07 名词性从句考查要点及应对策略
【考点精析】
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
考点1 引导词
名词性从句由不同的引导词引导,从句一般保持陈述语序。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为3类:
1.that引导的名词性从句
that只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有任何意义。该从句作主语通常用it
作形式主语,而将从句置于句末。
Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.(同位语从句)
It is suggested that we should limit the amount of cars to improve our environment. (主语从句)
2.wh-词引导的名词性从句
wh-词包括who、whom、whose、whoever、what、whatever、which、whichever等连接代词和where、
when、why等连接副词。wh-词既起连接作用,还可充当主语、宾语和表语等。从句作主语也常用it作形式
主语,而将wh-从句置于句末。
The student completed this experiment to make what Professor Joseph had said come true.
注意：
(1)what引导的名词性从句
what作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“什么……?”的问题, 也可以表示相当于“名词/代
词+关系代词引导的定语从句”的结构,意思是“所……的事/物”, 相当于the thing(s) that/which...。 如:
This is what (=the thing that)we have been looking forward to for years.
(2)wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。
The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
No one is allowed to break the regulations, whoever he is.
3.if、whether引导的名词性从句
(1)引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether, 不用if。The question is whether technology is going to be our servant or our master.
(2)whether与if引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换, 但下列情况只能用whether:
①后面直接跟or not时用whether
They now have two weeks to decide whether or not to buy.
②用于介词后引导宾语从句时用whether
But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins
or loses.
考点2 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在
句子末尾。
注意：it作形式主语的句型有:
(1)It+be+名词+从句
It is a fact that... 事实是……
It is good news that... ……是好消息
It is a question that... ……是个问题
It is common knowledge that... ……是常识
类似的可用于该结构的词还有:a pity、a wonder、a good thing、no wonder、a surprise等。
It is good news that our team has won the championship.
It is a pity that I have missed a wonderful boxing match.
(2)It+be+形容词+从句
It is necessary that...有必要……
It is clear that... 很清楚……
It is likely that... 很可能……
It is important that... 重要的是……
类似的可用于该结构的形容词还有:strange、natural、obvious、true、good、wonderful、possible、
unlikely、unusual、certain、evident、worthwhile、surprising、interesting、astonishing等。
It is likely that the goods have met with some accident on the way.
It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us.
(3)It+be+过去分词+从句
It is said that...据说……
It is reported that...据报道……
It has been proved that...已证明……
It must be pointed out that...必须指出……类似的可用于该结构的过去分词(词组)还有:known、estimated、expected、believed、thought、hoped、
noted、discussed、required、decided、suggested、demanded、made clear、found out等。
It is reported that the affected area is under further detailed investigation.
It has been proved that every substance, no matter what it is, is made up of atoms.
考点3 宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由wh-
疑问词引导)。
1.that的省略与否
that引导宾语从句时, 在句中不充当任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但如果是由 and连
接两个并列的宾语从句时,第二个宾语从句前的that不可省略。如:
He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2.句子的语序
由who、whom、which、whose、what、when、where、why、how、whoever、whichever等引导的宾语从
句,应注意从句的语序要用陈述语序。例如:
Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday?
注意：
(1)think、believe、imagine、suppose等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式,
即将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中。
I don’t think the food here agrees with me.
We don’t believe he stole money from the shop.
(2)动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中时,其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词;用在肯定句中时,连接词用
whether 或 if 皆可,而不用 that。
Do you doubt that he will win the match?
I don’t doubt that he can do a good job of it.
He often doubts whether/if he is adequate as a father.
考点4 表语从句
表语从句除了用that、what、when、why、whether、how等引导外,还可由because、as if(though)等引
导。that 引导表语从句,无任何意义,只起连接作用,不可省略。
Without his support, we wouldn’t be where we are now.
By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.
It looks as if a sandstorm is coming up.
The fact of the matter is that most people consume far more protein than they actually need.
注意：(1)whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if不用于引导表语从句。
The question is whether he will join us next time.
(2)That is because...指原因或理由。That is why...指由于各种原因所造成的后果。
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
(3)当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
The reason why I was late was that my car broke down on the way.
