第21 讲 宾语从句
目录
01
考情解码·命题预警
2
02 体系构建·思维可视.................................................................................................................................................3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚.................................................................................................................................................4
考点一 宾语从句的构成及引导词.....................................................................................................................4
知识点1 宾语从句的构成....................................................................................................................................4
知识点2 宾语从句的引导词................................................................................................................................4
考向1 考查引导宾语从句的连接代词..............................................................................................................7
考向2 考查引导宾语从句的连接副词..............................................................................................................7
考向3 考查引导宾语从句的连接词that,whether,if 等.....................................................................................8
知识点3 it 充当形式宾语的句式.........................................................................................................................8
考向4 考查it 充当形式宾语的句子................................................................................................................10
考点二 宾语从句易错点...................................................................................................................................10
知识点1 感叹句用于宾语从句..........................................................................................................................11
知识点2 连接词that 与连接代词what..............................................................................................................11
知识点3 连接词whether 与if 的区别...............................................................................................................12
知识点4 宾语从句用于虚拟语气易错点.........................................................................................................12
考向1 考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气................................................................................................................13
考向2 考查宾语从句中的时态、语态与主谓一致.......................................................................................13
04 真题溯源 考向感知................................................................................................................................................14
考点要求
考察形式
2025 年
2024 年
2023 年
2022 年
主
语
从
句 、
宾语从句
选择题
非选择题
/
新高考I 卷what
全国甲卷what
浙江卷whether
天津卷what
新高考II 卷how
浙江卷whether/if
表语从句、
同位语从句
选择题
非选择题
北京卷what
浙江卷what
新高考II 卷what
名词性从句
在写作中
选择题
非选择题
广泛存在于阅读理解，完形填空和写作中
考情分析：
名词性从句在高考中显性考查以语法填空补全句子形式出现。天津卷会涉及到选择题。名词性从句更
以隐性考查广泛存在于阅读理解长难句和应用文写作中。
1.考查名词性从句that 和what 的用法区别，这是高频考点也是难点。
2.考查名词性从句if 和whether 的用法区别。
3.考查名词性从句who, whoever, why, where, how 的用法区别。
4.遇到名词性从句需要学会用括号法括起来视为一个整体便于理解。
5.应用文写作和读后续写学会使用名词性从句能够提高句子表达力，提升文章档次。
复习目标：
1. 熟练掌握名词性从句连接词
、连接代词及连接副词
的用法和意义，特别是what 和that 的用法。
2. 熟练掌握名词性从句的固定句式和相关考点。
考点一 宾语从句的构成及引导词
知识点1 宾语从句构成
宾语从句：在复合句中作句子宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。和其它可以作宾语的名词、代词、动名词相
比，宾语从句用了一个完整的句子。宾语从句的位置有三种：位于及物动词之后作动词的宾语、位于介词
后作介词宾语；用 it 作形式宾语，将真正主语从句置于句末，使句子结构更平衡。
I know that
you've
been
studying
Mars
for
thirty
years.
谓语 宾语从句
知识点2 宾语从句的引导词
引导宾语从句的连接词有三类：
连词that、whether， if
疑问代词who, what, which，whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;
疑问副词when, where, how, why，however, whenever, wherever 等
（1）连接词that 在宾语从句中不充当任何的句子成分。
例1.The manager said that he didn't like my work.
经理说他不喜欢我的工作。
例2. Scientists reckon that there have been men for only one million years.
科学家们推断，人类仅仅存在了一百万年。
例3.He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.
他告诉我说，公司付不起那么巨额的工资。
主句谓语动词与that 从句之间有插入语，that 不可省略。
例1.We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.
鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。
that 从句通常不能充当介词的宾语，但在介词except, in 和but 却可以跟that 的宾语从句。that 引导的宾
语从句作介词宾语时，that 不能省略。
例1. He would have failed but that you helped him.
若不是你帮助他，他肯定要失败。
例2.We know nothing except that he did not come home that night.
除了那天晚上他没有回家之外，我们什么也不知道。
例3.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
and 连接两个宾语从句，that 宾语从句放在and 的后面时，that 不能省略。
例1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frighted .
每个人都能看到发生了什么，汤姆很害怕.
例2. He said (that) he was tired and that he needed rest.
他说他累了，需要休息。
（2）连接词whether 起连接作用，有词汇意义“是否”，不做成分，引导宾语从句时不能省略。
例1. Mary asked if/whether you had ever been abroad.
玛莉问你是否去过国外。
例2.He asked his doctor to tell him whether/if his operation had been successful.
他请求医生告诉他，他的手术是否成功了。
例3.It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation.
这一切都取决于我们是否能取得他们的合作。
例4.
I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。
例5.
