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六级核心语法教材
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第一部分 如何表达一件事？......................................................................................1
一、简单句的核心构成................................................................................................1
二、简单句的核心变化 —— 谓语动词的时态/情态/语态....................................3
三、简单句的扩展 —— 形容词/副词/介词短语....................................................9
四、简单句的提升 —— 非谓语动词.....................................................................10
五、 简单句的综合运用...........................................................................................12
第二部分 如何表达多件事？...................................................................................13
六、并列句.................................................................................................................13
七、复合句 —— 名词性从句.................................................................................15
八、复合句 —— 定语从句.....................................................................................17
九、复合句 —— 状语从句.....................................................................................20
十、并列句和复合句的综合运用.............................................................................22第一部分 如何表达一件事？
一、简单句的核心构成
主语 + 谓语V. + ____?____
Iswim.
Wewalked onthestreet yesterday.
IlikeEnglish.
Thebridekissed the groom.
They offeredmea vacant post. =They offereda vacant post to me.
Ibought youapresent. = Ibought apresent for you.
Ifind Hong Kong very beautiful.
Iam very happy.
补充：常用的系动词
1. be动词 (单独)
2. “变得” get become turn go grow
3. 感官动词 look sound smell taste feel “看／听／闻／尝／感觉起来......”
14. keep remain / seem appear
【课后练习】请判断简单句的种类。
1) Theproject has twosides…(CET-6,2018.06,Reading Comprehension SectionC,
Passage One)
2) Readersproceed at their ownpace. (CET-4,2019.12,Reading Comprehension
SectionC, Passage One)
3) But thesnailhas given theproject greater urgency. (CET-6,2018.06, Reading
Comprehension SectionC,Passage One)
4) Oneexample ofAI is driverless cars. (CET-4,2018.12,Reading Comprehension
SectionC, Passage Two)
5) …it canevenmake meals moreenjoyable. (CET-6,2018.06,Reading
Comprehension SectionC,Passage Two)
6) …the gig economy willbecome anengine of economic and socialtransformation.
(CET-4,2021.06, Reading Comprehension SectionC, Passage Two)
2二、简单句的核心变化 —— 谓语动词的时态/情态/语态
（一）谓语动词的时态
一般过去时
形式：V.过去式（did）
用法：__________________________________
Theresearchersconductedfiveseparate surveysofmorethanl,700people.(CET-4,
2019.06, Reading Comprehension, Section C,Passage Two)
…until recently, good databases did not exist … (CET-6, 2017.06, Reading
Comprehension, SectionC,Passage One)
一般现在时
形式：V.原形/V.第三人称单数（do/does）
用法：__________________________________
Heoftengets up late.
American parents want similar things for their children… (CET-6, 2017.06, Reading
3Comprehension, SectionB)
We arefriends.
Theearth movesaround thesun.
一般将来时
形式：will+V 原形 am /is/are going to + V 原形
用法：__________________________________
At some point, almost all of us will experience a period of radical professional
change.(CET-4,2017.06,Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
… the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come…
(CET-6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, SectionC, Passage One)
过去将来时
形式：would +V 原形 was/weregoing to +V 原形
用法：__________________________________
Tony finished his work, and then hewould leavefor London.
过去/现在/将来进行时
形式：be+doing
用法：__________________________________
In 2014, 28% of young men were living with a spouse or partner in their own
home... (CET-4, 2019.06, Reading Comprehension, Section B)
4 Yet, moreand morebusinesses arethinking about how toreduce consumer waste.
(CET-6,2019.06, Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
Agreat many candidateswillbemeeting hereat thistime tomorrow.
现在完成时
形式：have/has +done
用法：__________________________________
A couple of recent papers have finally opened a window on these people’s
extraordinary minds. (CET-4, 2017.06, Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. (CET-6, 2017.06, Reading
Comprehension, SectionB)
过去完成时
形式：had + done
用法：__________________________________
Whenhegot there, she had left.Shewasnot there.
