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专题20  同位语从句
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养,研判高考命题趋势 
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 同位语从句的基本知识
知识解构 知识点1 同位语从句的定义 知识点2 核心特点  知识点3 常见的可接同位语从句的名词  知识点4 
两大呈现形式  知识点5 引导词分类
考向破译 考向  考查同位语从句的连接词   
考点二  考查同位语从句连接词的用法
知识解构 知识点1 连接词that 的用法    知识点2 连接词whether 的用法 
考向破译
 
  考向01 考查that 在同位语从句中的用法 考向02 考查whether 在同位语从句中的用法 
考点三  考查同位语从句连接代词的用法
知识解构 知识点1 what 在同位语从句中的用法   知识点2 who/whom 在同位语从句的用法 知识点3   
whose 在同位语从句的用法 知识点4  which 在同位语从句的用法 知识点5  复合连接代词
考向破译
 
  考向01 考查连接代词的用法
考点四  考查连接副词的用法
知识解构 知识点 连接副词的用法 
考向破译
 
  考向 考查同位语从句中连接副词的用法
考点五  考查同位语从句中的虚拟语气
知识解构 知识点同位语从句中常用虚拟语气句型的词汇
考向破译
 
  考向 考查同位语从句中的虚拟语气
考点六  定语从句与同位语从句的区别
知识解构 知识点1 同位语从句相当于名词,定语从句的功能相当于形容词  知识点2  同位语从句中that 与定语
从句中的区别  知识点3  when,where 在两种从句的区别  知识点4 同位语从句中常用的抽象名词
考向破译
 
  考向 考查定语从句与同位语从句的区别
考点七 同位语从句的易错点
知识解构 知识点1 that vs whether 知识点2 what vs that 知识点3 whether vs if 知识点4 连接代词 vs 连接
副词
考向破译
 
  考向 考查同位语从句中的易错连接词
考点八  同位语从句的常用句型
知识解构 知识点1 There is no doubt that... 知识点2 I have no idea that/whether/what... 知识点 3 The 
fact/truth that... . 
考向破译
 
  考向 考查同位语从句的常用句型
考点九  同位语从句的思维建模
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
核心考点
2026 年
2025 年
2024 年
主语从句
(2024 新课标I 卷)what
宾语从句
(2024·全国甲卷)what
表语从句
(2024 浙江1 月卷)what
(2024·新高考II 卷)what
同位语从句
(2025 北京卷)what
考情分析
题型与考向:从近三年高考试题来看,试题主要以语法填空的形式命题,题目中
等,以考查学生对基本句法知识和技能的掌握情况,强化语言运用能力和语境理
解。名词性从句更以隐性考查广泛存在于阅读理解长难句和应用文写作中。同位语
从句是高考中的轮考点。
语法填空:
 
 有些年份的选材涉及主语从句的相关知识,考生要根据
 
 同位语
 
 从句的句
 
 
法知识和句子结构分析能力填出正确的连接词。
应用文写作
 
 :
  根据文章的提示,在恰当的时候,准确写出同位语从句以表达自己的
 
 
思想和观点。
读后续写:
 
 准确使用同位语从句表达自己的观点和情感。
 
 
复习目标
1. 熟练掌握同位语从句的基本用法。
2. 重点掌握
 
 易混易错的连接词:
 