I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。
if 和whether 引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether 常和or not 连用，if 一般不与or not 连用。
例1. I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。
用if 引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if 而用whether。试比较：
例1. Please let me know if you want to go.如果你想去，请告诉我。
例2. Please let me know whether you want to go.请告诉我你是否想去。
（3）连接代词-who/what/which/whom/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever 起连接作用，提示从
句开始。有词汇意义，不能省略。在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
例1. I don't know whose straw hat it is.
我不知道这是谁的草帽。
例2.Scientists explore what exits and engineers create what never existed before.
科学家研究存在的东西，而工程师创造前所未有的东西。
（4）连接副词when, where, how, why，whenever, however, wherever 等在从句中充当时间状语、地点状
语、方式状语、原因状语 起连接作用，提示从句开始。有词汇意义，不能省略。
例1. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police. 特德不知道警察为什么要他去。
例2. The man laughed when he realized what had happened.
那个人知道发生了什么事之后，笑了起来。
例3.Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one
knows exactly where or how this happened.
在整个的历史过程中，人们一直想知道语言是怎么起源的，但是，没有人确切知道这是在什么地方或
者是如何发生的。
例4.In selecting candidates, a university pays considerable attention to how well applicants have done in
their secondary level school examinations.
录取新生时，大学相当注意考生中学的成绩。
考向1 考查引导宾语从句的连接代词
例1 India is doing it can to adapt to a painful new reality. After the deadly 2010 heat wave in
Ahmedabad, the municipal government there developed a heat-action plan.
例2．Please decide subject will you learn, physics or chemistry.
【变式训练1·变载体】A trading route across the sea was extended along people now call the Indian
Ocean.
【变式训练2·变情景】After seemed ages, a bus packed with passengers arrived.
考向2 考查引导宾语从句连接副词
例1 Jia once explained on her Weibo account: “The film is not related to weight loss and even has very little
connection with boxing. It tells a kind person finds herself and learns to love herself.”
例2 The Dongfeng Landing Site has a search zone of tens of thousands of square kilometers, which contains
desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that make it challenging to find out the reentry module might
land.
【变式训练1·变载体】In the peak seasons, many tourists come to witness the beautiful scenery of tea farms for
themselves, while enjoying a cup of tea. There are many ways you can experience tea culture in China. You can
visit a tea plantation in Hangzhou or elsewhere to learn tea is grown and harvested.
【变式训练2·变情景】After the field trip, John Buettner says he can hardly believe quickly an
idea is turned into reality.
考向3 考查引导宾语从句的连接词that, whether, if 等
例1 Keep in mind only when you are brave and determined can you conquer difficulties.
例2 We can’t seem to make up our minds we want a modern city or a traditional one.
【变式训练1·变载体】I wonder you could tell me some information about Beijing Opera.
【变式训练2·变情景】You can depend on it she will keep her promise and arrive on time.
知识点3 it 充当形式宾语的句式
1. 动词 + it +形容词/名词+从句
常用于该句型的动词有find, think, consider, make, feel 等，it 作形式宾语，后面的that 从句是真正的宾
语。
例1. I find it important that we should protect the environment.
我发现我们保护环境是很重要的。
例2. She thinks it necessary that we should learn English well.
她认为我们学好英语是有必要的。
例3. The teacher made it clear that we should finish our homework on time.
老师明确表示我们应该按时完成作业。
例4. I thought it odd that they should both have the same opinion.
他们俩人意见竟然一致，令我觉得奇怪.
例5. We all thought it very surprising how she kept calm in the midst of such a hot discussion.
我们都感到令人吃惊的是她怎么能在如此热烈的讨论中保持冷静。
2. 动词短语+ it +that 从句
常用于该句型的动词短语有depend on, rely on, count on, answer for 等，it 作形式宾语，后面的that 从句
是真正的宾语。
例1. You may depend on it that he will come to help you. 你可以相信他会来帮助你的。
例2. You must answer for it that you have made such a mistake. 你必须为你犯的这样一个错误负责。
3. 动词+ it +从句
常用于该句型的动词短语有like, hate, appreciate 等，it 作形式宾语，后面的从句是真正的宾语。
例1. I don't like it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜欢人们满嘴食物说话。
例2. I would appreciate it if you could help me. 如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。
得分速记
1. 动词有find, think, consider, make, feel 等，经常跟it 作形式宾语，再跟形容词或名词作宾语，然后跟
that 引导的真正的宾语从句。
2. depend on, rely on, count on, answer for 等，常用it 作形式宾语，后面的that 从句是真正的宾语。
3. like, hate, appreciate 等，常跟it 作形式宾语，后面的从句是真正的宾语。
思维建模 名词性从句的解题思路
考向4 考查it 充当形式宾语的句子
例1 Teenagers always find hard to look for a university which is suitable for them.
例2 They consider worthwhile to spend so much money on the project.