考点5 同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导。由于名词的意义不同,也可用
whether、who、when、where、what、why、how等引导。常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有 fact、idea、
belief、news、hope、conclusion、evidence、suggestion、order、problem、report、decision、word(消息)等。
例如:
We came to the decision that we must act at once.
I have no idea when he will come back.
We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.
注意：that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
引导同位语从句的that不充当句子成分,且不可省略;that引导的定语从句成分是残缺的,that代替先行词在
从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,充当宾语时可省略。
We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he
will come,故此处that引导的是同位语从句)
We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the
news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故此处that从句为定语从句)
特别提示：
语法填空题名词考法
第一步判断是否属于名词性从句。第二步判断名词性从句中的连接词; 若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表
语, 用连接代词;若缺少状语就用连接副词;如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整, 是否需要用whether/if;
如果不缺少成分且意思完整则用that。
【真题演练】
1.(2022·北京高考)It’s easy to explain how we determine ____________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
2.(2022·浙江高考)____________ the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy
their presents.3.(2022·全国甲卷)____________ people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000
years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still.
4.(2022·浙江高考 ) Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak
____________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The core(核心) of your relationship is ____________ you will always be there to help each
other.
6.(2021·天津高考)What puzzles Lily’s friends is ____________ she always has so many crazy ideas.
7.(2022·全国乙卷) The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact ____________ your friend
may feel abandoned.
8.(2022·全国乙卷)Make sure you have communicated with your friend about ____________ frequently each of
you wants to be contacted and ____________ method works best for you both.
9.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)He always participated to the best of his ability in ____________ they were doing. That
was ____________ none of the children thought it unusual ____________ David had decided to join the cross-
country team.
10.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him ____________ had
happened.
11.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)____________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
12.(2021·北京高考)The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about ____________ she lived.
【考点精练】
一、完成句子
1. It looks our team win the game.
看起来好像我们队要赢得比赛了。
2. 我们都承认他是一位英明的领导者。(一句多译)
We all recognized that .
We all recognized him .
He was recognized .
3. Even though the sun is brightly shining, .
即使阳光明媚，也无法分辨是早上还是晚上。
4. 如何对待成功和失败会对我们的生活产生很重要的影响。
How we react to success and failure great to our life.
5. 这位母亲真正担心的是将来她的儿子是否能适应社会。（主语从句）
is whether her son will adapt himself to society in the future.
6. 在马克思的一本书中，他就如何学习一门外语提出了一些建议。In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on .
7. 我们学校的每个学生在课堂上能使用电脑是可能的。
every student in our school should use a computer in class.
8. 毫无疑问，如果你有任何困难的话，我们会帮助你的。
you will be helped by us if you have any difficulties.
9. 因此，他们的传统食物是他们所能在篝火上烹饪的食物。
As a , their traditional foods they can cook over an open fire.
10. 让这所学校自豪的是超过百分之九十的学生都被重点大学录取。
more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
11. I become a person if you don’t know where you come from.
我认为如果你不知道自己来自哪里就不知道自己的身份。
12. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She always thinks of .
13. 通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以了解他们在想什么。(宾语从句)
We can learn a lot about by watching their body language.
14. One of his problems is .
他的问题之一是他没有时间加入我们。
15. 让我印象最深刻的是所有医护人员和志愿者的奉献精神。
most was the devotion of all the medical workers and volunteers.
16. 我相信所有人都可以对社会产生影响。（it作形式主语）
can make a difference to society.
17. need not be right for others.
对我们来说是对的东西, 对别人来说未必正确。
18. 我能听到有声音，却听不清他们在说什么。
I heard voices, but couldn’t .
19. My suggestion is we (should) pay a visit to our teacher tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天去看望一下我们的老师。
20. It seems helicopters were delivering all kinds of supplies to the disaster area.
看起来，直升机好像正在向灾区运送各种物资。
21. 他在会议上讲的话令我很惊讶。
surprised me a lot.
22. 去拿你的物理书,它就在小卧室里你放的那个地方。
Go and get your physical book;it is .23. It looks the experiment in underwater exploration.
看起来好像他们在水下探测实验中已经取得了成功。
24. 据估计，他们能在一周内给我们答复。
they can give us their answers within a week.