课堂练习：请填入合适的时态。
1. She__________(be) busy last week.
2. I__________ (watch)TVwhenyou called me.
3. Peter __________(not play) tennisat weekends.
4. We__________ (live)here since 1992.
55. Lily told her teacher she __________(hand) in thehomeworkthenext day.
6. Beforethemeeting started, he __________ (finish) allthepreparation.
（二）谓语动词的情态
情态动词+动词原形
Those sick people should seekhelp fromdoctors.
Willyoumarryme?
… the supplements may increase the risk of kidney stones… (CET-6, 2019.12,
Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
A handful of people can recall almost every day of their lives in enormous detail…
(CET-4,2017.06, Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
In understanding cognitive ability, we must not elevate discrimination to a
science…(CET-6,2021.06,Reading Comprehension SectionC,Passage One)
（三）谓语动词的语态
1 被动语态的构成
在她的研究中，参与者是（过去）被随机分配到两组中的。
In her study, participants _____________(assign) randomly (随机地) to two groups.
6(CET-4,2017.06, Reading Comprehension, Section C,Passage Two)
它们将会被不可预见和意外后果所限制。
They_____________(limit)bytheir unforeseenandunintended consequences. (CET-6,
2021.06, Reading Comprehension, Section C,Passage Two)
2 被动语态与时态相结合
他每天被打。 Heis beatenevery day.
他昨天被打了。 Hewasbeaten yesterday.
他明天将要被打。 Hewillbebeaten tomorrow.
他现在正在被打。 He is being beaten. (现在进行时的被动 am/is/are + being
done)
他现在已经被打了。 He has been beaten. (现在完成时的被动 have/has + been
done)
3 被动语态与情态动词相结合
Planes canbeheard.
Planes could beheard.
Planes may beheard.
Planes must beheard.
课堂练习：请填入合适的被动语态。
1) Ourmorning paper __________ (read) by over200,000people every day.
2) Last night my favorite TV program _______________ (interrupt) by a special news
bulletin.
73) His bike_______________ (repair) by his grandfather tomorrow.
4) Sofar thenew machine ______________ (use) inour factory for twoweeks.
5) 天气不能被人们所控制。 Weather ____________________________by people.
【课后练习】请找出谓语动词的部分，并判断其构成。
1) The brain ages just like the rest of the body. (CET-4, 2018.06, Reading
ComprehensionSection C,Passage One)
2) For more than a decade, FedEx has supported the American Red Cross in its effort
toget emergency supplies...(CET-4, 2019.12,Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
3) Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some
governments…(CET-6,2017.06,Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
4) Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the
brain. (CET-4,2018.06,Reading Comprehension SectionC, Passage One)
5) … the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries.
(CET-6,2018.06, Reading ComprehensionSection C,Passage One)
6) The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of
Barcelona. (CET-6,2018.06,Reading Comprehension SectionC,Passage One)
8三、简单句的扩展 —— 形容词/副词/介词短语
（一）形容词修饰_________________________________
Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company…
(CET-6, 2018.12, Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
Things aregetting morecomplicated.
（二）副词修饰___________________________________
Youactually love reading.
Unfortunately,they failed at last.
Thenew plans areabsolutely feasible.
Weworked veryhard towinthefirst place.
（三）介词+_________________________ 构成介词短语
I didn't really care about my mind and my body… (CET-4, 2021.12, Reading
Comprehension, SectionB)
In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers searched for sex differences
throughout the entire human brain. (CET-4, 2016.12, Reading Comprehension,
SectionA)
A designer can’t survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week … (CET-4,
2016.12,Reading Comprehension, Section C,Passage Two)
ThelivesofchildrenfromrichandpoorAmericanfamilieslookmoredifferent than
ever before. (CET-6,2017.06,Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
In2008,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,morethanhalftheworld’spopulation
wasliving in towns and cities. (CET-6, 2014.12,Reading Comprehension, Section C,
9Passage One)
Nations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United Nations
Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially
legally-bindingagreementonreducinggreenhousegasemissions.(CET-6,2017.06,
Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
四、简单句的提升 —— 非谓语动词
（一） 非谓语动词相当于名词，作主/宾/表语
Indaily life, forgetting actually has clearadvantages.