【变式训练1·变载体】I find relaxing to sing a song with classmates between classes.
【变式训练2·变情景】4．My parents made a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no
matter the weather or season.
考点二 宾语从句易错点
核对
答案
对照
检验
1．确定从句类型：设空处无提示词，先根据主句的主谓结构确定是否为
主语从句。
2．确定连接词：
(1)从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，用连接代词what、who、whom、
which、whatever 等。
(2)从句中不缺成分且句子意义完整，用that。
(2)从句中不缺成分，句意缺少“是否”，用if/whether。
(3)从句中缺少状语，根据句意，选择用连接副词where (表地点)、
when (表时间)、how (表方式)、why (表原因)等。
信息
提取
确定
连词
知识点1 感叹句用于宾语从句
1.主句+what+a(n)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语。
感叹句用于宾语从句时，用陈述语序；what 的中心名词必须是名词；名词区分不可数名词以及可数名词单
复数。
例1. She said what a lovely song it was.
她说那是一首多么动听的歌啊。
例2. I know what an interesting book you have bought!
我知道你买了一本多么有趣的书！
2.主句+how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。
例1. She thought how beautiful the city was.
她认为这座城市多么美丽。
例2.We are talking about how amazing the movie is.
我们在谈论这部电影有多精彩。
知识点2 连接词that 与连接代词what
类别
含义
that 引导
的宾语从
句
无词义，仅起连接作用。在从句中不充当任何成分。在口语和非正式文体中常可省略。解题
时看从句是否结构完整。
例1. I heard (that) the meeting was cancelled.会议被取消了。
例2. I know that he is a teacher. 我知道他是一个老师。
what 引导
的宾语从
句
在从句中作“主语、宾语、表语”等。表示“所......的事物”，有实际含义。绝对不可省
略。解题看从句中是否缺少主语或宾语等句子成分。
例1.She explained what had happened. 她解释了所发生的事。
例2. Can you remember what she said?你能记得她说的话吗？
得分速记
1. 看从句结构：如果宾语从句结构完整，不缺少主语或宾语，就用that, 且常可省略。
例.I heard (that ) he was in Beijing. 我听说他在北京。从句主系表成分齐全。
2. 看句意：如果意思是“所......的某事/物”，且从句中明显缺少一个成分，就用what。
例.I heard what you said. 我听到了你所说的话。从句you said 后面却宾语。
知识点3 连接词whether 与连接词if
用法对比
构成
当介词后跟宾语从句时，常用
whether 引导，不用if；
例1. It all depends on whether they will support us.
这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。
引导宾语从句且不与or not 直
接连用时，if 和whether 均可。
例2.Please tell me if/whether you will go to the lectures tomorrow or not.
请告诉我你明天是否去听讲座。
与or not 或to do 不定式直接连
用时，也必须用whether。
例3.Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?
你能告诉我火车是否已经离开了？
知识点4 宾语从句用于虚拟语气易错点
特殊用法
构成
表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的
宾语从句，从句谓语动词用
“should +动词原形”，should 可省
略。常见动词：suggest, recommend,
demand, require, insist, order, propose
等。
例1.The teacher suggested that we (should) read more books.
老师建议我们多读些书。
例2.He insisted that she (should) accept the offer.
他坚持让她接受这个提议。
I wish that…后的宾语从句，表示
与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般
过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完
成时。
例1. I wish I were a bird. 我希望我是一只鸟。
例2. She wishes she had studied harder.
她希望自己当初学习更努力。
would rather that…宾语从句表示
“宁愿某人做某事”， 表示与现在
或将来事实相反，从句谓语用一般
过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完
成时。
例1. I'd rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
例2. She'd sooner he hadn't said that.
她宁愿他没说过那样的话。
考向1 考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气
例1 I wish I (learn) more about Neuschwanstein Castle before! The details on the buildings there are
so unusual.
例2 I would rather you (help) me clean the house or cook the meals than lay on the sofa all day
long.
【变式训练1·变载体】The captain commanded that his crew (take) a rest before the daybreak, but
some of them still worked on the deck.
【变式训练2·变载体】The doctor insisted that the patient was badly hurt and that he (operate) on at
once.
考向2 考查宾语从句中的时态、语态与主谓一致
例1 The teacher said that the sun (rise) from the east.
例2 He asked what (replace) common metals in the future.
【变式训练1·变情景】Arriving at the party in a great hurry, we were disappointed to find that the band
(stop) playing.
【变式训练2·变载体】4．I knew John (not finish) the work by 5: 00 PM.
1.（2024 新课标I 卷） On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along
the Firehole River in is now northwestern Wyoming.
2.（2020 年浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered
from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
3.（2023 年浙江3 月卷）Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like
human in half a century.
A．where
B．whether
C．whose
D．which
