。根据最后一段中的“the all-along outcome is very clear: all species are
now at greater risk than previously thought”可知,贝尔博士认为他们的研究结果令人担心。
Passage 11
Wang Fang, a Suzhou native, has given her heart and soul to Kunqu Opera. Wang, who
has twice won the Plum Performance Award—China’s top award for theater and opera
performances—started to learn the traditional art form in 1977.
Born with a melodic voice, Wang loved to sing and dance when she was little. She performed
frequently, and was recruited by the Suzhou Kunqu Opera Troupe (剧团) when she was in
middle school. However, her parents refused the troupe’s invitation, insisting that she should
concentrate on her studies and not drop out of school. After members of the troupe visited the
parents repeatedly and showed great sincerity,Wang’s parents finally agreed.
Learning the traditional art form was never easy. She started to learn how to pronounce
words, sing them lyrically and make gestures gently. As an actress playing martial artist roles
at first, she had to spend extra time practicing kung fu movements. Years later, Wang used the
word “unimaginable” to describe how hard the days were when she first learned Kunqu. She
was soaked with sweat when practicing movements in summer, while in winter she often had
chilblains (冻疮) on her hands when training in shabby classrooms with broken windows.
“But I was young and determined at the time. No matter how difficult, I always got up early
the next morning to practice,” Wang recalls.
Wang says she did not love Kunqu at first, but in her early 20s,when she watched the show
Peony Pavilion performed by Zhang Jiqing, a master of the art form, it clicked. “I was
shocked,” Wang says. “Her every movement was full of elegance and delicacy. Each of her
lines and songs was perfect. I was overwhelmed by the beauty of Kunqu for the first time in
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my life, and it has stayed with me since.” Now, Wang has herself become a master of Kunqu.
Her performances have impressed generations and helped to promote the art form among
young people.
1.Why did Wang’s parents turn down the troupe’s invitation at first?
A.They didn’t think Wang had artistic talent.
B.They saw no future in learning Kunqu Opera.
C.They didn’t want Wang to ignore her studies.
D.They regarded members of the troupe as insincere.
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A.Wang has made great efforts to learn Kunqu well.
B.Artists should be given more attention and care.
C.Traditional culture needs to be further promoted.
D.Wang has played a key role in the development of Kunqu.
3.What changed Wang’s attitude towards Kunqu Opera?
A.Winning the Plum Performance Award.
B.Joining the Suzhou Kunqu Opera Troupe.
C.Watching Zhang’s masterly performances.
D.Being greatly admired by the audience.
4.What does Wang’s story show us?
A.It is never too late to learn.
B.Rome was not built in a day.
C.Doing is better than saying.
D.Don’t judge a book by its cover.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章介绍了两度摘得中国戏剧梅花奖的著名昆曲艺术家王
芳学习昆曲的艰苦历程。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句(上中学时,她不断参加演出,并被苏州昆曲剧
团录取。然而,她的父母拒绝了剧团的邀请,坚持认为她应该专注于学业,不应该辍学。)
可知,王芳的父母拒绝剧团邀请的原因是不想让她忽略了学业。
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2.A 主旨要义题。根据本段中心句,即第一句(学习传统艺术形式绝非易事。)以及下文
的描述可知,王芳为学好昆曲付出了巨大努力。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句(王芳说她开始并不喜欢昆曲,但是在她20出头
观看昆曲大师张继青表演的《牡丹亭》时,突然领悟了。)可知,王芳改变对昆曲的态度
是因为看了张继青精湛的表演。故选C。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第三段第四句(数年后,王芳用“无法想象”一词来描述刚开始
学习昆曲的日子有多么艰难。)和本段最后王芳说的话(但是那时候我年轻而且有毅力。
无论多么艰难,第二天我总是一大早起床练习昆曲。)可知,王芳的故事告诉我们“冰冻
三尺非一日之寒”的道理。故选B。
Passage 12
You are in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at
the sweater. You listen to the conversation.
“I can’t believe it—a Lorenzo Bertolla! They are almost impossible to find. Isn’t it beautiful?
And it’s a lot cheaper than the one Sara bought in Rome.”
They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater. It’s nice and the price is right.
You’ve never heard of Lorenzo Bertolla, but those girls look really stylish. They must know.
So you buy it. You never realize that those young women are employees of an advertising
agency. They are actually paid to go from store to store talking loudly about Lorenzo Bertolla
clothes.
Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating. If the person looks cool, the
product seems cool, too. This is the secret of undercover(暗中做的)marketing.
Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people who don’t pay attention to
traditional advertising. This is particularly true of the MTV generation—consumers between
the ages of 18 and 34. It is a golden group. They have a lot of money to spend, but they don’t
trust ads.
So advertising agencies hire young actors to “perform” in bars and other places where young
adults go. Some people might call this practice deceptive, but marketing executive Jonathan
Ressler calls it creative. “Look at the traditional advertising. Its effectiveness is decreasing.”
However, one might ask what “real” is exactly about if young women pretend to be
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enthusiastic about a sweater. Advertising executives would say it’s no less real than an ad.
The difference is that you know an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something. While you
don’t know when a conversation you overhear is just a performance.
1.In which section of a magazine is this text more likely to appear?
A.Fashion and Life.
B.History and Culture.
C.Marketing Management.
D.Science and Technology.
2.Why are the MTV generation called a golden group?
A.Because they are potential buyers.
B.Because they are excellent advertisers.
C.Because they are interested in traditional ads.
D.Because they get better paid than actors.
3.What’s Jonathan Ressler’s attitude towards undercover marketing?
A.Opposed. B.Supportive. C.Indifferent. D.Angry.
4.What’s the main idea of this text?
A.Young girls are fond of sweaters.
B.Traditional advertising is already out of date.
C.Advertising agencies tend to cheat in their ads.
D.Undercover marketing appeals to young people.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种新的营销形式——卧底营销。
1.C 推理判断题。文章介绍了一种新的营销形式——卧底营销,故文章可能会出现在
杂志的营销管理(Marketing Management)版块。
2.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句(他们有很多钱可以支配,但是他们不相信
广告。)可知,MTV一代之所以被称为黄金群体是因为他们都是潜在购买者。故选A。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句(有些人可能认为这种行为具有欺骗性,但营销
主管Jonathan Ressler认为它很有创造性。)可知,Jonathan Ressler对卧底营销持支持态度,
故选B。
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4.D 主旨要义题。根据第五段谈到的MTV一代是潜在购买者和最后一段第一句(所以
广告代理公司会雇用年轻演员到酒吧或其他年轻人常去的场所“表演”。)可知,D项
(卧底营销吸引年轻人)符合文章主旨。
Passage 13
What is the longest word in the English language? It would be truly shocking if you were
trying to type the longest word, as it isn’t really a word anyone uses at all. The word is:
pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary,
the 45-letter word is created to mean a disease occurring especially in miners.
But here’s the thing: That is not a term anyone—even a doctor—uses to describe an actual
condition. The word was likely made up by Everett K. Smith in the 1930s, when he was
president of the National Puzzler’s League, a group that loved crosswords and, by extension,
words themselves. Smith intended to create the longest word by mimicking (模仿) medical
terms,even if there wasn’t actually a disease to attach the word to. He just made up the entire
thing for fun.
Here are some other examples. Some record-setting English words are the longest in a
particular aspect. “Uncopyrightable”, which refers to any work that cannot be copyrighted, is
the longest word in English without any repeating letters. Words like this are called
“isograms”. Then there’s the longest word made up of only vowels (元音) “euouae”, a term
that comes from music of the Middle Ages. On the other hand,you have the longest word
without any vowels, “tsktsk”. It’s an onomatopoeic (拟声的) word for the sound you make
when someone disappoints you.
Finally, you know there’s got to be a word to describe someone who makes a habit of using
long words. Surprisingly, it’s only kind of long itself: “sesquipedalian”.
1.What do we know about the longest English word according to Paragraph 1?
A.It is popular in English.
B.It is used only by miners.
C.It is convenient to type.
D.It is taken in by a dictionary.
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
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A.The meaning of the longest word.
B.The person making up the word.
C.The creation of the longest word.
D.The disease concerning the word.
3.What is the common characteristic of the longest words mentioned in the text?
A.They use the maximum vowels.
B.They convey particular emotions.
C.They are coined by tradition.
D.They are created for pleasure.
4.Where is the text probably taken from?
A.A magazine. B.A guidebook.
C.A travel brochure. D.A news report.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了英语中最长单词的相关情况。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,该单词被收录到了韦氏词典之中,故选
D。
2.C 主旨要义题。根据第二段第二句(该单词很有可能是由Everett K. Smith在20世纪
30年代创造……)和第四句(他创造这个单词只是为了好玩。)可知,该段主要讲了最长单
词的创造过程。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。由第三段第一句(这里还有一些其他例子。)承接上一段最后一句(他
创造这个单词只是为了好玩。)可知,这些最长单词的创造都是为了娱乐。故选D。for
pleasure与for fun意思相近。
4.A 推理判断题。文章介绍的是英语中最长单词的相关情况,所以该文章不会出现在旅
游指南(guidebook)、旅行手册(travel brochure)或新闻报道(news report)中,而是很可能出
现在杂志(magazine)中。故选A。
Passage 14
On Tuesday, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a series of new high-
producing crop varieties, including herbicide-tolerant (耐除草剂的) rice that can be directly
planted in the fields, cutting the huge expenses on water and farm workers.
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In India, the world’s biggest rice exporter, the traditional method of rice growing requires
farmers to grow seeds in nurseries, and then wait for 20 to 30 days before transplanting the
small plants by hand into the fields that are ankle-deep in water.
With the new seed varieties developed by the state-run Indian Agricultural Research Institute,
farmers only need to water the field once to moisten (使湿润) the soil before planting the rice.
Besides, the traditional method also uses a lot of water to control weeds as herbicides are
costly and often do not distinguish between the rice and the unwanted weeds.
Government scientists said the new rice varieties contained a gene that would allow farmers
to spray a common, inexpensive herbicide without worrying about any side effects. “Our
focus is very high on new seeds that can adapt to new conditions, especially in changing
climates,” Modi said.