Indaily life, toforget actually has clear advantages.
Indaily life, it actually has clear advantages toforget.
Talking about dreams without trying is no use.
It isno usetotalk about dreams without trying.
Weenjoy reading books inthelibrary.
Wecanpractice English by speaking it moreoften.
Themembersofthe boarddecide tovoteagainst thenew plan.
Ourmain goalistofinish the task ontime.
（二） 非谓语动词修饰名词/句子，作定语/状语
doing 表示_____________
done 表示_____________
10todo 表示_____________
_____________(pass)planes canbeheardnight and day.
Theteachercameinto theclassroom, _____________ (hold) abook inhis hand.
Hebought a _____________ (use)car.
Theteachercameinto theclassroom, _____________ (follow)by fivestudents.
Ihavealot ofhomework_____________(do).
Iam coming _____________(see) you.
【课后练习】请找出非谓语动词（或词组），并判断其用法和含义。
1) It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America. (CET-6, 2014. 06, Reading
Comprehension, Section B)
2)....Another issue affecting real estate in the coming year will be America's falling
infrastructure. (CET-4, 2017.06, Reading Comprehension, Section C,Passage One)
3) In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this
injustice runs. (CET-6,2016.12,Reading Comprehension, SectionC, Passage One)
4) Finding waystoimprovethe livesoftheremaining 20 percent seems morerealistic
than trying to restore an imaginary golden age. (CET-4, 2014.12, Reading
Comprehension, Section C,Passage Two)
5) Private courier companies… use their expertise in logistics to help revitalize
damaged areas after a disaster. (CET-4, 2019.12, Reading Comprehension, Section
B)
6) Smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, providing rich data
11about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts. (CET-6, 2018.12, Reading
Comprehension, Section C,Passage Two)
五、简单句的综合运用
.....Now,theonlyapparentcosttotakinginfinitephotosofsomethingascommonasa
mealisthespaceonyourharddriveandyourdiningcompanion’spatience.(CET-6,
2018.06,Reading ComprehensionSection C,Passage Two)
Looking around the carriage, I saw quite a few people like him, including a couple
of fatty children with swollen cheeks pressing against their eyes. (CET-4, 2014.12,
Reading Comprehension, Section B)
Tohastenthedevelopmentofsciencefromthelabbenchtothemarketplace,UCis
investing our own money in our own good ideas. (CET-6, 2016.12, Reading
Comprehension, Section A)
Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in
mathematics and science, the proportions of degrees awarded in science, math,
and engineering are decreasing. (CET-4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section
A)
Researchers in Germany used miniature GPS tags to track the migrations of 70
white storks(鹳) from different sites across Europe and Asia during the first five
months oftheir lives. (CET-6, 2017.06, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage
12Two)
第二部分 如何表达多件事？
六、并列句
（一）并列句的构成
四六级常考的并列连词有：
1. 表示顺接：...and ...; both ... and ...;
not only..., but ... aswell/but also ... /but ...
2. 表示转折: but; yet
3. 表示选择: ...or ... /either ... or...（二选一）;neither ... nor...（两者都不）
4. 表示因果: ...for ... （原因）; ... so... （结果）
课堂练习：请选择合适的并列连词。
1) Youcan_________ stay at home _________ go out toplay.It doesn’t matter.
A. either,or B. neither,nor C.both, and D.not only,but also
2) Webought her a birthday present, _________ she likes itvery much.
A. so B. or C.and D.but
3) Ilikepop music, but _________ myfather _________ mymother likes it.
A. both, and B. either,or C.neither,nor D.not only,but also
4) Tom,keep away fromthefire, _________ youwillget burnt.
13A. and B. so C.or D.but
5) I thought we’d be latefor the concert, _________ weended up getting thereahead
oftime.
A. but B. or C. so D. for
（二）并列句的省略
Iam ateacher and IlikeEnglish.
Iam ateacher and likeEnglish.
Iam lying in bed and I amreading a book.
