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【过高考】2023 年高考英语大一轮单元复习
人教 2019 新版必修一 • Unit 4
一、词汇短语精练：用所给词的适当形式或根据句子含义用适当词组填空。
1. 众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
As we all know, smoking can ___________ ___________ ___________ our health.
【答案】do damage to
【解析】考查名词短语和情态动词。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语do damage to，意为“损害”，故
填do damage to。
2. It can also ___________ (affect) by power and class. but not necessarily so.
【答案】be affected
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：它也会受到权力和阶级的影响，但也不一定如此。分析句意可知，主语It
和谓语affect之间为被动关系，要使用被动语态，前有情态动词can, be动词用原形，故填be affected。
3. 我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。
We sat in the shade, ___________ ___________ the sun.
【答案】sheltering from
【解析】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。结合句意表示“避免……”可知短语为shelter from，此处应用非
谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语we构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填sheltering from。
4. The secretary always acts as if she ___________ (be) the real boss of the company.
【答案】were
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：这个秘书总是表现得好像她是这个公司真正的老板似的。as if引导的虚
拟方式状语从句，表示与现在的事实相反，要使用一般过去时，在虚拟中表与现在事实相反 be动词一般
都用were，故填were。
5. What left the town in ___________ (ruin)?
【答案】ruins
【解析】考查短语。句意：是什么把这个小镇变成了废墟。短语in ruins意为破败不堪，沦为废墟，结合
句意，故填ruins。
6. She ___________ (trap) in the burning house.
【答案】was trapped
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【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意：她被困在了着火的建筑中。短语be trapped in意为"被困于"，符合
句意，且发生在过去，使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was trapped。
7. Ever since he moved there, he ___________ (bury) in his research work.
【答案】has been buried
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：自从他搬到那里以后，他就埋头于他的研究工作。根据句意，空处应用
短语be buried in“埋头于，专心于”，空处为谓语成分；由句中Ever since“自从”可知，谓语应用现在
完成时态（have/has done）主语为第三人称单数he，该空应填has been buried。故填has been buried。
8. The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes ________ the local people since the earthquake
occurred.
【答案】to
【解析】考查短语。句意：自从地震发生以来，政府已经给当地民众提供了大量的食物和衣物。短语
supply sth to sb意为给某人提供某物。结合句意，故填to。
9. Of the six people injured in the terrible accident, only two ____________ (survive)
【答案】survived
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在那次可怕的事故中受伤的六人中，只有两个人幸存下来。根据语境，
描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填survived。
10. The ____________ (compete) is open to young people under the age of 18.
【答案】competition
【解析】考查名词。句意：这项比赛让18岁以下的青少年参加。设空处前有冠词，后有系动词，因此应
填入名词做主语，compete的名词形式为competition，故填competition。
二、重点语法精练：名词专题
1. He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ____________ (chemistry).
【答案】chemist
【解析】考查名词。句意：他是一位化学专家。我们都叫他化学家。表示"化学家"应用名词chemist，不
定冠词提示用单数。故填chemist。
2. I looked back on my time in the UK with ____________ (satisfy).
【答案】satisfaction
【解析】考查名词。句意：回顾起在英国的时光，我感到很满足。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写
名词作宾语。根据括号中提示词，satisfy为动词，意为“使……满意”，其名词为satisfaction，是不可数
名词。故填satisfaction。
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3. She had views quite different from her ____________ (father).
【答案】father’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：她和她父亲的观点有很大不同。分析句意可知，设空处要表示“她父
亲的观点"，应该用名词的所有格形式，完整表述为her father’s views。故填father’s。
4. I find that yoga improves my powers of ____________ (concentrate).
【答案】concentration
【解析】考查名词。句意：我发现瑜伽提高了我的注意力。根据句意和句中“of”可知，空格处应用名词，
构成名词所有格结构，作“improves”的宾语，“concentrate”意为“集中”，动词词性，对应的名词为
“concentration”，意为专心，专注”，为不可数名词。故填concentration。
5. We will ____________ on English next week, and the ____________ results will be announced two weeks later.
(examine)
【答案】be examined; examination
【解析】句意：下周，我们将会进行英语测试，测试结果两周之后宣布。第一个空作谓语，主语 we和
examine（测试，检查）之间是被动关系，且该句陈述的是将来的事（next week），故第一空填 be
examined。第二个空修饰名词results，表类别，故填名词examination做定语。
6. Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics attracted a great many ____________ (participant) worldwide.