Water conservation is likely to be the main attraction of the new rice varieties in India, where
farmers rely heavily on monsoon (季风) rains. The traditional method uses 3,000 to 5,000
liters of water to produce 1 kg of rice. The new varieties could cut water use by at least 50%
to 60%, farmers and government officials say. “For farmers like us, the main concern was the
management of water, and the new varieties take care of that concern,” said Ravindra Kajal,
who grows rice on his 9-acre farmland in the northern state of Haryana. India is also the
world’s biggest rice producer after China.
1.Which is the benefit of the new rice?
A.It can produce herbicide.
B.It can be planted in any field.
C.It needs a lot of water to grow.
D.It can save money for the farmers.
2.Why can farmers apply a common herbicide to the new rice?
A.The new rice contains herbicide itself.
B.The herbicide is suitable for all rice varieties.
C.Genes in the new rice can avoid harm from herbicide.
D.The herbicide can distinguish the rice from the weeds.
3.What plays an important role in rice-planting in India?
A.Water. B.Temperature.
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C.Wind. D.Sunlight.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.India Launches New Herbicides
B.India Cuts Expenses on Farming
C.India Promotes New Rice Varieties
D.Farmers Appeal for New Rice Varieties
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为新闻报道。文章主要介绍印度推广新的高产水稻品种的相关情况。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段(周二,印度总理Narendra Modi推出了一系列新的高产作
物品种,包括可直接在田野种植的耐除草剂水稻,极大降低了用于水和农场工人方面的开
支。)可知,新水稻的好处在于为农民省了不少钱。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句(政府科学家说新的水稻品种包含一种基因,这种
基因允许农民喷洒普通的、廉价的除草剂而不用担心任何副作用。)可知,新的水稻含有
的基因可以避免除草剂带来的危害。故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一、二句(在印度,节水可能是新水稻品种的主要亮
点,在那里农民很大程度上依赖季风雨。传统方法每生产1千克水稻需要使用3,000至
5,000升水。)可知,在印度,水在水稻种植中起着至关重要的作用。
4.C 主旨要义题。根据全文中心句,即文章第一句可知,文章主要介绍印度推广新的高
产水稻品种的相关情况。故选C。
Passage 15
Next time you are struggling with the crossword, try putting the kettle on. Drinking a cup
of tea can improve creativity, a study suggests.
Researchers gave men and women either tea or water and then asked them to complete a word
association game, which was used to measure a form of creativity known as convergent
thinking (聚合思维).
In the game, the participants were given sets of words such as “same, tennis, head” and asked
to find a meaningful link between them. The answer, in this case, would be “match?”. After
analysing the results in a way that ruled out the potential effects of a person’s intelligence and
language ability, the researchers, from Peking University in China, found that those who
drank the tea performed significantly better in the word association game. The tea drinkers
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scored an average of 13.89 in the word association game compared with 12.94 for water
drinkers.
The researchers said it was not clear why tea has this beneficial effect. Tea contains caffeine
and theanine, which can improve attention, but the 100 participants in the study drank only a
small amount of tea—90ml, on average—and carried out the tests very soon after consuming
it, meaning any effect would have been ignored. “This result showed that the tea drinking
event itself—rather than the biological components of tea—played a positive role,” the
researchers said.
“Previous research has found that people tend to associate tea drinking with a specific set of
personality traits, such as smart, creative, elegant, confident, and stable. It may be that when
participants are stimulated (刺激) by tea, the mental representation of a tea drinker is also
activated, and they unconsciously think that they should be smarter and more creative,” they
added. “Future research should focus on specific mechanisms (机制) and clarify which
variables moderate the impact of tea consumption on convergent thinking.”
1.What did the participants have to do in the study?
A.Pair the words with each other.
B.Guess the meaning of the words.
C.Find a connection between the words.
D.Tell the differences among the words.
2.What helped a participant get a higher score according to the researchers?
A.The action of drinking tea itself.
B.The participant’s intelligence.
C.The participant’s language ability.
D.The biological components of tea.
3.What can be inferred from the previous research?
A.Drinking tea makes people more active.
B.Drinking tea is popular among the youth.
C.People tend to drink tea more than before.
D.People drinking tea are often thought smart.
4.Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
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A.Drinking Tea Is Good for Health
B.Drinking Tea Is a Popular Trend
C.Drinking Tea Makes for Creativity
D.Drinking Tea Matters a Lot in Life
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。研究表明,喝茶可以提升创造力。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句(在游戏中,会提供给参与者数组单词,比如“相同
的、网球、头”,然后要求参与者找到这些单词之间的一种有意义的联系。)可知C项正
确。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句(研究人员说:“这项结果表明,发挥积极作用的
是饮茶事件本身,而不是茶叶的生物成分。”)可知,是喝茶行为本身帮助参与者得了更
高的分数,故选A。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段开头(以往的研究发现,人们倾向于把饮茶和特定的一
系列性格特征联系起来,比如聪明的、有创造力的、优雅的、自信的、稳重的)可知,D项
(饮茶的人通常被认为是聪明的)正确。
4.C 主旨要义题。根据文章中心句,即第一段第二句(研究表明,喝一杯茶可以提升创造
力。)可知C项(喝茶促进创造力)正确。
Passage 16
Britain is launching the world’s largest ever clinical trial of the Galleri test, which picks
up pieces of genetic code from DNA before symptoms such as lumps (肿块) appear. The test
is a game-changer for early cancer detection, which can detect more than 50 types of the
disease in the very early stages. It has been developed by GRAIL, a health care company
focusing on early cancer detection.
The National Health Service (NHS) chief executive Amanda Pritchard said, “This quick and
simple blood test could mark the beginning of a revolution in cancer detection and treatment
here and around the world. By finding cancer before signs and symptoms appear, we have the
best chance of treating it and we can give people the best chance of survival.”
The NHS has sent out invites across the country offering the test to 140,000 people aged 50 to
77 with no cancer symptoms. Another 6,000 with suspected signs have been offered to speed
up their diagnosis (诊断). Blood samples will be taken at mobile clinics in retail parks and
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community locations. Laboratory analysis produces a result in a fortnight’s time. Each test
costs ￡620 but the NHS has negotiated a discounted price. Half the participants will have
their blood screened with the Galleri test right away and samples from the rest will be stored
and tested in the future. This will allow scientists to compare the stage at which tumours (肿
瘤) are detected between the two groups.
“The Galleri test can not only detect a wide range of cancer types but can also predict where
the cancer is in the body with a high degree of accuracy. Earlier trial results showed it can
detect 68% of 12 deadly cancers,” Health Secretary Sajid Javid said. In England 56% of
cancers are diagnosed at stage one or two. The NHS aims to increase that to three quarters by
2028. If found early there are a broader range of treatment options available, which can be
curative and are often less aggressive.
1.What can be learned about the Galleri test?
A.It can spot early-stage cancers.
B.It has been developed by the NHS.
C.It is an effective cure for diseases.
D.It has been completed in Britain.
2.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A.The test is carried out free of charge.
B.The NHS has offered the test to people from home and abroad.
C.Some blood samples will be saved for future use.
D.The test results would come out the following night.
3.Why are Sajid Javid’s words mentioned in the last paragraph?
A.To explain the purpose of the NHS.
B.To prove the necessity of the test.
C.To show the testing process.
D.To stress the harm caused by cancer.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A.GRAIL Developed the Galleri Test
B.The NHS Found a Solution to Cancer
C.Britain Saved Money on Curing Cancer
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D.A Blood Test Helps Save Cancer Patients
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。英国正在推出世界上最大的癌症早期检测临床试验,使用
Galleri检测可以在症状出现之前检测出50多种类型的癌症,从而给人们提供最好的生存
机会。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句(该检测在改变早期癌症检查的规则,它可以在癌
症最初期检测出50多种类型的癌症。)可知A项(它可以识别早期癌症)正确。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句(参与者中一半的血样将直接用于Galleri检
测,另一半血样会被储存以备未来进行检测。)可推知C项(一些血样会被留出来以备未
来使用)正确。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段Sajid Javid所说的话可知,Galleri检测不仅范围广,而且
准确度高,从而证明了Galleri检测的必要性,故选B。
4.D 主旨要义题。根据第一段第一、二句可知,本文主要讲述英国正在推出世界上最大
的癌症早期检测临床试验,使用Galleri检测可以在症状出现之前检测出50多种类型的
癌症。故D项(一种血样检测帮助挽救癌症患者)符合本文主旨。
Passage 17
The head of the Virgin Hyperloop (超级高铁) transport system says the company aims
to begin carrying passengers by 2027.
The Virgin Hyperloop system is based on a technology called magnetic levitation (磁悬浮). It
uses magnetic fields to lift a vehicle off the ground a little and to push it forward.
Some high-speed trains also use this technology. But unlike trains, a Hyperloop is designed to
operate within tubes containing very little air. Electric force moves vehicles, called pods,
through the tubes at high speeds. The system offers nearly silent travel and reportedly releases
no carbon emissions.
The system’s pods are designed to move at much higher speeds, up to 1,200 kilometers per
hour. It says such a vehicle could complete a trip between New York and Washington, D.C.
in 30 minutes. That would be two times as fast as a jet flight and four times faster than a high-
speed train.
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The pods will seat 28 passengers and could be specially designed to travel long or short
distances, or to carry goods, the company said.
While the system is still in early development, it is predicted that commercial operations
could start as early as 2027. The Virgin Hyperloop is looking to first develop passenger
systems in India, where the transport system is overcrowded, and in Saudi Arabia, which
lacks infrastructure (基础设施).
It could be the first form of transportation in 100 years to revolutionize travel, as cars, trains
and airplanes did before. “It starts off with two people riding a Hyperloop. It ends with
hundreds of millions of people riding on a Hyperloop and that’s what the 2020s—the roaring
2020s—will be,” he added.
The Virgin Hyperloop has partners that include Virgin Group founder Richard Branson and
the port operations company DP World, which is owned by the Dubai government.
1.What’s the difference between a Hyperloop and a high-speed train?
A.A Hyperloop runs in a space with little air.
B.A high-speed train travels at a higher speed.
C.A Hyperloop uses magnetic levitation technology.
D.A high-speed train is more environment-friendly.