 that
   和
  whether
 
 ,
  that
  和
   what
 
 ,
  whether
 
 和
  if  。
  
3. 熟练掌握同位语从句的常用句型
 
 。
  
4. 熟悉同位语从句和定语从句的区别。
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
        
考点一  同位语从句的基本知识
知●识●解●构
知识点1  同位语从句的定义:‌同位语从句‌是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,用来对其前面的抽象名
词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。
知识点2  核心特点:
①从句不能单独成句,必须依附于被修饰的名词(或代词),对其进行补充说明,二者地位平等(同指一
件事/一个情况);
②从句由引导词引导,引导词不充当主句成分,只连接主句和同位语从句,部分引导词在从句中充当一定
成分;
③被修饰的名词(同位词)多为抽象名词,且具有“内容可解释、含义可补充”的特点(高频同位词见下
文);
④同位语从句通常位于同位词之后,偶尔可被插入语隔开(易错点,需注意识别)。
知识点3  常见的可接同位语从句的名词:
①表事实/观点:fact(事实)、truth(真相)、news(消息)、information(信息)、message(留言);
②表信念/想法:belief(信念)、idea(想法)、opinion(观点)、thought(想法)、view(观点);
③表愿望/建议:wish(愿望)、hope(希望)、suggestion(建议)、advice(建议)、proposal(提议);
④表其他:promise(承诺)、decision(决定)、question(问题)、doubt(疑问)、possibility(可能
性)。
知识点4  两大呈现形式:
①直接位于同位词后:同位词 + 引导词 + 同位语从句;
②被插入语隔开:同位词 + 插入语(如I think, I believe, is true 等) + 引导词 + 同位语从句(易错
点,需注意识别)。
知识点5  引导词分类(高考核心,分3 大类,与主语从句引导词同源,但用法有差异):
①连接词(不充当从句成分,只起连接作用):that(无含义)、whether(是否,表选择);
②连接代词(在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语):what(……的事情/东西)、who(谁,指人)、
whom(谁,指人,作宾语)、whose(……的,表所属)、which(哪一个,表选择)、whoever(无论
谁)、whatever(无论什么)、whichever(无论哪一个);
③连接副词(在从句中充当状语):when(什么时候)、where(在哪里)、why(为什么)、how(如
何,怎样)、whenever(无论何时)、wherever(无论何地)、however(无论怎样)。
考●向●破●译
考向  考查同位语从句的连接词
1.The possibility          humans will one day live on Mars is no longer pure science fiction. 
2.The mystery          the ancient civilization disappeared suddenly still puzzles historians today. 
3.There is some doubt          the company will survive the current financial crisis,so we are all worried 
about its future.
4.There is no doubt          reading regularly can broaden our horizons and enrich our knowledge. 
考点二 考查同位语从句连接词的用法(高考高频考点)
知●识●解●构
知识点1 连接词that 的用法
核心功能:无实际含义,只起连接作用,不充当从句任何成分;引导的同位语从句语义完整,用于解释同
位词的具体内容(同位词多为fact, truth, news 等表事实的词)。
关键注意点:
- that 不可省略(易错点:与主语从句中it 作形式主语后that 可省略不同,同位语从句中that 无论位于何
处,均不可省略);
- 从句时态不受主句时态影响,根据实际语境选择即可;
- 当同位词是suggestion, advice, proposal 等表“建议、提议”的词时,that 引导的同位语从句需用虚拟语
气(should + 动词原形,should 可省略)。
例句:
I heard the news that our team won the game.(that 引导同位语从句,解释news 的内容,that 不可省略)
He put forward the suggestion that we (should) hold a meeting to discuss the problem. (同位词是
suggestion,从句用虚拟语气,should 可省略)
The fact that he failed the exam surprised all of us.(that 解释fact 的内容,语义完整,不可省略)
知识点2 连接词whether 的用法
核心功能:有实际含义“是否”,起连接作用,不充当从句成分;引导的同位语从句语义不完整,存在
“是/否”的选择,用于补充说明同位词的不确定性(同位词多为question, doubt, possibility 等表疑问、可
能性的词)。
关键注意点:
- 可位于同位词后,不可与if 互换(易错点:if 不能引导同位语从句,无论位置如何);
- 常与or not 连用(whether...or not),此时or not 可放在whether 之后或从句末尾;
- 同位词为doubt 时,肯定句中用whether 引导,否定句/疑问句中用that 引导。
例句:
There is no doubt that he will keep his promise.(否定句,doubt 后用that)
I have a doubt whether he will keep his promise.(肯定句,doubt 后用whether)
We discussed the question whether we should go on a trip tomorrow.(同位词是question,表选择,用
whether,不可用if)
考●向●破●译
考向一  考查that 在同位语从句中的用法
1.The teacher gave us a suggestion        we should practice writing an English essay regularly to improve our 
skills. 
2.Everyone in the class was excited about the news          our school would hold a spring outing next 
month. 
3.Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge          most of the lies we tell are “white lies”: little lies 
that we tell to protect others from the truth. 
考向二  考查whether 在同位语从句中的用法
1.At the beginning of the free training courses, many parents expressed doubt          young athletes aged 8-
14 could make a meaningful impact in sports competitions. 
2.The students discussed a question          online learning is more effective than traditional classroom 
learning. 
3.There has been a heated discussion about the question          we can set up more public reading corners to 
meet citizens’ reading needs. 
考点三  考查同位语从句连接代词的用法(高考高频考点) 
知●识●解●构 
知识点1 what 在同位语从句中的用法
含义:“……的事情”“……的东西”“……的内容”,在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语,指代事物,用
于解释同位词的具体内容。
He had no idea what we were talking about.(what 在从句中作宾语,解释idea 的内容“我们在谈论的事
情”)
The truth what he did for us moved everyone.(what 在从句中作主语,解释truth 的内容“他为我们做的
事情”)
知识点2  who/whom 在同位语从句的用法
含义:who“谁”(指人),在从句中作主语;whom“谁”(指人),在从句中作宾语(口语中可被who
替代),用于补充说明“人”相关的同位词内容。
I have no idea who will be our new teacher.(who 在从句中作主语,解释idea 的内容“谁会是我们的新
老师”)
She asked the question whom we should ask for help.(whom 在从句中作宾语,可替换为who,解释
question 的内容)
知识点3  whose 在同位语从句的用法
含义:“……的”,表所属关系,在从句中作定语,后接名词,可指代人或物,用于补充说明同位词的所
属关系。