【答案】participants
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：2022年北京冬奥会吸引了世界各地众多的参与者。由a great many可知，
后面应加可数名词复数，所以应填participants，表“参与者”。故填participants。
7. ____________ (diverse) is beneficial to environmental learning.
【答案】Diversity
【解析】考查名词。句意：多样性有利于环境学习。句中用名词作主语。名词diversity“多样性”，为不
可数名词，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Diversity。
8. Britain had laws against ____________ (cruel) to animals but none to protect children.
【答案】cruelty
【解析】考查名词。句意：英国曾有反对虐待动物的法律，却没有一部保护儿童的法律。此处作介词
against的宾语应用名词cruelty，不可数。故填cruelty。
9. I'm afraid getting things changed will be a slow ____________ (process).
【答案】process
【解析】考查名词。句意：我恐怕，做出改变会是一个缓慢的过程。设空处应该填写名词作表语。根据
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句意，process为名词，意为“过程”，前面有不定冠词a修饰，此处用单数形式。故填process。
10. He considers himself a total ____________ (fail), for he hasn't achieved anything up to now.
【答案】failure
【解析】考查名词。句意：他认为自己是个彻头彻尾的失败者，因为到目前为止他仍一事无成。形容词
total后接名词形式，此处作宾补，根据不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。根据句意，故填failure。
三、语法填空
At 3:42 a.m. on July 28, 1976, the most deadly earthquake of the 20th century took place in Tangshan.
More than 400,000 people died or were 1 (injure). People were greatly 2 (shock).
However, another big quake 3 (shake) Tangshan again later that afternoon with more buildings
failing down and water, food and electricity hard 4 (get). People began to wonder how long the
disaster would last.
Shortly after the earthquake, soldiers were sent there to dig out those 5 (trap) survivors and to
bury the dead. Doctors and nurses provided medical services. Workers built 6 (shelter) for those 7
homes had been destroyed. Slowly the city began to 8 (breath) and stand up again.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。介绍了唐山大地震。
1. injured 【解析】考查形容词。were是系动词，接形容词作表语，injured“受伤的”，符合题意，故填
injured。
2. shocked 【解析】考查形容词。句意：人们非常震惊。修饰人，说明人的感受，用ed形式形容词，
shocked“感到震惊的”，故填shocked。
3. shook 【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语later that afternoon可知，用一般过去时，故填shook。
4. to get 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：…水、食物和电力都很难得到。be hard to do sth“做某事有
困难”，本句为形容词短语作补语。故填to get。
5. trapped 【解析】考查过去分词。分析句子可知，trap作定语，修饰survivors，两者之间是被动关系，用
过去分词作定语，故填trapped。
6. shelters 【解析】考查名词复数。Shelter“庇护所；遮蔽处”是可数名词，前面没有限定词，故用复数，
且结合语境也应该用复数，故填shelters。
7. whose 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知， 7 homes had been destroyed是定语从句，表示“家
被毁坏的那些人”，those是先行词，从句中缺少定语，用关系代词whose，故填whose。
8. breathe 【解析】考查不定式。begin to do sth.“开始做某事”，to是不定式符号，接原形动词，故填
breathe。
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四、阅读理解
On February 3, 1931 the peace of New Zealand's Hawkes Bay region was destroyed when the area
was hit by the worst earthquake in New Zealand's history.At10:46 am on that summer's day, the quake
hit with a magnitude of 7.9 on the Richter scale(里氏震级). The centre of the quake lied some 15 to 20
kilometers north of the two main centers, Napier and Hastings. The quake lasted for two and a half minutes. Many
people died in the earthquake.
A fire broke out immediately after the quake. The fire started in a chemist's shop and spread quickly. Then the
Fire Department in Napier came to help, but they were at a loss to control the fire as a result of losing their water
supply. However, the water supply in Hastings, was still usable, allowing them to fight back against the fire.
The force of the earthquake destroyed many of the city's famous landmarks (地标). Chunks of the
coastline were thrown into the sea. Napier's Bluff Hill, a popular tourist spot, was completely destroyed
and thrown into the waters below.
Most of the major buildings in the city were completely destroyed. Roads and communications across the
whole area were cut. People were afraid to enter their homes for days and found shelters at the local Motor Camp
or on the beach. There were about150 aftershocks (余震) in the24 hours after the main shock. Over the next 2
weeks, there would be 525 such aftershocks.