2.What advantage of a Hyperloop does the author mention in Paragraph 4?
A.Its size. B.Its speed.
C.Its safety. D.Its service.
3.What does the author think of the Hyperloop system?
A.It will take a long time to improve.
B.It will replace the traditional vehicles.
C.It will be a milestone for transportation.
D.It is only suitable for countries with heavy traffic.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.A Clean Form of Transportation Is on the Horizon
B.Traditional Transportation Will Face Great Challenges
C.High Technology Brings Great Convenience to Travel
D.The Hyperloop Plans to Start Carrying Passengers by 2027
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文为新闻报道。维珍超级高铁的创始人表示其超级高铁将会于2027年
实现旅客运输。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句(但是与火车不同的是,超级高铁被设计在空气含
量极低的管道中运行。)可知A项(超级高铁在低空气含量的空间中运行)正确。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“up to 1,200 kilometers per hour” “two times as fast
as a jet flight”“four times faster than a high-speed train”等信息可知,在本段中作者主要提到
了超级高铁的速度优势。故选B。
3.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句(正如之前的汽车、火车和飞机一样,超级高
铁可能会是100年来第一个彻底改变出行的交通运输形式。)可知,C项(它会是交通运输
的一座里程碑)正确。
4.D 主旨要义题。根据第一段,即本文中心句(维珍超级高铁的负责人表示公司的目标
是2027年实现旅客运输。)可知D项(超级高铁计划到2027年开始旅客运输)正确。
Passage 18
Astrid Poghosyan, a 28-year-old Armenian violinist, now working as a helper to the
president of the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra, a celebrated orchestra in a populous city in
China, has achieved her dream as a musician.
This summer, she has been busy making preparations for a series of in-person and online
music events and cultural exchange programs, including a music festival in Shanghai and a
live-streamed international violin competition. Poghosyan said she always puts all her energy
into the projects in which she is involved, whether they are offline or online events, as she
believes that every little effort will help her realize her music-related dreams.
Having studied and worked in China for 12 years, Poghosyan has now become a real China
hand. Such a multicultural background has certainly helped her excel at her current job.
“Poghosyan plays a very special role in our orchestra,” said Zhou Ping, president of the
orchestra. “She has lived in China for a long time and loves the Chinese culture, and she
knows how to use the advantage of a multicultural background in her work.”
For Poghosyan, the life she now leads is quite different from when she first came to China in
2009 to study violin at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music. Then just 16 years old,
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Poghosyan couldn’t speak a word of Chinese. “And my high-school-level English wasn’t of
much help at that time,” she said. “So I decided to learn Chinese to solve the communication
problem.”
As she gradually immersed (沉浸) herself in the Chinese language and culture, she also
started to make Chinese friends and explore the exciting city life of Shanghai. “Since I first
came to Shanghai, I have always been impressed by the kindness and friendliness of the
people here,” she said. “Their smiles have made me feel the warmth of the city.”
1.What does Poghosyan do in China at present?
A.A hostess of a music festival.
B.A president of an orchestra.
C.A judge of some music events.
D.An assistant of Zhou Ping.
2.Which can replace the underlined word “excel” in Paragraph 3?
A.Speed up. B.Show off.
C.Stand out. D.Settle down.
3.How does Zhou Ping feel about Poghosyan’s performance?
A.Disappointed.
B.Inspired.
C.Worried
D.Satisfied.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.An Armenian’s exciting academic life in Shanghai.
B.The advantage of a multicultural background in work.
C.An Armenian musician realizing her dream in China.
D.The love brought to an Armenian by Chinese people.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了上海交响乐团团长助理、来自亚美尼亚的
小提琴家Astrid Poghosyan在中国实现了当音乐家的梦想的故事。
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1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段内容(亚美尼亚的28岁的小提琴家Astrid Poghosyan现任
上海交响乐团团长助理……)和第三段第三句(乐团团长周平说:“Poghosyan在我们乐团中
扮演着十分特别的角色。”)可知,Astrid Poghosyan现任周平的助理。故选D。
2.C 猜测词义题。根据第三段最后两句(乐团团长周平说:“Poghosyan在我们乐团中扮
演着十分特别的角色。”“她已经在中国生活很久了,而且热爱中国文化。她知道如何
在工作中利用多元文化背景的优势。”)可知,多元文化背景使她在工作中出类拔萃。故
选C。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知,团长周平对Poghosyan的表现是满意的。
故选D。
4.C 主旨要义题。根据第一段,即本文中心句(亚美尼亚的28岁的小提琴家Astrid
Poghosyan现任上海交响乐团团长助理,那是在中国的一个人口密集的城市很著名的乐
团,她实现了自己当音乐家的梦想。)可知C项(亚美尼亚的音乐家在中国实现她的梦想)
正确。
Passage 19 话题:黑客 难度:中 词数:342
When asked what his father did for a living, Mike explained to his kindergarten teacher,
“He steals things, but it’s OK, because he gets paid to do it.”
He isn’t wrong. His father is a hacker(黑客), who is proud of his job, just like doctors are
proud of the work they do. Thanks to security researchers’ hacking practices, leaks in a new
version of the most common Wi-Fi code standard(WPA3) were found before criminals could
use them to break into home and business networks. In another case, criminals found an
unknown weakness in Google’s Android operating system before security researchers did,
giving the bad guys full control of more than a dozen phone models.
However, finding Mike’s father’s personalized plates for his car with the word“HACKING”,
an employee of the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles quickly took them away, claiming
that a license plate displaying“HACKING”publicized criminal activities. While this reaction
really isn’t the fault of the well-intentioned employee, it’s a sign of how a deeply rooted
misrepresentation of his profession has created a fixed wrong image. It seems that the way
that hackers are described in Hollywood has contributed to the word
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“hacker”paralleling“criminal”, where hackers are often referred to as figures in dark rooms
engaging in illegal activities while tapping at keyboards.
But actually,hacking is just an activity. What separates any activity from a crime is, very
often, permission. People are free to drive, but they do not have permission to drive 150 miles
per hour, which is a criminal offense. Since a driver is just a driver, why must a hacker be a
criminal?Someone who engages in the illegal use of hacking should not be called a “bad
hacker” but a “cybercriminal”. Contrary to popular belief, most hackers like Mike’s father
undoubtedly play an important role in keeping companies and people safe.
1.What did Mike think of his father’s job?
A.Admirable. B.Amazing.
C.Acceptable. D.Annoying.
2.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about concerning the hackers’ job?
A.Its weakness. B.Its importance.
C.Its variety. D.Its security.
3.Why does the writer mention “Hollywood” in paragraph 3?
A.To entertain the readers.
B.To question the employee’s claim.
C.To clarify the concept of hacking.
D.To trace the wrong image of hackers.
4.What message does the author really want to convey in the text?
A.Hacking mostly counts.
B.Hacking is actually a crime.
C.Hacking is popular with people.
D.Hacking needs licenses.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,介绍了人们对黑客的误解和黑客这一职业的重要性。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “steals”“it’s OK”和“he gets paid to do it”可推断出
Mike认为他父亲的工作虽然是“偷东西”,但可以接受,因为可以得到薪水,故选C项。
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2.B 推理判断题。第二段中列举的第一个例子(黑客在犯罪分子攻击网络之前发现了漏
洞)从正面说明了黑客工作的重要性,第二个例子(犯罪分子先于安全研究人员发现了谷
歌的安卓操作系统的弱点)从侧面说明了黑客工作的重要性,故选B项。
3.D 推理判断题。好莱坞总是把黑客呈现为黑暗房间里用电脑犯罪的人物形象,导致了
人们对黑客的误解。由此推断第三段提到“Hollywood”是为了追溯为什么人们对黑客
有误解。
4.A 主旨大意题。本文作者主要是为了说明大多数像Mike的父亲一样从事黑客这一
职业的人可以保障人们和公司的安全,即黑客很重要。
Passage 20 话题:人与自然 难度:中 词数:282
In an hours-long struggle, as many as 70 killer whales hunted down and killed a blue
whale off the southwestern coast of Australia.
At first, it seemed like a normal day of whale watching, said Kristy Brown, a marine
biologist. People on the boat happened to spot two groups of killer whales in Bremer Bay
Canyon, about 28 miles off the coast. They were “playing and surfing the waves,” Brown
wrote in a blog post. But soon, people on the boat noticed that the killers were creating non-
uniform waves. This was strange. Then there arose a long, high blow that stayed in the air. It
was a blue whale.
Even though the blue whale was nearly twice the length of the largest killer whale, which can
grow to about 31 feet long, it couldn’t shake off its pursuers. “It was completely surrounded
by killer whales as it swam,” Brown wrote in the blog. Moreover, the killers didn’t appear to
rush the hunt, but instead were strategic, thoughtful, collaborative, patient and persistent.
Multiple killers were on the animal, pushing roughly against it and swimming fast, beside and
under it, while others just follow and rest along and beside the hunt, nearly 200m back. It
seemed that “tiring the blue whale out was their goal,” she noted.
Unlike the blue whale, killers have teeth, a weapon they used to chomp(咬)down on this blue
whale’s jaw. “As the blue whale spun and turned, the killers held on—they wanted its
tongue,” Brown said. After hours of this fierce hunt, the blue whale succumbed to its
attackers and the killers divided up the blue whale and shared with all involved in the depths
below.
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1.What made Brown realize the killer whales were unusual?
A.The waves they made.
B.The fountain they made.
C.The direction they headed in.
D.The number of killer whales.
2.What do we know from the third paragraph?
A.Blue whales are too large to be killed.
B.Killer whales are experienced hunters.
C.Killer whales swim slower than blue whales.
D.A blue whale is twice the weight of a killer whale.
3.What is described in paragraph 4?
A.The steps of the hunting.
B.The cruelty of the hunting.
C.The scene of the hunting.
D.The preparation of the hunting.
4.What is the probable meaning of the underlined part “succumbed to” in the last paragraph?
A.Got rid of.
B.Gave in to.
C.Made up for.