25. 他们是否会成功还不清楚。
hasn't been made clear.
26. 我认为他应该为他做的事向我道歉。
I think he should he did.
27. 尽管这三个团队采取了不同的方法解决这个问题，他们最终都成功了。(despite)
the three teams adopted different approaches to the problem, they all succeeded in the end.
28. 众所周知，看电视可以使我们放松身体，拓宽视野，还可以丰富我们的生活。
is known to us all is watching TV may relax our body,
and enrich our life.
29. was that the loud noise outside disturbed my mind.
使我恼火的是外面的嘈杂声使我心烦意乱。
30. 人们往往认为这个问题绝不会影响到他们。
People will never affect them.
31. 据估计，修理这所房子将花费我们3000美元。(estimate)
the repairs to the house will cost us 3,000 dollars.
32. 人们普遍认为水资源对我们来说极其重要。(acknowledge)
water resources are of vital importance to us. (2022全国甲写作)
33. 有助于促进我们的合作的是首先达成协议。
our cooperation is to make an agreement first.
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
34. The reason why he was sent to the hospital was he was ill.
35. It is a problem they will support us.
36. While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared he had with the villagers without asking for
anything in return.
37. We all miss you and are very grateful for you did for us when we were together.
38. In winter, these mountains are covered in sheets of white frost. This is the terraces look like.
39. It is possible caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
40. As far as I am concerned, made him panic was that his personal information was let out by others
online.41. As a member of society, I am aware that being responsible is it takes to make a better society.
42. These flowers have died. You have watered them.
43. He asked he was to lock the car or leave it unlocked.
44. It is you have done that makes a difference.
45. Have you ever asked yourself people often have trouble learning English?
46. he said nothing at the meeting made me very disappointed.
47. A computer can only do you have instructed it to do.
48. Some children want to improve themselves by learning a language different from ________ their parents
speak at home.
49. —What made her parents so angry?
— she had failed in the examination.
50. There is no doubt the wooden chair is much stronger than the plastic one you bought yesterday.
51. Please be aware you will not receive this smartcard during Welcome Week if you do not upload
your image online by 4 September 2020.
52. It became popular for its ease of use, and eventually progressed into we now consider to be the
standard script.
53. —He promised he (attend) the meeting on time. I am at a loss what happened.
—It doesn’t matter. We are starting without him. (所给词的适当形式填空）
54. Do you think it is possible to find out these borrowed words are from?
55. It is my belief painful memories will fade with time going by.
56. It should reveal information about icebergs affect their surroundings by, for example, dumping
fresh water into the ocean as they melt.
57. Men usually go straight to they want and leave quickly when shopping.
58. It is believed human beings can walk in the universe in the future.
59. He said that everyone should get equal pay.That is I disagree.
60. I think he'll be all right in a few days.
61. Please put the medicine on the top of the shelf. It’s our children can’t reach it.
62. It is generally believed communication skills are becoming what it takes to be a good doctor.
63. In the chaos and confusion after the attack, the US Navy sent a message to his family Louis had
been killed in the attack.
三、单项选择
64. Being unique should be encouraged because that’s makes our society a society.
A. that B. what C. who D. which65. I’d like to work with________is honest and easy to get on with.
A. who B. whoever
C. whomever D. no matter who
66. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of she's learnt into practice in her
own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
67. There is no doubt __________the temperature goes down, metal ____________.
A. that...contacts B. whether...contrasts C. that when...contractsD. when...contracts
68. Is _______any doubt _____ Jennifer will come to see me this weekend as usual.
A. it; that B. it; whether C. there; that D. there; whether
69. This devotion and hard work is ________ we see reflected within his photos.
A. that B. whether C. how D. what
70. The reason ______ I didn’t go to Shanghai was ______ I got a new job.
A. why; because B. why; that
C. that; because D. that; that
71. —I told you that he would go abroad.
—Actually I had little doubt ______ it was true.