We discussed the problem whose book was lost in the classroom.(whose 指代人,修饰book,作定语,
解释problem 的内容)
He expressed the thought whose car was parked in front of our house.(whose 指代物,修饰car,作定
语,解释thought 的内容)
知识点4  which 在同位语从句的用法
含义:“哪一个”,表选择,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,指代人或物(有明确的选择范围),用于补
充说明有选择范围的同位词内容。
She couldn’t decide the question which team would win the game.(which 在从句中作主语,有明确选择
范围“参赛队伍”,解释question 的内容)
We had a discussion about the choice which one we should choose.(which 在从句中作宾语,有选择范
围,解释choice 的内容)
知识点5  复合连接代词(whoever/whatever/whichever)
含义:“无论谁”“无论什么”“无论哪一个”,表让步,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,语气比普通连
接代词更强,用于补充说明同位词的让步含义。
He made a promise whoever breaks the rules will be punished.(whoever 在从句中作主语,表“无论
谁”,解释promise 的内容)
I have no idea whatever he does is right.(whatever 在从句中作宾语,表“无论什么”,解释idea 的内
容)
考●向●破●译
考向  考查连接代词的用法(高频考点)
1.The question        will take his place hasn’t been discussed. 
2.Before my trip to China in April, I was quite nervous because I had no idea             difficulties I would 
encounter at the border control department. 
考点四  考查连接副词的用法
知●识●解●构 
知识点  连接副词的用法(核心:充当从句状语)
核心功能:既起连接作用,又在同位语从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式状语,需根据从句语义和成分
选择(用法与主语从句基本一致,位置不同)。
1. when/where/why
含义:when“什么时候”(时间状语)、where“在哪里”(地点状语)、why“为什么”(原因状语)。
①I have no idea when he will arrive.(我不知道他什么时候到达。)
②They put forward the question where they could get the money .(同位语从句)
他们提出了他们可以从哪里得到这笔钱的问题。
2. how
含义:“如何,怎样”,在从句中作方式状语,也可表示“多么”(修饰形容词/副词,表程度),用于补
充说明同位词的方式、程度等细节。
She had no idea how we can solve this problem.(how 在从句中作方式状语,表“如何解决”,解释idea
的内容)
I was surprised at the news how fast he improved his English.(how 修饰fast,表程度,解释news 的内
容)
3. 复合连接副词(whenever/wherever/however)
含义:“无论何时”“无论何地”“无论怎样”,表让步,在从句中作状语,用于补充说明同位词的让步
含义。
考●向●破●译
考向  考查同位语从句中连接副词的用法
1.I have no idea           this math problem can be solved. I haven’t learned anything about it. 
2.The question          the accident happened has not been answered yet. 
3.I have no idea          the new after-school activity will start next week. 
4.I have no idea          we will spend our holiday. 
考点五 同位语从句中的虚拟语气
知●识●解●构 
知识点  当名词为表达“命令、要求、建议、意愿”等强烈的意愿时,其后跟的同位语从句使用
(should)+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。
类别
名词
示例
建议类
advice, suggestion,
proposal, recommendation
His suggestion that we meet earlier was accepted.他提出的
我们早点见面的建议被采纳了。
要求类
demand, request, requirement
She refused the request that she testify in court.
她拒绝了在法庭上作证的要求。
意愿类
desire, wish, preference
It is my wish that you be happy.我的愿望就是你快乐。
命令类
order, command,instruction
The general issued the ordered that the village be 
evacuated.将军发出了撤离村庄的命令。
必要性
necessity, 
importance, 
insistence,
He stressed the importance that every member attend the 
meeting.他强调每个成员都必须参加会议的重要性。
考●向●破●译
考向 考查同位语从句中的虚拟语气
1.What do you think of his proposal that the meeting             (put) off to next week? 
2.The principal should announce requirements that students          (not oppose) to school regulations.
3.What do you think of the proposal that improvement          (make) in the type of vacuum cleaner? 
考点六 定语从句与同位语从句的区别
知●识●解●构 
知识点 1 同位语从句相当于名词,它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用;而定语
从句的功能相当于形容词,它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。
如:The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建议很好。(定语从句)
The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.我们轮流打扫教室,这个建议很好。
(同位语从句)
知识点 2 引导定语从句的that 是关系代词,在从句中充当某种成分,作宾语时可省略;而引导同位
语从句的that 是连接词,在从句中不作任何成分,也不能省略。
如:The fact (that) we talked about is important.我们所谈论的情况很重要。(定语从句,that 作从句中介词
about 的宾语)
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他的实验成功了,这使大家很高兴。
(同位语从句,that 不作任何成分)
知识点 3 引导定语从句的when,where 是关系副词,不但在句中充当句子成分,还有与其含义相
当的先行词;而引导同位语从句的when,where 是关系副词,虽可以在从句中充当句子成分,但
没有与之含义相当的先行词。
如:Gone forever are the days when  Chinese people were bullied.中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。
(定语从句,the days 与when 构成含义相当的搭配关系)
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语从句,idea 与when 在含义上没有任
何搭配关系)
知识点 4 同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词,如:idea, belief, conclusion, 
impression,fact,news,idea,thought,hope,order, suggestion,belief 等,而定语
从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。
如:He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday.他表示希望有一天能写小说。(同位语从
句)
I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together.我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。(定语从
句)
同位语从句与定语从句的区别:简单的判断方法,引导词前面的名词和后面的句子之间的关系,如果能直
接换成
 