D.Made room for.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了海洋生物学家Kristy Brown观察到的一次虎鲸
捕杀蓝鲸的故事。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But soon, people on the boat noticed that the killers
were creating non-uniform waves.”可知,Brown和船上人员是根据虎鲸制造的波浪判断情
况有异常的。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Moreover, the killers didn’t appear to rush the hunt, but
instead were strategic, thoughtful, collaborative, patient and persistent.”可知,虎鲸是非常老
练的猎手。
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3.C 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的关键信息“pushing roughly against it and swimming
fast, beside and under it, while others just follow and rest along and beside the hunt, nearly
200m back...tiring the blue whale out was their goal”可知,本段主要描述了虎鲸捕猎的场景。
4.B 推测词义题。根据下文“the killers divided up the blue whale and shared with all
involved in the depths below”可知,蓝鲸被虎鲸分割,并被分享了。所以画线部分应该是蓝
鲸放弃挣扎,屈服于虎鲸。故选B项。
Passage 21话题:人物故事 难度:中 词数:311
Glenn Cunningham, “the Kansas Ironman”, was an American middle-distance runner,
and was considered the greatest American miler of all time.
Glenn was born in Kansas on August 4, 1909.At 8, Glenn was badly burned in an accidental
fire in their schoolhouse. The little boy did survive after a long battle, though doctors told his
mother that he was sure to die. Unfortunately, from his waist down, he had no motor ability.
But with his iron persistence and determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to
walk and then to run.
By the time he was 12, he had beaten all the local high school runners. His legs remained
deeply scarred, however. Throughout his life, he would have to spend time doing long warm-
up exercises in order to maintain circulation. In addition, his injuries meant that he could
never run smoothly or efficiently.
When in university, he ran for the university track team and won his first big race, the 1932
NCAA 1,500 meters. That summer, he was selected for the U.S. Olympic track team and
came in fourth in the 1,500-meter race in the Olympic Games. In 1933, he won the AAU 800
meters. Overall, he ran 20 races during that summer. That year, the first year he was called
“Ironman”.
Although Glenn might have used his name as a star athlete to make a great deal of money, he
was more interested in helping others. He and his wife opened the Glenn Cunningham Youth
Ranch and raised over 10,000 foster children over three decades.
Throughout his life, Glenn won many awards including the James E. Sullivan Memorial
Award. He was also elected to the National Track and Field Hall of Fame. As an example of
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the power of positive thinking and faith in one’s self, Glenn continues to be an inspiration for
many.
1.What helped Glenn regain the ability to walk?
A.His strong will.
B.His mother’s support.
C.His great desire to win races.
D.Medical treatment from doctors.
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.How Glenn beat other high school runners.
B.What effects the accident had on Glenn.
C.Why warm-up exercises were necessary.
D.Why Glenn could recover from the injuries.
3.Why did Glenn get the name “Ironman”?
A.He competed in many races in a single year.
B.He won the championship in the Olympics.
C.He got the strongest body in the track team.
D.He wore a pair of iron sports shoes in games.
4.Which of the following can best describe Glenn?
A.Caring and determined.
B.Warm-hearted and energetic.
C.Hard-working and ambitious.
D.Well-educated and optimistic.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Glenn Cunningham在意外中失去了行动
能力,但是凭借着钢铁般的毅力和决心,重获了站立、行走和奔跑的能力并取得成就的故
事。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But with his iron persistence and determination, he did
develop the ability to stand up, then to walk and then to run.”可知,Glenn的坚强意志帮助他
恢复了行走的能力。
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2.B 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的关键信息“His legs remained deeply scarred” “have to
spend time doing long warm-up exercises” “could never run smoothly or efficiently”可知,第
三段主要讲了事故对Glenn的影响。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Overall, he ran 20 races during that summer. That
year, the first year he was called ‘Ironman’.”可知,Glenn在一年中参加了许多比赛,所以得
到了“铁人”这个称号。
4.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“But with his iron persistence and determination”以及
倒数第二段“...he was more interested in helping others. He and his wife opened the Glenn
Cunningham Youth Ranch and raised over 10,000 foster children over three decades.”可推知,
Glenn既有爱心又有决心。
Passage 22 话题:人物故事 难度:中 词数:348
Marty Verel, a 59-year-old kidney transplant patient in Ohio, should have been near the
top of the list to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Yet like millions of others, he wasn’t having
any luck. Marty and his wife, Nancy Verel, would sit with computers on their laps trying for
hours to book an appointment on different sites, all of which were complex. “I felt hopeless,”
Nancy says.
Then Nancy heard about Marla Zwinggi, a 40-year-old mom of three who was spending up to
ten hours a day online trying to secure appointments for vulnerable individuals. As a result,
Nancy messaged Marla on Facebook: “Can you help?” Twenty-five minutes later, Marla
responded by asking for Marty’s legal name, date of birth, and other information. Nine
minutes after getting the information, Marla reported back—Marty had an appointment.
Marla’s vaccine hunting started on February 1, when she learned that her parents—her father
has leukemia (白血病) and her mother is a breast cancer survivor with a heart condition—
were unable to get appointments themselves. She hated that they had to wait. Clicking around
on vaccine registration sites, Marla discovered just how difficult it was to book an
appointment. “It was like trying to get a World Series ticket,” she says.
She applied strategies that web insiders are familiar with (keeping multiple browsers open,
refreshing sites every 20 seconds, erasing cookies) and added a few of her special skills. “I’m
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determined. I drink a lot of coffee, and I’m a fast typer,” she says. Soon enough, Marla had
secured appointments for her parents. “I felt like a rock star,” she says.
Marla decided that helping others would be her way of giving back. “I feel like I need to will
us out of this pandemic (大流行病),” she says. On February 10, she logged on to Facebook to
let people know that she was assisting with bookings. By March 2, she’d secured
appointments for 400 seniors.
1.Why did Nancy and Marty fail to make an appointment themselves?
A.They had no access to the websites.
B.Too many people applied at the same time.
C.They were not among the first seniors to be vaccinated.
D.The registration sites were too difficult for them.
2.Why Marla started her vaccine hunting in the first place?
A.To help old people.
B.To provide guidance for Nancy.
C.To assist her sick parents.
D.To give back to society.
3.Which of the following words best describe Marla?
A.Helpful and skillful.
B.Reliable and humorous.
C.Confident and generous.
D.Ambitious and cooperative.
4.What’s the passage mainly about?
A.An effective way to book a vaccination appointment online.
B.An old couple’s trouble during the pandemic.
C.A reason why it is difficult to book an appointment.
D.A woman’s special way of giving back during the pandemic.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。Marla在疫情期间通过网络帮助别人进行疫苗预约,回
报社会。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段“...all of which were complex. ‘I felt hopeless,’ Nancy
says.”可知,Marty 和他的妻子Nancy预约失败的原因是这些网站都很复杂。
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2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Marla’s vaccine hunting started on February 1...her
father has leukemia (白血病) and her mother is a breast cancer survivor with a heart condition
—were unable to get appointments themselves. She hated that they had to wait.”可知,Marla
最初是为了帮助生病的父母,不愿其等待才开始预约疫苗。
3.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后两句可知,到3月2号为止,她已经帮助了很多人。因
此她是乐于助人的(helpful)。根据倒数第二段中“She applied strategies that web insiders
are familiar with...added a few of her special skills.”可知,她是有技巧的(skillful)。
4.D 主旨大意题。本文讲述的是Marla在帮父母进行线上疫苗预约时,切身感受到预约
的困难,从而意识到在疫情期间,她可以利用自身的电脑技能去帮助其他人进行线上预约,
这也是一种回报社会的方式。最后一段的“Marla decided that helping others would be
her way of giving back.”是对全文的总结和升华。故选D项。
Passage 23 话题:友谊 难度:中 词数:332
“I’ll be there in a few minutes. I’m playing a game with a friend, a guy named
Scuzball,” my 15-year-old son shouted from his room. “Oh, what is Scuzball’s real name?” I
asked. “I have no idea,” he said. “Where is he from?” I continued. He responded, “I think
somewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it doesn’t even matter because Scuzball just left the game
and he has been replaced with a robot.”
“Your friend is replaced by artificial intelligence?” “It doesn’t matter, Dad. It happens all the
time! The game continues.” My son doesn’t mind playing with a person or a robot, which is
typical of gamers these days. I wonder whether the face-to-face experience of friendship that I
grew up with will be lost by our children.
Aristotle, a great thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily
formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds are fragile. Deep friendship, by
contrast, is when you care for your friend for his sake, not for any benefit you can get. This is
selfless friendship. You can have only a couple of these friends because they require lots of
time and effort. You must make sacrifices for each other.
Presence in friendship requires “being with” and “doing for”. Perhaps the most defining
feature of deep friendship is “doing for”, as my friend backs me up when I’m in trouble or
brings me soup when I’m sick. Only strong bonds have the power to motivate real sacrifices.
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But it is unclear whether online “friends” would bother to do the hard work of friendship.
When I asked my students whether they had people in their lives who would bring them soup
when they were sick, they laughed at my Stone Age question and said they’d just order soup
online.
Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in the case of
friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital life
produces false friendships.
1.How does the author bring up the topic of the text?
A.By quoting mottos.
B.By presenting a conversation.
C.By introducing a game.
D.By showing robots’ data storage.
2.What does the author mainly explain in paragraph 3?
A.Selfish friendship.
B.Selfless sacrifices in life.
C.The formation of shallow friendship.
D.The meaning of deep friendship.
3.What does the author want to tell his students in paragraph 4?
A.Strong bonds are formed easily.
B.Ordering food online is convenient.
C.Robots will back us up.
D.Virtual friends won’t make real sacrifices.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.Digitalized friendship.
B.The benefits of digital life.
C.Face-to-face communication.
D.The sacrifices of online friends.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是议论文。文章主要论述了现在的友谊变得数字化,失去了原来的面
对面友谊的意义。
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1.B 推理判断题。根据文章前两段可知,作者通过呈现他和儿子的对话来引出文章的话
题。
2.D 主旨大意题。根据第三段关键句“Deep friendship, by contrast, is when you care for
your friend for his sake, not for any benefit you can get. This is selfless friendship.”可知,该段
主要解释了深厚友谊的含义。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“But it is unclear whether online‘friends’would
bother to do the hard work of friendship.”可知,作者主要想告诉他的学生,网上的朋友不会
做出真正的牺牲,他们无法在你遇到困难的时候给予你支持和帮助。
4.A 主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章最后一段可知,本文主要论述了现在的友谊变得
数字化,失去了原来的面对面友谊的意义这一观点。故选A项。
Passage 24 话题:科学与技术 难度:难 词数:321
With smart technology increasingly influencing all aspects of our lives, it is only a
matter of time before someone invents smart shoes—ones that can be made based on personal
needs. Called “ShiftWear”, the sneakers are the brainchild of a team of businessmen, and
engineers led by New York-based designer David Coelho.