Iam lying in bed and reading a book.
Iwant toleaveand Iwant togo abroad.
Iwant toleaveand (to)go abroad.
【课后练习】请找出并列连词，并判断其用法和含义；如有省略，请判断省略的成分。
1) During a megathrust event, allofthat stress releases and some of theworld’s
most powerfulearthquakes occur. (CET-6, 2019.12,Reading Comprehension
SectionC, Passage Two)
2) Wecan’t do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but wecanprovideconsumers
with great-tasting products, low insalt, sugar and fat.(CET-4,2018.12,Reading
Comprehension SectionC,Passage Two)
3) Either a college major isworth its cost orit isn’t. (CET-6,2018.06,Reading
Comprehension SectionC,Passage Two)
144) In a sense, forgetting is our brain's way of sorting memories, so the most relevant
memoriesarereadyforretrieval.(CET-4,2017.06,ReadingComprehension,Section
C,Passage Two)
5) Theymighteat somethingtoxicand damagetheir health.(CET-6,2017.06,Reading
Comprehension, SectionC,Passage Two)
七、复合句 —— 名词性从句
（一） 宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的含义：
2. 宾语从句的写法： __________+ __________________
课堂练习：填入宾语从句的连接词。
1) 我承诺我会帮助你。
Ipromise ________Iwillhelp you.
2) 你从来没告诉过我，你对我的电脑做了什么。
Younever told me ________youhad done to mycomputer.
3) 他们不知道他们是否会按时完成工作。
They don’t know ________they willfinish theworkontime.
4) 我想知道什么时候我们将会出发。
Iwonder ________ wewillset out.
3. 宾语从句的位置：
15 Idon’tknow whenyouwillfinish the work.
No onetells mewhen youwillfinish thework.
Iworryabout whether Ihurt her feelings.
Areyoupositive (that) youhavenever seenthat manbefore?
（二） 表语从句
My concernisthat people don’t careabout others.
Thequestionremains whether people willtrust it.
（三） 主语从句
位置1: 句首
Whetherwewillgo camping depends ontheweather.
位置2: 句尾(句首用形式主语it)
It depends onthe weather whether wewillgo camping.
注意：两种位置，意思相同，但更常用的是位于句尾的主语从句。
（四） 同位语从句
最常用的是：“that+陈述句”这种 （注意：that不作成分，但不能省略）。
Isupporttheargumentthattheproblemsofschoolbusesmustbetakenseriously.
【课后练习】请找出名词性从句，并判断类别。
1) This is how society movesforward. (CET-4,2018.12,Reading Comprehension
16SectionC, Passage Two)
2) Just as no one could predict what would happen with social media in the last
decade, no one can accurately predict where this technology will take us. (CET-6,
2014.12,Reading Comprehension, Section C,Passage Two)
3) Thisis evidence thatour immune system really doesn't function so wellwhenwe
age. (CET-4,2019.06,Reading Comprehension Section C,Passage Two)
4) …it is extremely important to them that their children earn a college degree…
(CET-6,2017.06, Reading Comprehension, Section B)
5) What is needed is legislation banning high levels of sugary syrups used in foods
and drinks. (CET-4,2014.12,Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
6) That means embracing what is truly interesting or unique about yourself. (CET-4,
2021.12, Reading Comprehension, Section B)
八、复合句 —— 定语从句
1. 定语从句的概述：
2. 定语从句的写法：
关系词如何选择？ 看先行词！
17课堂练习：请填入合适的定语从句的关系词。
1) Ihaveaclass ________begins at 8:00am.
2) Thelawyer________ mybrother called didn’tanswer the phone.
3) My daughter asked mea question________ Icouldn’t answer.
4) Thepeople ________sat in thestadium cheered forthe home team.
5) Leois the student ________bikewasstolen.
6) Australia is one ofthefew countries ________people driveontheleft.
7) Sunday istheday ________people usually don’t go towork.
8) Isthereany particular reason________ youcan’tcome?
课堂练习：请写出定语从句。
1) Ilost the book __________________________________.