1. The worst earthquake took place in New Zealand __________.
A. at night B. in the morning C. at noon D. in the afternoon
2. The firefighters in Napier failed to put out the fire probably because __________.
A. there was no usable water B. they couldn't get close to it
C. the flames spread too quickly D. The wind was very strong
3. The last two paragraphs mainly tell us that __________.
A. there were many places of interest in New Zealand B. the earthquake damaged the city seriously
C. many famous landmarks were thrown into the sea D. people were afraid to enter their homes
for sleep
4. What's the best title for this passage?
A. The 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake B. New Zealand's two cities
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C. The great fire after the great earthquake D. The city's famous landmarks
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍的是新西兰的霍克斯湾在1931年所发生的一次严重的地
震。这次地震造成了财产的大量的损失以及人员的伤亡，海岸线被破坏了，旅游景点也破坏了、城市以
及道路都遭到严重损失，给人们生活带来极大不便。
1. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句At 10:46 a.m. on that summer's day, the quake hit
with a magnitude of 7.9 on the Richter scale （里氏震级）（夏季的一天上午10:46，发生了7.9级
地震）可知，在新西兰那次最严重的地震是在上午发生的。故选B。
2. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的out they were at a loss to control the fire as a result
of losing their water supply（但是由于没有水供应，他们无法控制火势）可知，Napier的消防员们
无法将火扑灭主要是因为他们没有水。故选A。
3. B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后两段Chunks of the coastline were thrown into the sea. Napier's
Bluff Hill, a popular tourist spot, was completely destroyed and thrown into the waters
below...Most of the major buildings in the city were completely destroyed. Roads and
communications across the whole area were cut. People were afraid to enter their homes for days
and found shelters at the local Motor Camp or on the beach.（大块大块的海岸线被抛入大海。纳
皮尔的断崖山，一个很受欢迎的旅游景点，被完全摧毁了，并被扔进了下面的水里……整个地区的
道路和通讯都被切断。几天来，人们不敢进入自己的家，只能在当地的汽车营地或海滩上寻找避难
所）可判断出，这两段主要介绍的是这次地震对这个城市所造成的严重破坏。海岸线被破坏了，旅
游景点也破坏了、城市以及道路都遭到严重损失，给人们生活带来极大不便。由此可知，地震对城
市破坏严重。故选B。
4. A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容可判断出，本文主要介绍的是新西兰的霍克斯湾在 1931年所发
生的一次严重的地震，以及给这座城市所带来的损害。A项能体现了本文的核心，适合用作本文的
标题。故选A。
五、七选五
Would you know what to do if a fire started in your home? Take the time now to review the following safety
tips, and your family will be prepared in time of a fire in your home:
1
An escape plan can help every member of a family get out of a burning house. The idea is to get
outside quickly and safely. 2 So it is important to learn and remember the different ways out of
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your home.
Stay low
If you can see smoke in the house, stay low to the ground as you make your way to the exit. 3
You will breathe less smoke if you stay to the ground. Smoke naturally rises, so if there is smoke
while you are using your escape route, staying low means you can crawl (爬) under most of it.
What if you can't get out right away?
If you can't get out fast because fire or smoke is stopping an escape route, you will want to yell
for help. You can do this from an open window or call 911 if you have a phone with you. 4
Then, firefighters will have a hard time finding you. The sooner they find you, the sooner you both can get
out.
If your clothes catch fire, what should you do?
Your clothes could catch fire during a fire or by accident if you step too close to a candle. If this
happens, don't run! Instead, stop, drop to the ground, cover your face with your hands, and roll. This