  is  则为同位语从句,如果句子变成名词的修饰词则是定语从句
 
 
The new that
 
   he
    won
 
   the
    first
 
   prize
 
  surprised all of us. 同位语从句 (news = that 从句)  
The new that he told me
 
   surprised all of us. 定语从句(that 从句变成“……的”修饰news) 
I have no idea when she will be back.(when 同位语从句解释idea)
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(when 定语从句修饰day)
考●向●破●译
考向 考查定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1.The reason          the teacher explained at the meeting convinced all of us.
2.Choosing the very environment          offers calmness and inspiration, you can significantly improve your 
energy levels.
3.I was amazed by all the different flavors and dishes          I have never seen in the US.
4.The only decision          really matters is how you choose to spend your time each day.
5.The fact          he had never received any formal training in music made his success even more 
remarkable. 
6.The question          we will hold the class meeting remains to be discussed. 
7.Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling          this little machine had taken up too much of my time, 
and that I could have done something more meaningful than just looking at a tiny screen all day. 
考点七 同位语从句的易错点
知●识●解●构 
知识点1  that vs whether(高频考点)
看从句语义:语义完整(无“是否”含义,用于解释同位词的确定内容)→ 用that;语义不完整(有“是
否”选择,用于解释同位词的不确定内容)→ 用whether;
看同位词:同位词为fact, truth, news 等表“确定事实”的词 → 用that;同位词为question, doubt, 
possibility 等表“疑问、可能性”的词 → 用whether;
特殊注意:doubt 后引导词的选择——肯定句用whether,否定句/疑问句用that。
例句对比:
The fact that he succeeded is beyond our expectation.(同位词是fact,语义完整,用that)
The question whether he succeeded is beyond our expectation.(同位词是question,语义不完整,表“是
否成功”,用whether)
There is no doubt that he succeeded.(否定句,doubt 后用that)
知识点2  what vs that(高频考点)
that:无含义,不充当从句成分,只起连接作用,从句语义完整,用于解释同位词的确定内容;
what:有含义(“……的事情/东西”),在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语,从句语义不完整(缺成分),
用于解释同位词的具体内容。
例句对比(易错警示):
The idea that he said at the meeting is important.(错误:从句缺宾语,that 不能充当宾语)
The idea what he said at the meeting is important.(正确:what 在从句中作宾语,指代“他说的话”,解
释idea 的内容)
The idea that he spoke at the meeting is important.(正确:从句“he spoke at the meeting”语义完整,
that 只起连接作用,解释idea 的内容)
知识点3  whether vs if
同位语从句中,if 不能引导同位语从句(易错点,重中之重),无论同位词是什么、从句位于何处,表
“是否”都只能用whether。
例句对比:
We discussed the question whether he will come or not.(正确:同位语从句,用whether)
We discussed the question if he will come or not.(错误:if 不能引导同位语从句)
知识点4 连接代词 vs 连接副词
判断口诀:从句缺主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 用连接代词;从句缺时间、地点、原因、方式状语 → 用
连接副词。
例句对比:
I have no idea how we will get there.(从句“we will get there”缺方式状语 → 用how,连接副词)
I have no idea what we will take there.(从句“we will take there”缺宾语 → 用what,连接代词)
I don’t know the time when we will get there.(从句缺时间状语 → 用when,连接副词)
考●向●破●译
考向  考查同位语从句中的易错连接词
1.She finally accepted the fact          she would have to study harder to pass the exam. 
2.You will be amazed by the fact          Chinese people are so at ease with technology. 
3.There is some doubt          he can pass the important examination with his current preparation. 
4.I have no idea           on earth made Simon so upset. 
5.My son will turn 15 next week. I want to give him something special, but I have no idea           I should 
buy. 
考点八 同位语从句中的常用句型
知●识●解●构 
知识点  同位语从句中的常用句型:
1. There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……(doubt 后用that,否定句固定搭配);
2. I have no idea that/whether/what... 我不知道……(idea 后可接各类引导词的同位语从句);
3. The fact/truth that... ……的事实/真相(that 引导同位语从句,解释事实);
4. The suggestion/advice that... ……的建议(that 引导同位语从句,用虚拟语气should+动词原形);
5. The question whether... ……的问题(whether 表“是否”,不可用if)。
例句:
There is no doubt that we should learn English well.(高频考点,否定句doubt 后用that)
The advice that we (should) take more exercise is very useful.(suggestion/advice 后,从句用虚拟语气)
I have no idea whether he will come to the party.(idea 后接whether 引导的同位语从句,表“是否”)
考●向●破●译
考向  考查同位语从句中的句型
1.As you start to make plans for what you want to do with your future, you might ask yourself a question   
 
