第12 讲 句子成分
目录
01 课标达标练
考向01 考查主语
考向02 考查谓语
考向03 考查宾语
考向04 考查定语
考向05 考查表语
考向06 考查补语、状语、同位语、插入语
02 核心突破练
03 真题溯源练
考向01 考查主语
在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
1.（2025·福建厦门·模拟预测）If no actions are
taken
, the region will face the threat of being buried by sand as
no __________ (defend) can stop the advancing deserts and repetitive strong sandstorms.
2.（2025·江西南昌·一模） One of the great __________ (strength) of the study is that it includes people with
very different levels of fitness and health.
3. __________ (decorate) homes with red lanterns and couplets adds a vivid and warm touch to the Spring
Festival atmosphere.
4. There has been a close （associate） between these two companies.
5. The newcomer’s (fail) to work out the technical problem didn’t make her lose heart.
6．It is convenient for us __________ (collect)information related to the new programme online.
7． we release that inner power for success is what we need to learn.
8．There is no doubt that __________ (honest) and willingness to help others are why we become charming.
9． (spend) time together in the garden can be a great way to exercise and have fun with your pet.
10． (learn) English is to have more opportunities in the future.
考向02 考查谓语
在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
1.（2025·辽宁大连·期末）In summary, China’s museum boom (characterize) by a surge in visitors,
widespread use of new technology and media, deepening social functions, and the ongoing development of
strategies to address emerging challenges.
2.（2025·江西南昌·一模）Higher intensity physical activity (find) to be associated with lower risk of an
early death from all causes, but the difference is most noticeable when it comes to cardiovascular disease.
3.（2025·福建泉州·模拟预测）All the pictures (take) last year, when photographers from the area
embarked on a remarkable journey spanning more than 5,000 kilometers.
4.（2025 高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）She
____
(convince) that the caves’ social importance far
outweighed their economic potential and that scientific protection was the key to their survival.
5.（2025·广东深圳·二模）Many of those in attendance had been interviewed previously by the filmmakers. Most
were seniors, but there were also some with young children, and even a few who (fly) in from Australia.
6.（2025·山东济南·一模）Chen Xin, the chief organizer of the 2024 London Chinese Cuisine International
Development Convention,
__
(emphasize) that London was becoming a true global centre of Chinese
cuisine, staying true to one single mission — providing Chinese customers with a taste of home and showcasing
the depth of Chinese culinary culture to international diners.
7.（2025 高三上·安徽阜阳·期中）Recently, the course (attract) 130 international students, including
those from Britain, France, Canada, Australia, Japan and Singapore.
8.（2025 高三下·广东深圳·阶段练习）In the past, Chinese animation (see) as products for a younger
audience, with technical standards and narrative abilities which struggled to match with Hollywood or Japanese
animation.
9.（2025·湖南·模拟）So far, from swiftly flowing river valleys to mist-covered mountains, dense forests and
steep cliffs, wherever there is water and soil, terraces __
(dig).
10.（2025·四川成都·模拟）Li Qun, director of the National Cultural Heritage Administration,________(say) in
the opening ceremony that Chinese cave temples displayed remarkable characteristics in terms of their subject
matter, and artistic style, which reflected the peaceful nature of Chinese civilization.
考向03 考查宾语
在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
1.（2025·江苏常州·一模）The practice could enhance the overall (effective) of the nourishment.
2.（24-25 高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习） But what makes this Asian renaissance? The answer lies in a unique
blend of visionary leadership, economic growth and a culture of discipline and (resolve).
3.（24-25 高三上·江苏·阶段练习）But what makes this Asian renaissance? The answer lies in a unique blend of
visionary leadership, economic growth and a culture of discipline and_________ (persevere).
4.（2025·全国·模拟预测） Hunan Cuisine, on the other hand, is famous for its bold and burning flavors, which
features the (combine) of fresh chilies (辣椒) and garlic to create a powerful and intense spicy taste.
5.（24-25 高三上·福建福州·期中）One success of his work, which beat out over 48,000 (entry) from
100 countries, made him the first Chinese photographer to receive the title of wildlife photographer of the year in
2019.