我弄丢了上周从图书馆借的书。
2) Ican’tremember the day _________________________.
我记不起上一次我们是什么时候碰面的。
183. 定语从句的分类：
Imet your friend whois staying inParis. 限定性定语从句
Imet your mother, who isstaying inParis. 非限定性定语从句
注意：非限定性定语从句不仅可以修饰前面的名词，还可以修饰前面整句话。
Poorerparentshaveless timeand fewerresourcesto invest intheir children,which
canleavechildrenlesspreparedforschoolandwork,whichleadstolowerearnings.
(CET-6,2017.06, Reading Comprehension, Section B)
【课后练习】请找出定语从句，并理解其用法和含义。
1) This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million
annually in the EU by the end of the decade. (CET-4, 2019.12, Reading
Comprehension, SectionC,Passage Two)
2) In a world where people are increasingly dependent on their phones… such
strategies oftenfailed. (CET-6, 2018.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A)
3) Of the produce that does appear in the supermarket, commonly used sales
promotions frequently encourage customers to purchase excessive quantities
which … inevitably generate wastage in the home. (CET-6, 2013.12, Reading
Comprehension)
4) This occurs at a time when other nations have made significant gains in their own
researchcapabilities. (CET-6, 2016.12,Reading Comprehension, Section A)
5) Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. (CET-6, 2017.06, Reading
Comprehension, Section C,Passage One)
196) In the new global economy, students who fail to finish ninth grade with passing
grades in college preparatory coursework are very unlikely to graduate on time
and go onto get jobs. (CET-4, 2021.06, Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
九、复合句 —— 状语从句
1 状语从句的含义：
2 状语从句的位置：
3 状语从句的写法及分类：状语从句分成9种，主要是由从属连词决定。
课堂练习：请把从属连词填入表格。
20【课后练习】请找出状语从句，并理解其用法和含义。
1) …iffoodspendsjustafewsecondsonthefloor,dirtandgermswon’thavemuch
of a chance to contaminate it… (CET-4, 2018.12, Reading Comprehension, Section
B)
2) …whenMerian did it at theturn ofthe18thcentury, surprisingly, nobody objected.
(CET-6, 2018.12, Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
3) Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these
levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life…
(CET-4, 2013.12, Reading Comprehension)
4) If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans, shouldn’t they have a
say in how their money is used? (CET-6, 2018.06, Reading Comprehension Section
C,Passage Two)
5) They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. (CET-4, 2018.12, Reading
Comprehension, SectionC,Passage Two)
6) Sometimes we believe things because they make us look good to the people we
careabout. (CET-6, 2021.12, Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
21十、并列句和复合句的综合运用
Whilethe‘fivesecondrule’mightnotseemlikethemostpressingissueforfood
scientiststoget tothebottomof,it’sstillworthinvestigatingfoodmythslikethis
onebecausetheyshapeourbeliefsaboutwhenfoodissafetoeat.(CET-4,2018.12,
Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit a
wirelessalert signaltoabasestationthat willthenraisethealarm.(CET-4,2016.12,
Reading Comprehension, SectionB)
When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch,
they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren’t told to take
photos. (CET-6,2018.06, Reading Comprehension SectionC,Passage Two)
Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people
worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. (CET-4, 2014.12, Reading
Comprehension, SectionC,Passage One)
But if we’re talking about the benefits to society, the only thing that matters is
what the major enables the student to produce for society. (CET-6, 2018.06,
Reading Comprehension SectionC, Passage Two)
For instance, new technologies that are building upon existing technology have
not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience, because, in
many cases, they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full
appeal.(CET-6, 2016.12,Reading Comprehension, Section B)
In the most rigorous study on the classroom results of high school coaches, the
22University of Arkansas’s Anna Egalite finds that athletic coaches in Florida mostly
tend to perform just as well as their non-coaching counterparts, with respect to
raising student test scores. (CET-6, 2014.12,Reading Comprehension)
感谢大家的耐心倾听！
预祝大家跟四六级分手快乐！
微信公众号：田静老师
微博/B站：考研英语田静
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