A. whether B. when C. that D. how
72. I’ve come from the government with a message ________ the meeting won’t be held tomorrow.
A. if B. that C. whether D. which
73. I’ll give the prize to _______ finishes the work first.
A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. anyone
74. He asked me ______________.
A. when would I come back
B. why I didn’t attend the meeting
C. how much did I pay for the mobile phone
D. whom was I going to the cinema with
75. Pick yourself up from ________ you fell and correct your mistake ________ you made it.
A. how, where B. where, where C. how, how D. where, how
76. —My father said: "I went to see you yesterday but did not meet you there."
—My father said to me that ________________.
A. he had come to see me the day before but hadn't met me there.
B. he came to see me that day but had not met me here.C. he had come to see me the day before yesterday but hadn't met me here.
D. he came to see me the last day but didn't meet me there.
77. It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning grey.
A. what B. that C. which D. while
78. ________ female college graduates get a job appears to be rather difficult nowadays.
A. Why B. What C. whether D. That
79. At present, he is busy writing a book _______he calls the trip of his life.
A. in that B. on what C. in which D. in what
80. This picture exhibition held in the school art gallery will reveal to us _________ when it was founded 135
years ago.
A. how our school looked like B. what did our school look like
C. what our school looked like D. how did our school look like
81. The story goes ________ Ernest Shackleton planned to cross Antarctica from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea
and more 5,000 men applied to join the expedition.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
82. She’s ________ is known as a nosy person—she is always dying to know what’s going on in others’ lives.
A. what B. who
C. which D. that
83. The demand________ the workers ask for higher wages seemed reasonable.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
84. Students show great interest in ________ Professor William presents to them in his class.
A. whichever B. wherever C. whatever D. however
85. After＿＿＿seemed a hopeless wait, four coal-miners trapped in the mine for 125 hours were finally rescued
in Heilongjiang Province.
A. when B. that C. it D. what
86. Many netizens are impressed with the excuse given by a teacher for quitting her job ______ she owes the
world a visit.
A. because B. that C. where D. why
87. He came here in the hope he could learn about the cause of the accident.
A. which B. how C. that D. what
88. He started to write his essay, safe in the knowledge ________ he wouldn’t be disturbed for a whole day.
A. whether B. what C. that D. when
89. They knew nothing about the war _______ they heard from the radio.A. besides B. except
C. except what D. except for
90. A simple restaurant was ________ he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
A. how B. that C. what D. where
91. ―Linda, could you tell me ________ Paris?
―Sure. Last Saturday.
A. when Mr. Johnson left B. when Mr. Johnson will leave
C. when did Mr. Johnson leave D. when will Mr. Johnson leave
92. By reading the story, you may understand ______ to be successful.
A. it takes what B. you take what C. what takes you D. what it takes
93. ________to become was uncertain until I was fifteen when I entered high school.
A. What did I want B. What wanted
C. What I wanted D. What it was
94. I don't know ________ she can finish the work by herself or not.
A. whether B. what C. who D. if
95. —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea _____________ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.
A. when B. why
C. that D. how
96. It was ______was advertised on TV ______ made many customers buy what they might not need.
A. what; what B. which; that
C. what; that D. that; what
97. When I try to understand ________ that prevents so many children from being happy, there seem to be three
causes.
A. why it is B. what it does
C. why it does D. what it is
四、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The British have been drinking tea for over 350 years. But in fact, the history of tea goes much 98
(far) back.
The story of tea begins in China. According to the legend, the Chinese emperor Shen Nung was sitting 99
a tree while his servant boiled drinking water, when some leaves from the tree blew into the water. Shen Nung,
100 expert in herbal medicine, decided to try the water his servant created. As a result, it tasted so good thatlater the drink was 101 we now call tea.
It is 102 (possible) to know whether there is any truth in this story. 103 , tea drinking certainly
was established in China many centuries before it had even been heard of in the west. Containers of tea 104
(find) in tombs dating from the Han dynasty (206BC-220AD) before tea was firmly established as the national
drink of China in the Tang dynasty (618-906AD). It became 105 a favorite thing that during the late
eighth century, a writer 106 (call) Lu Yu wrote the first book entirely about tea, the Ch’a Ching, or Tea
Classic. It was shortly after this that tea was first introduced to Japan, by Japanese Buddhist monks who had
travelled to China to study before. Tea drinking has become a vital part of Japanese culture, 107 may be
rooted in the sprit described in the Ch’a Ching.