will cut off the air and put out the flames. 5
A. An easy way to remember this is: Stop, Drop, and Roll!
B. Smoke from a fire can make it hard to see where things are.
C. Preventing fires is in the first place!
D. Know your way out
E. They will help prepare you for what you need to do in case of a fire.
F. Even if you are scared, never hide under the bed or in a closet.
G. In a fire, smoke and poisonous (有毒的) air hurt more people, than the actual flames (火焰)
do.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是在家里发生火灾时应做好哪些准备。
1. D 【解析】此空是一个小标题，根据下文小标题，可知应该用短小精悍的祈使句，在 B/D中选择。再
根据下文提示“一个逃生计划可以帮助每个家庭成员从着火的房子里出来。”由此推知，D项
Know your way out（知道你的逃生出路）切题。故选D。
2. B 【解析】下文提示“所以了解和记住走出家门的不同方式是很重要的。”承接下文，B项Smoke
from a fire can make it hard to see where things are.（火冒出来的烟会使人很难看清东西在哪
里。）切题。故选B。
3. G 【解析】上文提示“如果你能看到房子里有烟，在你往出口走的时候，离地面低一点。”承接上文，
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G项In a fire, smoke and poisonous（有毒的）air hurt more people, than the actual flames（火
焰）do.（在火灾中，烟雾和有毒的空气比火焰更伤人。）切题。前后是一种因果关系，故选G。
4. F 【解析】 根据下文提示“那么，消防员将很难找到你。”承接下文，F项Even if you are scared,
never hide under the bed or in a closet.（即使你害怕，也不要躲在床底下或壁橱里。）切题。故
选F。
5. A 【解析】上文提示“如果发生这种情况，不要跑！相反，停下来，倒在地上，用手捂住脸，然后滚。
这将切断空气，扑灭火焰。”承接上文，A项An easy way to remember this is: Stop, Drop, and
Roll！（记住这一点的一个简单方法是：停止、下降和滚动！）切题。故选A。
六、完形填空
I had suddenly run out of oil paints just when I needed them. So I made a long 1 to the only store around
here that sells them. It was the 2 time to shop. The store was full of people and the checkout line was long. I
could see the 3 faces of ton the face of the people around me. It was no better in the 4 and I found
myself in the middle of a longline of cars waiting to pull out of it.
As my car was moving forward, I 5 a middle-aged, thin black woman in an old coat. She was holding
up a piece of paper that said, “ 6 my job. Kids to feed!” I 7 as car after car drove past her while their
drivers turned their eyes away. 8 I came closer, I took out my 9 and pulled out the little cash I had
left. I 10 next to her, rolled down (摇下) my window, and 11 put it in her hand. She 12 and said
“Thank you” before the car behind me 13 me to drive on.
I drove away and 14 that I had helped her even a little. Was my small act of kindness 15 to her? I
don't know. Did it change the attitude of the driver behind me? Probably not. But it has been a wonderful experience
for me.
1. A. walk B. wait C. time D. drive
2. A. proper B. worst C. happiest D. fixed
3. A. sadness B. doubt C. impatience D. surprise
4. A. market B. street C. parking lot D. bus stop
5. A. saw B. hit C. blocked D. recognized
6. A. Changed B. Lost C. Did D. Finished
7. A. rested B. organized C. watched D. showed
8. A. As B. Until C. Since D. Because
9. A. book B. card C. coat D. wallet
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10. A. stopped B. sat C. ran D. stood
11. A. sadly B. carefully C. simply D. quickly
12. A. returned B. asked C. smiled D. came
13. A. advised B. forced C. encouraged D. caused
14. A. hoped B. imagined C. knew D. found
15. A. true B. meaningful C. familiar D. polite
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文.讲述了作者在购物回家的路上遇到了一个需要帮助的人,于是伸出了
援助之手。
1. D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我驱车去了附近唯一一家卖它们的商店。A. walk步行；
B. wait等待；C. time时间；D. drive驾驶。根据本段最后一行“a longline of cars”可知，因为突
然没有油画颜料了，作者便开车走了很长的路去了唯一一家卖它们的店。故选D项。
2. B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是最糟糕的购物时间。A. proper恰当的；B. worst最糟的；
C. happiest最快乐的；D. fixed固定的。根据下文“full of people”可知，商店里全是人，所以选
这个时候购物很不合适。故选B项。
3. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能从周围人的脸上看到很多人不耐烦的表情。A. sadness悲伤；
B. doubt 怀疑；C. impatience 不耐烦；D. surprise 惊喜。根据上文“full of people and the
checkout line was long”可知，人们都被漫长的等待搞得不耐烦了。故选C项。
4. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：停车场的情况并不好，我发现自己正站在一排长长的车里，等待
着把车从车里拉出来。A. market市场；B. street街道；C. parking lot停车场；D. bus stop公交车
站。根据下文“a longline of cars waiting to pull out of it”可知，停车场里也是一样的场景，作
者被堵在一条长长的准备上路的车队中间。故选C项。
5. A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的车向前行驶时，我看到一个穿着旧外套的瘦瘦的中年黑人
妇女。A. saw看见；B. hit撞到；C. blocked：堵塞；D. recognized认识。根据上文“As my car
was moving forward”可知，当作者的车正往前挪的时候他看到了一个女人。故选A项。
6. B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个女人手里拿着一张纸，上面写着“失去了工作，有孩子需要
抚养。”A. Changed改变；B. Lost丢失；C. Did做；D. Finished完成。根据下文“Kids to feed”
可知，这个女人应该是失去了工作，所以才拿着纸求助路人帮忙来养活孩子。故选B项。
7. C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看着一辆接一辆的车从她身边驶过，而他们的司机却把目光移
开了。A. rested休息；B. organized组织；C. watched看；D. showed展示。根据下文“car after car
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drove past her”可知，这是作者坐在车里看到的景象。故选C项。
8. A 【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：当我走近她时，我掏出钱包，掏出了剩下的一点现金。A. As当
B. Until直到；C. Since自从；D. Because因为。根据空后“I came closer”可知，此处是随着车队
向前推移，作者的车离那个女人越来越近，所以此空所在句是时间状语从句，表示当作者快接近她
的时候，应用as来引导。故选A项。
9. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我走近她时，我掏出钱包，掏出了剩下的一点现金。A. book