The adaptable shoes can be customized by using a smart phone app. Shoe owners will have
the option of selecting a design from a variety of HD patterns by famous artists or creating
one themselves. The company’s founders imagine the marketplace where artists can not only
share but also sell their designs to others. Despite being electronic, the designs are clearly
visible even in the brightest sunlight. What’s even cooler is that by switching on backlight,
users can even show off their designs in the dark!
According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge forever if only images are displayed.
Though they will need periodic recharging, active users have nothing to worry about. That’s
because the shoes are equipped with special Walk-to-Charge technology that powers the
shoes with every step. Inactive users also have options of charging the sneakers without using
wires.
The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fiber, a kind of strong material, reducing
normal wear and tear. Even better, they are completely waterproof and can even be thrown
into an ordinary washing machine for a quick wash! The company predicts that the shoes will
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range in price from $150 to $1,000 depending on the size of the e-panels where the designs
are displayed.
This is not the first time that electronics and shoes have combined. Lithuania-based iShuh
Technologies has come up with a similar concept that connects e-reader panels to a smart
phone app via Bluetooth. Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices
remains to be seen though they surely are attractive.
1.What can we know about the smart shoes from the text?
A.The electronic designs cannot be seen clearly at night.
B.The bottom part of the shoes can last longer due to a special material.
C.The designers make sure every pair of sneakers is unique.
D.The shoes have to be washed by hand to protect the electronics.
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.What images the sneakers show.
B.How the sneakers can work well.
C.How the sneakers are charged.
D.What technology the sneakers carry.
3.The varied prices of the sneakers mainly depend on .
A.the length of the shoes
B.the material of their bottoms
C.the designers of the shoes
D.the size of their e-panels
4.How does the author feel about the sneakers’ future market?
A.Negative. B.Uncertain.
C.Anxious. D.Confident.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了智能鞋及其背后的充电技术和市场前景。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第四段的“The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar
fiber, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear.”可知,这种智能鞋的底部由
特殊材料制成,经久耐磨。
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2.C 主旨大意题。根据第三段关键信息“According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep
their charge forever if only images are displayed.”以及“That’s because the shoes are
equipped with special Walk-to-Charge technology that powers the shoes with every step.
Inactive users also have options of charging the sneakers without using wires.”可知,第三段
主要介绍了这种智能鞋是如何充电的。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The company predicts that the shoes will range in price
from $150 to $1,000 depending on the size of the e-panels”可知,鞋子的价格取决于电子面
板的大小。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our
smart devices remains to be seen”可知,作者对于智能鞋的未来的销售情况是不确定的。
Passage 25话题:环境保护 难度:中 词数:314
We’re often reminded of the importance of preserving the planet for future generations
—and children at St Oswald’s Primary School in Chester certainly agree.
Nine-year-old Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds Class thinks adults need to
take note. “Sometimes they can be busy and I don’t think they think they can make a
difference, but if everyone does a little bit it all adds up,”she tells HuffPost UK. “We started
looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags and pieces of plastic
that are polluting them.”she says. “Fish can eat the plastic and they can die, or we might even
eat the fish ourselves.”
Mr Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets
children act creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly.The
entire Hummingbirds Class, which is made up of 9 and 10-year-old pupils, has been busy
writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of
our oceans and wildlife.
Mr Timms thinks children have an important role to play in teaching us how to take care of
the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much we can really learn from children.”
he says. “It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children
have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle more, and even stopping them
using plastic straws.”
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Mr Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds Class. “The message that they would like to send to
the world is simple:Stopping this isn’t someone else’s job, and it won’t be OK if we just leave
it.”
1.What can we infer about adults according to Isobel Kelleher?
A.They just pretend to be busy.
B.They haven’t done their part well.
C.They can do nothing to stop pollution.
D.They have started to care about oceans.
2.What is the purpose of the school project?
A.To help adults to learn more about their kids.
B.To remind adults to be friendly to the environment.
C.To persuade students to stop using plastic bags.
D.To teach students how to write poems creatively.
3.Why does Mr Timms mention “parents” in Paragraph 4?
A.To prove kids are creative in teaching.
B.To attract people to support his work.
C.To have adults care about education.
D.To show the effects of the project.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.An inspiring school project.
B.An appeal to stop plastic bags.
C.Serious situations of our planet.
D.Adults’ ignorance of the environment.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了一所小学的老师带头开展了一个项目
——让孩子们发挥创造力提醒人们增强环保的意识。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Sometimes they can be busy and I don’t think they
think they can make a difference, but if everyone does a little bit it all adds up,”she tells
HuffPost UK.可知, Isobel Kelleher认为大人们在保护地球方面并没有做好自己的那份工
作。
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2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的which lets children act creatively to raise awareness of
the need to be more environmentally friendly可知,这个项目的目的是让孩子们发挥创造力
提醒大人们注意环保。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Mr Timms thinks children have an important role to
play in teaching us how to take care of the things around us.可知,Timms认为孩子在教我们
如何爱护周围的事物上起重要作用,紧接着提到家长说孩子们让他们停止使用塑料、让
他们多回收利用就是为了证明这个项目的影响。
4.A 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一所小学的老师带头开展了一个项目——让孩子们
发挥创造力提醒人们增强环保的意识。
Passage 26 话题:人物故事 难度:中 词数:345
On the outside, 12-year-old Luna seems like your average kid. It’s not until you get to
know her that you learn that Luna is anything but average.
Born with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrocardia, Luna has had three open-heart operations
and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion. But when Luna was approached by
athletic shoe company Saucony to design a shoe for sale across the country, it came as quite a
surprise.
“This is so incredible. I got to use my art and creativity for something new that I’d never
thought I’d be able to design,” Luna says. She is one of the six patients from Boston
Children’s Hospital (BCH) who have partnered with Saucony to design their own shoe to
launch the Shoes with Soul campaign.
“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would
raise not only money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that’s being done
at BCH,” says Chris, Saucony’s vice president. “Specifically, we wanted to give some of the
BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world.”
Luna’s design is fashion. “On the tongue, they digitalized one of my drawings, and then on
the bottom it’s a really bright pink color, and on the inside, the sole of the shoe is actually
another drawing I did of a sunset,” she says. “Thinking about kids everywhere around the
world wearing my shoe is amazing. It blows my mind.”
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The income from the shoe sales will benefit the Boston Children’s Hospital Cardiac Fitness
Program, which encourages kids to “find your possible” through personalized exercise
programs tailored for each individual patient’s heart condition.
“It feels really good to help people and it’s really something I can relate to,” says Luna. “The
advice I would give a kid or someone like me is never give up. There are a lot of kids out
there with your condition and you’re not alone.”
1.What can we learn from Chris’ words?
A.It’s unwise to raise money.
B.It’s optional to seek donations.
C.It’s wonderful to study art.
D.It’s necessary to show kids’ talents.
2.What does Luna mean by “It blows my mind” in paragraph 5?
A.I’m overjoyed.
B.I’m very serious.
C.My mind goes blank.
D.My mind is racing.
3.Which of the following best describes Luna?
A.Gifted and determined.
B.Generous and serious.
C.Grateful and helpful.
D.Creative and sensitive.
4.What is the text mainly intended to do?
A.Tell us a story of a sick girl.
B.Set a good example to the sick.
C.Launch Saucony’s new brand shoes.
D.Introduce a campaign with kid patients.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个有着先天性心脏缺陷的12岁孩
子Luna没有选择放弃,而是与Saucony公司合作,用自己的艺术天赋和坚持,设计出了自
己的鞋子,最终通过一项活动来帮助其他患有疾病的人。
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1.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段的Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH
kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world.可知,展示孩子的才能
是必要的。
2.A 推测词义题。根据文章第五段Luna的话Thinking about kids everywhere around the
world wearing my shoe is amazing.可找到关键词amazing,表示“惊人的,了不起的”,由此
可知,Luna觉得世界各地的孩子穿上她设计的鞋子,是一件令她惊喜的事。因此推断“It
blows my mind”表明Luna是极为高兴的。
3.A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的I got to use my art and creativity for something new
以及第四段的share their story and their talents可以看出Luna是有天赋的(gifted)。根据
文章第二段的Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests
in art and fashion可以看出Luna是意志坚定的(determined)。
4.D 主旨大意题。全文围绕 “Luna是如何参与到这个活动的”“这个活动有什么内
容”“活动的目的是什么”“活动有什么重要意义”以及“Luna想通过这个活动传递
什么”来讲述。由此推断介绍一项儿童患者参与的活动是文章的写作目的。
Passage 27话题:体育健康 难度:中 词数:286
Heads up!Across the country, sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes.
Now, the American Medical Association(AMA)has a new set of guidelines aimed at
protecting players from the danger of concussions—serious injuries caused by a blow to the
head.
“By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring that
appropriate guidelines are in place, we can reduce the number of young athletes who may
return to the game too soon, which can put their health at further risk,”said AMA Board
Member Jack Resneck Jr.,MD, in a statement.
The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field
as soon as possible. Then, they can only be allowed to return to their sport with a doctor’s
written approval. The policy also sets age-specific rules for health care professionals and
athletic organizations in evaluating and caring for concussions.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), a concussion is a type of
traumatic(创伤的)brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or hit to the body
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that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. This type of movement can
cause the brain to bounce or twist inside the skull(颅骨). It can damage brain cells and create
chemical changes in the brain.
The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused by
sports and recreation-related activities occur in the U.S. every year. A study from the Center
for Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40% of high school athletes return to
playing before they should. The AMA’s new guidelines should help to bring those numbers
down.
1.Why does the AMA set the new guidelines?
A.To raise safety standards of sports.