6.（2025·福建莆田·二模）Smart wearable devices have undergone a transformative journey, evolving from
niche gadgets to integral (companion) in modern life.
7.（24-25 高三下·海南省直辖县级单位·开学考试）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent
rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive (solve) to one-time event dressing.
8.（24-25 高三上·福建莆田·期末）Every October, it is the harvest season for pomelo, a time when merchants
flock to Duli Town to purchase the fruit. Most of these
__
(merchant) are regular buyers.
9.（24-25 高三上·重庆·开学考试）“You can use timeless pieces as a handsome
__
(found) for many
aesthetic (美学的) languages,” Bush says.
10.（2025·山东潍坊·一模） It also makes possible the
___
（integrate）of the rich resources into the
field of education, giving full play to their roles of preserving history and educating people.
考向04 考查表语
在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
1．The film star was (annoy) to know that his son was still addicted to drugs.
2．It was too (fog) to drive anywhere, so they had to stop to have a rest at home.
3．As time becomes (limit) and school work begins to pile up, many students start to feel much
stressed.
4．I'm delighted to receive your invitation and I'm so (honor) to serve as your guide to the local bio-
park.
5．This annual activity is always tiring but (reward), so I sincerely invite you to go with us.
6．We will see our Chinese enterprises becoming more and more (compete) internationally, and our
motherland getting stronger than ever before.
7．I am convinced that the exhibition is sure to be (impress) and you will be deeply moved by their
devotion and selflessness.
8．I received your message about the difficulties you’re facing in your studies, and I truly understand how
(challenge) it can be.
9．I’m (delight) to hear about your plan to launch an English reading activity. Here are my suggestions.
10．What’s more, we are (create) and can keep up with modern science and technology.
考向05 考查补语、状语、同位语、插入语
在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
1．With the demand from wholesalers (grow) rapidly, the couple are constantly busy improving their
products.
2．My son will turn 15 next week. I want to give him something special, but I have no idea I should
buy.
3．As you start to make plans for what you want to do with your future, you might ask yourself a question
you should start your own business.
4．You should open up your mind to the fact language represents a cultural world view.
5． (conclude), we have full confidence in an even brighter future of Asia. Let’s work together to make it
a reality.
6．It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching
English movies is (respective) 65% and 50%.
7． （be）honest, I was surprised he knew where I was—I moved so often.
8． (frank) speaking, he is not the suitable leader for the team.
9．It scared me to see a whale (attack) by a pack of about six other killers at that time.
10．Now it is home to (approximate) 300 folk houses,20 temples and ancestral halls, and 10 opera
stages.
11.Thank you so much for your call and keep me (inform) in terms of what you’re doing.
12．It is a great relief that he has been admitted to his ideal university, (major) in civil engineering.
题型 阅读理解
Passage 1（2026 届江苏省如皋中学高三试题）
I knew it was going to be a bad fireworks season this year when I saw so many different tents selling them to
the public. I was right. The bangs and booms (噼啪声) started before the first of January and lasted way past the
fourth. I have never been a big fan of fireworks since I was a boy. It was then that a local fair set off a huge show
near our house and I saw how the noise terrified our dogs. I sat on the floor with them during the whole show,
holding their shaking bodies.
I know a lot of people enjoy the colorful light shows the fireworks can put on at times. They can be bright
and beautiful. Still, I find that I prefer the gentler lights of summer to these noisy ones. I love seeing the moon
rising above the hills in the evening. Its gentle, smiling face always reminds me that someone loves me and is
watching over me from above.
The shinning stars also always look so heavenly and wonderful when you take the time to look up into the
skies and watch them shine. I also love the beautiful, blinking (眨眼的) lights of the fireflies this time of the year.
Seeing their lovely, little lights as they fly around always fills my heart with light and delight as well. It warms my
soul and reminds me of what a perfect world we live in.
I think we all might do better to grow the gentler lights within ourselves. Our society seems to praise and
admire those who come off as booming and brash (自以为是的).
1．Why does the author mention his childhood’s experience?
A．To share an old story.
B．To explain his tiredness of fireworks.