书；B. card卡片；C. coat外套；D wallet钱包。根据本句“pulled out the little cash”可知，作者
是拿出了他的钱包。故选D项。
10. A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在她旁边停下来，摇下车窗。A. stopped停；B. sat坐；C.
ran跑；D. stood站立。根据本句“put it in her hand”可知，作者把钱给了那个女人，应该要把车
停下来才能给她。故选A项。
11. D 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在她旁边停下来，摇下车窗，迅速把它放在她手里。A.
sadly悲伤地；B. carefully小心地；C. simply简单地；D. quickly快速地。根据下文“before the
car behind me...me to drive on.”可知，作者本来就在一条很长的车队里，大家都等的不耐烦，所
以作者动作要迅速，不然就要被后面的车催促。故选D项。
12. C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她微笑着对我说“谢谢”。A. returned返回；B. asked问；C.
smiled微笑；D. came来。根据空后“said ‘Thank you’”可知，在那么多司机都视而不见后，终
于作者出现了，对她伸出援助之手，她的内心应该是很感激的，故而露出微笑。故选C项。
13. B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我后面的车迫使我继续前行。A. advised建议；B. forced
强迫；C. encouraged 鼓励；D. caused.导致。根据上文“I found myself in the middle of a
longline of cars waiting to pull out of it.”以及本句句意可知，作者在一条很长的车队里，大家都
等的不耐烦，所以一旦作者停的时间过长，后面的车就会催，作者就不得不往前开。故选B项。
14. A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开车走了，希望我能帮她一点忙。A. hoped希望；B.
imagined想象；C. knew知道；D. found发现。根据空后“had helped her even a little”可知，作
者虽然只给了那女人一点钱，但作者还是希望能给她带去帮助的。故选A项。
15. B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我小小的善举对她有意义吗？我不知道。 A. true真的；B.
meaningful有意义的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. polite礼貌的。此处是作者的自问自答，那个女人丢
了工作，还有孩子要抚养，肯定需要的帮助不少，作者在想自己的这一小善举对她有没有意义，能
不能帮上忙，但是作者自己也不知道。故选B项。
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七、书面表达
假定你是李华，最近获悉你的美国网友Peter家乡受到地震侵袭，损失惨重。请你用英语给 Peter写
一封慰问信。信的内容包括：
1.得知情况及感受；
2.表达安慰和鼓励；
3.打算提供的帮助。
注意：1.词数80左右（开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数）；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Never give up hope and be strong！Longing for good news from you！
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考答案】
Dear Peter,
I’m awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown and caused a
great loss. I am writing to express my deepest sympathy for you.
You must feel sorrowful now. However, life isn’t so bad. As long as you remain optimistic, you will get through
this difficult period. As a strong-willed man, you will definitely gather all your courage to face and handle the mess
that the earthquake brought about. If I can be of any help, please don’t hesitate to let me know. If necessary, I will
call on my classmates to make a donation to you to help you go through the difficultly.
Never give up hope and be strong！Longing for good news from you!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【语篇解读】这是一篇提纲式作文，要求同学们给美国遭遇地震的好友写一封慰问信。文章主要包
括得知情况与感受，表达安慰与鼓励，打算提供的帮助三个部分。一方面朋友刚受到地震的伤害，同学
们要注意语气与情感，另一方面在打算提供的帮助部分一定要写出具体的行动是什么不要泛泛而谈。
在行文过程中，要注意长短句结合，避免句式单一。将平时积累的短语和优秀的句型用到文章中来
使文章更加出彩。
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【范文亮点】1. 优秀词汇和短语：
awfully非常地，糟糕地；As long as只要；hesitate犹豫；If necessary如果必要。
2. 优秀句式和行文脉络：
① I'm awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown
and caused a great loss. I am writing to express my deepest sympathy for you.
这里用了I'm awfully sorry to hear that和I am writing to…交代了写信的原因和目的，引
出正文。
2.文章运用However, As long as, and等词是行文更流畅，而且全文逻辑清晰，观点鲜明，
最后还表明自己愿意给予帮助并期待来信。
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