B.To protect athletes from concussions.
C.To set rules for health care evaluation.
D.To help players return to the game quickly.
2.What should young athletes who may have a concussion do?
A.Avoid using the head.
B.Leave the field forever.
C.Get medical treatment in time.
D.Switch to another sport.
3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.What a concussion is.
B.What causes damage to brain cells.
C.How the CDC works.
D.How a concussion can be prevented.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Rules for Safer Play
B.Sports Injuries in the US
C.Advice to Athletes
D.New Policies for Doctors
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为新闻报道。文章介绍了为保护运动员免受脑震荡的威胁,美国医学
会制定了一套新的指导方针。
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1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Now, the American Medical Association(AMA)
has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions可知
答案为B项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句话可知,年轻运动员在头部受伤后应尽快被带
离运动场地,后面讲到只有经过医生的书面批准才能回归。
3.A 主旨大意题。第四段第一句话说明了什么是“concussion”;第二句话和第三句话指
出了其造成的危害。
4.A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,现在美国医学会制定了一套新的指导方针,旨在保护
运动员免受脑震荡的威胁。
Passage 28话题:健康生活 难度:难 词数:367
Using natural and organic products for skincare is increasingly popular—and that
includes suncream. Many websites feature users’ recipes for homemade suncream. Judging
from the comment, the rise in interest in homemade suncream is because some people fear the
chemicals in shop-bought suncream and believe that natural products mixed at home will be
better at protecting them from the sun’s harmful rays. The fear originates from recent news
that some suncream elements seem to disturb hormones (荷尔蒙).
Many of the homemade suncream recipes contain elements like shea butter and cocoa butter
as well as coconut and vitamin E oil. The sun protection factor (SPF) values for these
elements, according to the authors of these recipes, are between four and six. These SPF
values, if true, are not enough to protect the skin from the harmful effects of sunlight. Some
recipes include carrot seed essential oil, which the authors claim to have an SPF of 35—40.
But this is unlikely, given the small amount used in these recipes. The European Commission
recommended the SPF for moderate skin protection is 15—29 (and 30—50+ for high
protection).
The sun’s most harmful rays are ultraviolet (UV) radiation—notably UVB and UVA
radiation. UVB has a shorter wavelength and doesn’t go far into the skin, but it is very
dangerous as it can change the DNA in skin cells and cause skin cancer. UVA has a longer
wavelength and can go much deeper into the skin. UVA can cause harmful reactive oxygen
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molecules (分子)called “free radicals” to form. These molecules can damage fat, protein and
DNA in the skin, thereby weakening the normal function of skin cells.
Shop-bought suncream contains approved UV-blocking molecules that block UVA and UVB
rays. Zinc oxide (氧化锌)is one of these UV-blocking materials. It has been extensively
tested to determine the most effective size for blocking harmful rays. It is not clear whether
the zinc oxide powder recommended for the homemade recipes meets the recommended size
or proportion needed.
1.What may concern consumers of the shop-bought suncream?
A.The price of it.
B.The hormones in it.
C.The chemicals in it.
D.The production process of it.
2.What are SPF values used for?
A.Measuring the amount of chemicals in suncream.
B.Measuring the harm suncream does to people.
C.Measuring the hormone level of suncream.
D.Measuring the protective effect of suncream.
3.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.How sun protection products work.
B.What harm the sun’s rays bring to the skin.
C.How the sun’s most harmful rays form.
D.How UVB and UVA radiation can be blocked.
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Shop-bought suncream needs more tests.
B.More zinc oxide powder is beneficial to the skin.
C.Shop-bought suncream is more suitable for people.
D.More chemicals will be added into shop-bought suncream.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了有人自制防晒霜,认为它能更好地保护自己免
受阳光的伤害,其实商店买的防晒霜含有经过证明对人体没有伤害的成分,对于阻止紫外
线更有效。
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1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的some people fear the chemicals in shop-bought
suncream可知,消费者担心在商店买的防晒霜里含有的化学物质。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的The sun protection factor (SPF) values for these
elements, ...is 15—29 (and 30—50+ for high protection).可综合判断SPF值主要是测量防
晒霜的保护效果。
3.B 主旨大意题。第三段第一句The sun’s most harmful rays are ultraviolet (UV)
radiation—notably UVB and UVA radiation.为本段的主旨句,其关键词为harmful rays。由
此可推断出本段主要叙述了太阳的光线对皮肤的危害。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Shop-bought suncream contains approved UV-
blocking molecules that block UVA and UVB rays.和It has been extensively tested to
determine the most effective size for blocking harmful rays.可综合推断,在商店买的防晒霜
更适合人们。
Passage 29 话题:人与动物 难度:中 词数:293
People saved a 20-foot orca (虎鲸) that was stuck between rocks on an Alaskan shore by
continuously pouring water over it and protecting it from birds who circled above the
defenseless whale.
The whale was ultimately saved after a six-hour labor-intensive life-saving operation.
Someone spotted the large whale on Prince of Wales Island near the coast of British
Columbia on the morning of July 29th. The Coast Guard was called around 9 a.m. local time.
Chance Strickland, the captain of a private yacht in Alaska, and his crew anchored and began
life-saving actions that were videoed by Aroon Melane and posted on the Internet.
Strickland could hear the orca calling out to killer whales swimming in the area. People on
other boats stopped with water and buckets to pour water over the animal. “There were tears
coming out of its eyes,” Mr. Strickland told the local newspaper. “It was pretty sad.”
The group of people formed a chain that passed buckets of seawater back and forth and
poured the water on the orca, which seemed to keep it alive. It made a noise and raised its tail
when it got water.
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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was called in, which can be
seen on the video using a machine to spray a mist of seawater on the orca, which doubled as a
way to scare the large group of birds that were hoping to feast on the beast.
Melane said in her video that the orca was stranded (搁浅) for about six hours until the tide
came in and swept it back into the ocean. The group efforts of Strickland’s crew and NOAA
saved the 13-year-old killer whale.
1.Why did birds circle above the orca?
A.They were eager to eat it.
B.They wished to protect it.
C.They were attracted by the people.
D.They wanted to find a place to rest.
2.What did Strickland do immediately after finding the whale?
A.Posted pictures online.
B.Called friends for help.
C.Took action to save it.
D.Videoed the trapped animal.
3.Why did the whale make a noise and raise its tail when it got water?
A.To express its eager for water.
B.To extend its thanks to people.
C.To call out to its fellow whales.
D.To show its power and sadness.
4.Which can be the best title for the text?
A.Killer Whale Got Saved
B.Orca Inspired Kindness
C.Combined Efforts Wanted
D.Animals and Humans United
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一头20英尺长的虎鲸被困在阿拉斯
加海岸的岩石之间,经过人们的共同努力最终获救的故事。
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1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“People saved a 20-foot orca...protecting it from birds
who circled above the defenseless whale.”和第五段“...scare the large group of birds that
were hoping to feast on the beast.”可知,鸟类在虎鲸上空盘旋是因为它们想吃虎鲸。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Chance Strickland...began life-saving actions that
were videoed by Aroon Melane and posted on the Internet.”可知,Strickland在发现虎鲸之后
立即采取行动拯救它。
3.A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“It made a noise and raised its tail when it got
water.”可推断,虎鲸发出声音并扬起尾巴是为了表达对水的渴望。
4.A 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了一头20英尺长的虎鲸被困在阿拉斯加海岸的岩石
之间,经过人们的共同努力最终获救的故事。所以“Killer Whale Got Saved”作为文章标
题最为合适。
Passage 30 话题:人与自然 难度:中 词数:310
As a geothermal scientist, I know that boiling rivers exist—but they are always near
volcanoes. You need a lot of heat to make that much water boil. We were working in the
volcanic gap, a 950-mile-long area that covers most of Peru, where there hasn’t been active
volcanism for the past two million years.
Yet we’d found the Shanaya, a name originated from “heating thing”. My measure-ments
averaged 190—195°F. The locals think it’s so hot because of the Yacumama, or “water
mother”—a spirit who gives birth to waters—represented by a snake-head-shaped rock at the
origin of the heated water.
I had to cut my way through the bush at the side of the river to take temperature readings. All
the while, right next to me was this very hot, fast-flowing body of water. A friend at the
nearest village had told me, “Use your feet like eyes.” You can’t see heat, but you can feel it
when you step near it. I wore sandals(凉鞋).
I was at a part of the river measuring 210°F, standing on a rock the size of a sheet or paper,
when the rain fell. It was like a curtain rising. The temperature differential between the rain
and the river caused a whiteout. I couldn’t see, but I whistled to let my partner know I was
OK.
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At 130°F flesh cooks, and the water around me was nearing twice that. My eyes would have
cooked in less than a minute, and I couldn’t have seen how to get out. I saw rats fall in, their
eyes turning milky white. I kept whistling.
After 15 minutes the rain stopped and the steam cleared. A hard rain in most situations would
have been nothing important. Here, for a matter of minutes, it thinned the line between
researching and being boiled alive.
1.What do we know about boiling rivers?
A.They are always found not far from volcanoes.
B.They were discovered two million years ago.
C.Geothermal scientists doubt their existence.
D.Most of them can be found in Peru.
2.Why did the author wore sandals?
A.It was convenient to wear sandals in the river.
B.He was advised to do so by his friend.
C.He wanted to feel heat with his feet.
D.The temperature was high there.
3.What happened to the author when it rained?
A.He signaled to his partner for help.
B.He was in danger of losing his life.
C.He raised a curtain to protect himself.
D.He fell down because of his blindness.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Water near volcanoes
B.Milky white eyes
C.Boiling point
D.A hard rain
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者考察沸腾河流的惊险经历。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段的首句中“I know that boiling rivers exist—but they are
always near volcanoes”可知沸腾的河流总是离火山不远。
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2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“You can’t see heat, but you can feel it when you step
near it. I wore sandals.”可知作者穿凉鞋是为了感觉热度。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第五段中“At 130°F flesh cooks, and the water around me was
nearing twice that. My eyes would have cooked in less than a minute, and I couldn’t have
seen how to get out.”可知作者陷入了非常危险的境地,随时可能被煮熟。由此推断下雨时
作者有失去生命的危险。
4.C 主旨大意题。本文叙述了作者考察沸腾河流Shanaya的惊险经历,“Boiling point”最
能反映文章主旨。
Passage 31 话题:科学与技术 难度:难 词数:335
Self-healing (自愈) “electronic skin” that stretches into a circuit board and can be
attached to the human body could be a more environmentally friendly alternative to
the current wearable devices, scientists have said.