you should start your own business. 
2.Though most of them don’t doubt              he will pass the test, I have some doubt              he 
has really got everything ready. 
3.I have no idea        she addressed the letter to. 
4.Strange as it might be, the suggestion he made        we make good use of the equipment is acceptable. 
考点九 同位语从句的思维建模
思维建模
  
技巧1:确定从句类型:设空处无提示词,先根据设空处前后的句子成分判断设空处为名词性从句还
是其他类型的从句或并列句。
技巧2:判断是否为同位语从句:看从句是否位于抽象名词(同位词)之后,且从句是解释、说明该
名词的内容(而非修饰限定);
 
✅技巧3:分析同位语从句成分:看从句中缺少什么成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 连接代词;状语 
→ 连接副词;不缺成分 → 连接词that/whether);
 
✅技巧4:结合句意和同位词选择引导词:根据同位词的含义(如doubt 表疑问、suggestion 表建议)
和从句语义(是否表“是否”、是否表“无论……”),匹配对应的引导词,规避易错点(如不用if、
that 不省略)。
技巧5:确牢记同位语从句常修饰名词:同位语从句前的名词通常是fact, news, idea, truth, hope, 
problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等表示抽象意义的名词
技巧6:区分同位语从句和定语从句:同位语从句是对前文名词的解释、说明某一个名词的内容和实
质。引导词that 在从句中不充当句子成分。而定语从句引导词that 在定语从句中作成分。
1. 同位语从句中,that 不可省略(无论同位词是什么、从句位置如何),区别于主语从句中it 作形式
主语后that 可省略;
2. if 不能引导同位语从句,表“是否”只能用whether(重中之重,高频丢分点);
3. 同位词为suggestion, advice, proposal 等表“建议、提议”的词时,同位语从句需用虚拟语气
(should + 动词原形,should 可省略);
4. doubt 后引导词的选择:肯定句用whether,否定句/疑问句用that;
5. 区分同位语从句与定语从句:看引导词是否充当成分、从句与名词是“解释”还是“修饰”关系;
6. 同位语从句可被插入语隔开,需注意识别(如:The news, I think, that our team won is true. 插入语I 
think 隔开了同位词和从句)。 
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
单句填空 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2019·全国I 卷)While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ________ they range all the way across 
the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 
2.(2012·上海·高考真题)There is much truth in the idea________kindness is usually served by frankness.
A.why
B.which
C.that
D.whether
3.(2009·重庆·高考真题)We should consider the students’ request________ the school library should provide 
more books on popular science.
A.that
B.when
C.which
D.where
4.(2011·辽宁·高考真题)When the news came ________ the war broke out , he decided to serve in the army.
A.since
B.which
C.that
D.because