C．To stress a joyful atmosphere with fireworks.
D．To remind us of the danger of fireworks.
2．Why does the author prefer lights like the moonlight?
A．Because they are bright, and beautiful.
B．Because they give him pleasant feelings.
C．Because they don’t scare his dogs any more.
D．Because they keep him free from being monitored.
3．How does the author feel when seeing the fireflies?
A．Grateful.
B．Joyful.
C．Determined.
D．Beloved.
4．What would the author write about in the following paragraph?
A．Why gentler lights are better than noisy ones.
B．What gentler lights will really bring to our life.
C．How we can make the world a gentler place.
D．When we can stop great noises such as fireworks.
Passage 2（2025 年江苏省前黄中学高三试题)
I started walking backward for no apparent reason. I was simply waving goodbye to my daughters when it
hit me to take a few steps backward. Since I’d already started, I thought I could walk all the way home that way.
After all, the contradiction of moving forward by going backward seemed engaging and worth exploring.
The first problem was practical. Snow is a pain even for regular walking, so my pace slowed down
considerably. At this different pace, life itself felt rushed in comparison. How silly it is that we’re always in such a
hurry to get somewhere. For example, I often arrive at places long after my body gets there. Sometimes I reach my
daughters’ school, but my mind is still at home, wondering whether I unplugged my wife’s hair dryer. Walking
backward, however, forced me to adjust the pace of my body to my mind.
The next thing had to do with vision. In regular walking, the path ahead is always visible. Here, you use
other senses: you hear the car approaching, you sense the unevenness of the ground, and you notice the change in
the firmness of the snow. You activate an entire set of skills we usually don’t use because of our dependence on
sight. This way, the familiar path I walked every day suddenly felt like a grand adventure, a discovery I hadn’t
anticipated.
Because of my addiction to foolish ideas, I decided to continue my backward walking for the rest of the day.
And I quickly realized something obvious: the path I enjoyed most was the one I had already travelled. And it
struck me that this was the right way to look at life: moving toward a destination without ever forgetting where
you’ve been, or how far you’ve come. Looking back is always good for self-value. There’s no way to look at
yesterday and not feel better: for the illness that didn’t kill you, or the happy childhood days that still make you
smile.
5．What interested the author in the first paragraph?
A．Finding a new route back home.
B．Engaging himself in deep thinking.
C．Moving forward in a different manner.
D．Seeing his daughters off every morning.
6．What did the author realize on the way back home?
A．We need to stay focused at work.
B．We don’t need to live a rushed life.
C．We should spend more time with family.
D．We shouldn’t compare ourselves to others.
7．How did the author overcome the vision problem?
A．He studied a set of new skills.
B．He depended on his memory.
C．He followed his sense of direction.
D．He made full use of other senses.
8．What message does the author seem to deliver in the last paragraph?
A．Childhood is the best part in life.
B．It’s inspiring to reflect on the past.
C．It’s important to find your self-value.
D．One ought to learn to forgive himself.
1. (2025 新高考I 卷)
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea
and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic
snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics
in water from your tap ( 水龙头): boiling and filtering ( 过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in
Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five
minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.
In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in
plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by
just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three
common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals
previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming
increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more
microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised
concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated
how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an
environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New
Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
29. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quoting an expert.
B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples.
D. By providing statistics.
30. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?
A. The hardness of water.
B. The length of cooling time.
C. The frequency of filtering.
D. The type of plastic in water.
31. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?
A. The importance of plastic recycling.
B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water.
D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
32. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about?
A. Choice of new research methods.
B. Possible direction for further study.
C. Need to involve more researchers.
D. Potential application of the findings.
2. (2025 新高考I 卷)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang,
China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the
mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____37____ (center) heating doesn’t exist.
Nothing in my life before prepared me ____38____ this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never
imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt ____39____ learn in a
new environment. Over time, I’ve found ____40____ (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve
experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes
____41____ (be) one of them.
Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance
____42____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes
for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ____43____ (absent)
of smog and plenty of blue sky ____44____ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____45____ (leave) to sun for a day,
well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