Some US researchers are developing a thin, skin-like wearable device that they say is
fully recyclable and has the capability to repair itself. The electronic skin can perform
sensory (感官的) tasks such as tracking a daily step count or measuring body
temperature and heart rate, and can be shaped to be comfortably worn on any part of
the body.
The team said their work could lead to a future where recyclable high-tech skin
allows people to collect accurate data about their bodies while cutting down on
electronic waste. “Humans will have produced over 60 million tons of discarded (废弃
的) smartphones, laptops and other electronics by 2025.Our solution is to start with
how we make the device, not when it’s already been thrown away,” said Professor
Xiao, leader of the team.
The researchers used a screen printing technique to create a network of liquid metal
wires for the circuit. They then used two thin films made of a self-healing material
called polyimine to cover the circuit.
The researchers said the resulting device is a little thicker than a Band-Aid which can
be applied to treat the wound. It can also stretch by 60 per cent in any direction
without messing up the electronics inside. The electronic skin can heal itself in 13
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minutes if damaged. The bonds that hold together the polyimine material will begin to
grow together to reform a network across the cut, similar to skin healing.
However, the electronic skin is a long way away from being able to compete with
the wearable devices on the market. One of the main limitations is that it still needs
an external power source to work. “We haven’t realized all of these complex
functions yet, but we are marching toward that direction,” Professor Xiao said.
1.Which of the following is not the function of the skin-like device?
A.Taking body temperature.
B.Keeping track of everyday steps.
C.Collecting data on electronic waste.
D.Stretching to fit anywhere on the body.
2.What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about?
A.The process of producing the electronic skin.
B.The future the electronic skin may face.
C.Why the electronic skin is so popular.
D.How the electronic skin works.
3.What is Professor Xiao’s attitude towards the new style of device?
A.Confident. B.Doubtful.
C.Indifferent. D.Worried.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A.Electronic Skin: An Effective Way to Cure Diseases
B.A Recyclable, Self-healing Wearable Device Is Invented
C.Professor Xiao: Expert Devoted to Improving Electronics
D.Traditional Wearable Electronic Devices Are on the Way Out
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种可回收的、具有自我修复能力的可穿戴设
备。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The electronic skin can perform sensory tasks such as
tracking a daily step count or measuring body temperature and heart rate, and can be shaped
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to be comfortably worn on any part of the body.”可知,C选项“收集有关电子垃圾的数
据”不是该设备的功能。
2.D 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的关键信息“stretch by 60 per cent in any direction
without messing up the electronics inside” “heal itself in 13 minutes” “grow together to
reform a network across the cut”可知,第五段主要是关于这种新型电子设备是如何工作的。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘We haven’t realized all of these complex
functions yet, but we are marching toward that direction,’ Professor Xiao said.”可判断出,肖
教授对这种新型设备持自信的态度。
4.B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了一种可回收的、具有自我修复能力的可穿
戴设备。故选B项。
Passage 32 话题:做人与做事 难度:中 词数:311
In most of the inspiring stories, one of the messages that is repeated over and
over is not to give up. Giving up is not an option if you truly want to reach your
dreams. No matter what challenges you face or how many setbacks you experience or
how many times you get knocked down, you mustn’t give up. You need to stand
strong, raise your head up, and keep pressing forward. Well, in most cases, this is
great advice but sometimes, giving up is the smart thing to do. Now before you
decide to just give up on your current goals, what should you do?
First of all, you have to figure out exactly why you want to achieve your goal/dream
in the first place. Is it really your dream or someone else’s? Is it something that you
really, truly want or something you think you want because you see a bunch of other
people going for the same thing?
We pursue dreams and goals to better ourselves but more importantly, we do it
because we believe it will increase our level of happiness and excitement. Imagine
spending years to achieve a goal, finally achieving it, and realizing you’re not any
happier because it isn’t what you really want. So in the situation where you realize
the goal/dream you’re after isn’t really something you want, giving up is a good
choice.
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Another thing to keep in mind is that for the most part, we pursue goals for the
feelings accomplishing those goals will bring us. Knowing the feelings or experience
you’re after can open up more options for you. If you know the feelings you’re after,
you could change your focus to another goal that will give you the same feelings or
experience. Just don’t use this as an excuse to give up on something you actually
want.
1.What is the function of the first paragraph?
A.To promote inspiring stories.
B.To explain the harm of giving up.
C.To introduce the topic of this text.
D.To call on people not to give up.
2.When is it better for you to give up your dreams?
A.When you find other easier goals.
B.When they are too difficult to achieve.
C.When others are doing the same thing.
D.When you realize they bring no happiness.
3.What does the author probably advise us to do according to paragraph 4?
A.Pursue what you really want.
B.Keep trying until you succeed.
C.Focus on goals not on feelings.
D.Change focus if it is possible.
4.What is the best title of this text?
A.Giving Up Is Sometimes a Smart Choice
B.No Matter What Difficulty, Never Give Up
C.Keep On and You Will Achieve Your Goals
D.Giving Up Is the Biggest Enemy of Success
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是议论文。文章就坚持与放弃展开论述,认为有时候放弃不失为一种
明智的选择。
1.C 推理判断题。第一段首先讲述人们的一般认识,即要想实现梦想,一定要坚持、不
放弃。但本文主要论点与此相反,有时候放弃不失为一种明智的选择。所以第一段中“...
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but sometimes, giving up is the smart thing to do.”是本段的主题句。本段意在介绍文章的
主题。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“We pursue dreams and goals to better ourselves but
more importantly, we do it because we believe it will increase our level of happiness and
excitement.”,再结合“So in the situation where you realize the goal/dream you’re after isn’t
really something you want, giving up is a good choice.”可知,如果目标的实现不能给你的生
活带来幸福感,放弃目标就是一个好的选择。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“we pursue goals for the feelings accomplishing those
goals will bring us”以及“Just don’t use this as an excuse to give up on something you
actually want.”可知,作者还是建议我们要追求我们真正想要的东西。
4.A 主旨大意题。本文就坚持与放弃展开论述,认为有时候放弃不失为一种明智的选择。
故选A项。
Passage 33话题:环境保护 难度:中 词数:317
Scientists say baby sharks are at risk of being born smaller and without the energy they
need to survive because of warming oceans from climate change.
Scientists studied epaulette sharks, which live off Australia and New Guinea. They found that
warmer conditions sped up the sharks’ growing process. That meant the sharks were born
earlier and very tired. The findings could be used in the study of other sharks, including those
that give birth to live young.
The scientists studied 27 sharks. Some were raised in average summer water temperatures,
about 27 degrees Celsius. Others were raised in higher temperatures around 29 degrees
Celsius and 31 degrees Celsius. They found that the sharks raised in the warmest temperatures
weighed much less than those raised in average temperatures. They also showed reduced
energy levels.
Epaulette sharks can grow to a length of about one meter. Their name comes from large spots
on their bodies that look like decorations on some military clothing.
One study this year found that worldwide numbers of oceanic sharks and rays dropped more
than 70 percent between 1970 and 2018.Overfishing is a main concern, while climate change
and pollution also threaten sharks.
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Carolyn Wheeler is a doctoral student at the University of Massachusetts Boston and with the
ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Australia. She
is the lead author of the epaulette shark study. She said that while all the sharks survived,
those raised in warmer temperatures were not strong enough to survive for long in the wild.
She added that if the sharks are born smaller than usual, they are probably going to have to
start looking for food sooner—and they’re going to have less time to adjust to their
surroundings. The study should serve as a warning to ocean governing agencies that careful
management is needed to prevent the loss of more sharks.
1.In what aspect do the warmer conditions affect the baby sharks?
A.Their food.
B.Their body weight.
C.Their living habits.
D.Their moving route.
2.How did the scientists carry out their study?
A.By studying former data.
B.By tracking sharks in the wild.
C.By collecting information about climate change.
D.By comparing sharks in waters of different temperatures.
3.What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about?
A.The origin of sharks’ names.
B.The sharks’ appearance.
C.The threats to sharks’ survival.
D.The sharks’ living environment.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Scientists Raise Sharks to Deal with Problems
B.Global Warming Has Reduced Shark Populations
C.Baby Sharks Struggle to Survive in Warming Oceans
D.Scientists Are Struggling to Save Sharks from Extinction
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了鲨鱼受到全球气候变化的影响,在出生时
可能会变得更小,导致它们不够强壮,无法在野外长时间生存。
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1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists say baby sharks are at risk of being born
smaller and without the energy they need to survive because of warming oceans from climate
change.”可知,更温暖的环境影响了小鲨鱼的体重。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段“Some were raised...Others were raised...the sharks raised
in the warmest temperatures weighed much less than those raised in average temperatures.”可
知,科学家们通过比较不同温度水域中的鲨鱼来进行他们的研究。
3.C 主旨大意题。根据第五段关键信息“worldwide numbers of oceanic sharks and rays
dropped more than 70 percent...Overfishing is a main concern, while climate change and
pollution also threaten sharks.”可知,第五段主要讲的是对鲨鱼的生存构成威胁的事物。
4.C 主旨大意题。文章主要说明了鲨鱼受到全球气候变化的影响,在出生时可能会变得
更小,导致它们不够强壮,无法在野外长时间生存。故选C项。
Passage 34 话题:宇宙探索 难度:难 词数:396
European researchers say they have created a process that can produce oxygen from
moon dust. The process could provide a major source of oxygen for humans taking part in
moon exploration activities in the future.Researchers from the European Space Agency, or
ESA, carried out the experiments at a laboratory in the Netherlands.
The team says ESA’s experimental “plant” was able to successfully produce oxygen from
simulated moon dust. The dust is part of a material known as regolith, a top layer of dirt and
rock pieces that sit on the surface of the moon. Samples of regolith from the moon have
confirmed that the material contains about 45 percent oxygen by weight. However, the
oxygen is chemically locked in the form of minerals, so it is not easily available for use.
Having real samples of regolith from the moon made it possible for the researchers to create
the simulated moon dust material used during testing.
The oxygen extraction(提取)process is carried out using a method called molten salt
electrolysis(熔盐电解). This includes first placing the regolith in a metal container. Calcium
chloride salt is added to the mixture, which is then heated to 950 degrees Celsius. At this
temperature, the regolith remains solid. Next, an electrical current is passed through the
material. The researchers say it is this step that results in oxygen being extracted from the
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regolith. The study reported that up to 96 percent of oxygen in the simulated moon dust was
extracted during the experiments.
ESA’s long-term goal is to design an oxygen-producing “pilot plant” to operate full-time on
the moon. The first technology demonstration of the system is expected to take place in the
middle 2020s. Beth Lomax, a lead researcher on the project, said, “Being able to acquire
oxygen from resources found on the moon would obviously be hugely useful to future lunar
settlers, both for breathing and the local production of rocket fuel.” The researchers reported
that “as a bonus”, the process also results in the production of usable metallic materials.
ESA and the US space agency NASA are both working on plans to return human beings to
the moon. NASA has set a goal for 2024 with the aim to keep humans on the moon for long
periods.
1.Why is oxygen from moon dust difficult to use?
A.It is tough for human beings to get moon dust.
B.It is chemically fixed as materials.
C.The conditions of moon dust are terrible.
D.There exits only a little of it.
2.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A.What molten salt electrolysis is.
B.Where the value of the study lies.
C.How oxygen is extracted from moon dust.
D.What is necessary in the oxygen extraction process.
3.What is Beth Lomax’s attitude towards the possibility of getting oxygen from moon dust?
A.Positive.
B.Skeptical.
C.Cautious.
D.Indifferent.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A.Recent Studies of Moon Dust by Researchers
B.How Researchers Extracted Oxygen from Moon Dust
C.Potential Significance of Oxygen Extracted from Moon Dust
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D.Researchers Report Extracting Oxygen from Moon Dust Successfully
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。研究人员报告称他们已经成功地从月球尘埃中提取
出氧气,这对于未来的月球定居者来说是非常有用的。
1.B 细节理解题。由文章第二段中的However, the oxygen is chemically locked in the
form of minerals, so it is not easily available for use.可知选B项。
2.C 主旨大意题。第三段首先说到The oxygen extraction(提取) process is carried out
using a method called molten salt electrolysis(熔盐电解).(氧气提取过程是使用一种叫作熔
盐电解的方法实现的。),然后具体介绍熔盐电解的步骤。由此判断第三段主要讲了如何
从月球尘埃中提取氧气。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Being able to acquire oxygen from resources found on
the moon would obviously be hugely useful to future lunar settlers,both for breathing and the
local production of rocket fuel(能够从月球上发现的资源中获取氧气显然对未来的月球定
居者非常有用,无论是呼吸还是火箭燃料的本地生产)可知,Beth Lomax对于从月球尘埃
中获取氧气的可能性持积极态度。
4.D 主旨大意题。从第一段第一句European researchers say they have created a process
that can produce oxygen from moon dust. (欧洲研究员声称他们已经设计出了可以从月球
尘埃中提取氧气的方法。)可知文章主要讲了研究人员报告说他们成功地从月球尘埃中
提取了氧气的事情。
Passage 35话题:文学艺术 难度:难 词数:379
Do you still remember the scene in the famous movie Titanic, directed by Cameron,
where Jack was frozen to death in the icy cold water so that Rose could survive on the
floating door alone? It broke many people’s heart.
Two decades later, people are still asking the question, “Wasn’t there enough room on the
door for both of them?”
Cameron once responded by saying it wasn’t a question of room, but buoyancy—if both of
them had tried to stay on the raft, he argued, the whole thing would sink.
But several guys from “MythBusters”, an Australian-American science entertainment
television program, decided to test the theory themselves. They discovered that if Rose had
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taken off her life jacket to the bottom of the raft, there would have been enough buoyancy to
keep both of them afloat.
When they presented their findings to Cameron, the director insisted that Jack couldn’t be
saved.
“The answer is very simple,” Cameron said. “Because it says on page 147 of the script that
Jack dies.” To Cameron, it was an artistic choice to have the beloved character Jack drown
into the cold sea. Jack had to die because Cameron thought it would be best.
“It was an artistic choice. The thing was just big enough to hold her, and not big enough to
hold him,” Cameron said. “I think it’s all kind of silly, really, that we’re having this
discussion 20 years later. But it does show that the film was effective in making Jack so
endearing to the audience that it hurts them to see him die. The film is about death and
separation;he had to die.”
Since Jack was doomed to die, Cameron said, it could have happened in a variety of different
ways. It’s not about the door not being big enough: That’s just a practical method for his
death. “Whether it was that, or whether a chimney fell on him, he was going down,” Cameron
said. “It’s called art: Things happen for artistic reasons, not for physics reasons.”
1.What do we know about the character Jack according to the text?
A.He intended to kill himself.
B.He sacrificed himself to save Rose.
C.He didn’t have money to buy a ticket.
D.He lacked basic knowledge of physics.
2.According to Cameron, why has the audience argued about Jack’s death for 20 years?
A.They are fragile people.
B.They don’t like the movie.
C.They love the character.
D.They are crazy about physics.
3.Why was a chimney mentioned in the last paragraph?
A.To introduce the structure of the ship.
B.To show the original plan of the movie.
C.To present the missing part of the movie.
D.To explain the unchangeable fate of Jack.
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4.What is the best title of the text?
A.Jack in Titanic Must Die.
B.Big Enough for Both.
C.Cameron Is Wrong.
D.Jack Could Survive.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章主要说明了电影《泰坦尼克号》中Jack因为救Rose
而死,但是二十年后人们仍在纠结Jack是否真的非死不可的问题,甚至有人专门进行了试
验并把结果提交给电影导演。对此,导演的看法是Jack非死不可,并给出了理由。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中Do you still remember the scene in the famous movie
Titanic, directed by Cameron, where Jack was frozen to death in the icy cold water so that
Rose could survive on the floating door alone?可知Jack这个角色为了救Rose而牺牲了自
己。
2.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中But it does show that the film was effective in
making Jack so endearing to the audience that it hurts them to see him die.可知,这部电影把
Jack塑造得如此受观众喜爱,以至于看到他死去会让他们感到心痛。由此可知,根据
Cameron的说法,观众们为Jack的死争论了20年是因为他们喜欢Jack这个角色。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Whether it was that, or whether a chimney fell on him,
he was going down可推知,最后一段提到烟囱是为了解释Jack无法改变的命运。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据第五段When they presented their findings to Cameron, the director
insisted that Jack couldn’t be saved. (当他们把研究结果提交给Cameron时,导演坚持认为
Jack不可能被救。)并结合文章主要内容可知,Cameron的看法是Jack非死不可,并给出
了理由。由此可知,A选项“《泰坦尼克号》里的Jack必须死”是最佳标题。
Passage 36 话题:人物故事 难度:中 词数:309
Glenda and Raphael Savitz moved to Newton in 2016.They found themselves welcomed
into the neighbourhood with truly open arms. Three months later, they gave birth to
Samantha. Unluckily, she was born entirely deaf. The neighbourhood was still excited to
welcome little Samantha, of course, but they were worried about her parents.
The neighbours wanted to do something to make things easier for the family. All the
neighbourhood agreed to take on the responsibility of learning a second language all for their
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youngest member. Samantha would grow up learning to “speak” American Sign Language, so
her friends and neighbours would learn to speak it right along with her. The group of 18
residents employed a sign language teacher and the whole neighbourhood except Glenda and
Raphael Savitz began to learn American Sign Language in a neighbour’s big living room.
They believed people everywhere wished to have a community with something positive
around and Samantha was bringing about a reason for them to get together.
The neighbours went on learning hard and kept things secret for as long as possible. They
wanted thirstily to communicate with the little girl. Finally, the time came to show Raphael,
Glenda, and Samantha what they had done. The family found themselves deeply moved by
the welcoming signs of their friends and neighbours. Glenda recalled it as one of the most
affecting experiences she’d ever had. A present for Samantha would have made her grateful,
and this was so much more. Now after neighbours say hello to her parents, they bend down to
greet three-year-old Samantha with sign language. At every turn, in the street, or by the canal,
Samantha feels included.
1.Which of the following can best describe the neighbourhood?
A.Generous. B.Tolerant.
C.Warm. D.Prejudiced.
2.What was the neighbours’ decision for helping the family?
A.Collecting money online.
B.Learning sign language.
C.Accompanying Samantha all the time.
D.Teaching Samantha a second language.
3.What did the neighbours think of Samantha?
A.She forced her parents to struggle hard.
B.She set an example for other children.
C.She caused the situation of her family’s poverty.
D.She was an emotional bond of the neighbourhood.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A.A Neighbourhood Welcomes a Newborn Baby with Sign Language
B.A Neighbourhood Takes a Newborn Deaf Baby as a Sign Language Teacher
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C.A Neighbourhood Learns Sign Language to Communicate with a New Family
D.A Neighbourhood Learns Sign Language to Comfort Unfortunate New Parents
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章叙述了Glenda 和 Raphael的邻居们为他们失聪的女
儿学习美国手语,无论在什么地方,都会让小女孩觉得自己也是大家庭中的一员的感人故
事。
1.C 推理判断题。根据全文可知,邻居们为了让Glenda 和Raphael这一家人的生活更
容易些,一起为他们失聪的女儿秘密学手语,这一切是温暖人心的。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,邻居们通过学习手语来帮助Samantha。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句They believed people everywhere wished to have
a community with something positive around and Samantha was bringing about a reason for
them to get together.可知,因为Samantha邻居们才聚在一起,共同演绎了一段富有爱心的
感人故事。这样,Samantha就成为邻居们增进情感的纽带。
4.C 主旨大意题。本文主要讲了Glenda 和 Raphael的邻居们为他们失聪的女儿学习
手语,无论在什么地方,都会让小女孩觉得自己也是大家庭中的一员的感人故事,故“邻居
学习手语以与新家庭成员交流”是最佳标题。
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